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<mods:title id="68B29635460809067F12BF9E6C751EB3">A revision of the South African endemic water beetle genus Pneuminion Perkins (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="D6B76578FA63FFB4FE95FA96FE5BFD26" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FE95FA96FD01FD09" blockId="5.[264,699,684,745]" box="[264,699,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="C55A819FFA63FFB4FE95FA96FD01FD09" bold="true" box="[264,699,684,710]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="59AD4D70FA63FFB4FE95FA96FD01FD09" ID-CoL="4KKVG" authority="Perkins, 1997" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1997" box="[264,699,684,710]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Pneuminion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velamen">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FE95FA96FD01FD09" bold="true" box="[264,699,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FE95FA96FDB0FD09" bold="true" box="[264,522,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pneuminion velamen</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FA3C4B02FA63FFB4FD8FFA96FD01FD09" author="Perkins" box="[530,699,684,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Perkins, P. D. (1997). Life on the effective bubble: exocrine secretion delivery systems (ESDS) and the evolution and classification of beetles in the family Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 66 (2), 89 - 207." type="journal article" year="1997">Perkins, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FE95FAF5FE5BFD26" blockId="5.[264,699,684,745]" box="[264,481,719,745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="06962A76FA63FFB4FE8DFAF5FE38FD26" box="[272,386,719,745]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="15.[264,368,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,326,1324]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pneuminion velamen holotype. Dorsal and lateral habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figures 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="06962A76FA63FFB4FE13FAF5FE14FD26" box="[398,430,719,745]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[319,1246,315,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[318,1269,315,1676]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pneuminion velamen. Aedeagus of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157474/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="06962A76FA63FFB4FE27FAF5FE63FD26" box="[442,473,719,745]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 25" captionStartId="35.[264,383,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[272,1314,310,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[272,1315,309,1826]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 23 25. Pneuminion distribution maps. — 23. P. velamen. — 24. P. semisulcatum. — 25. P. t u b u m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169059/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">23</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6B76578FA63FFB4FE95FB25FD08FCFA" box="[264,690,798,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FE95FB25FD08FCFA" blockId="5.[264,690,798,822]" box="[264,690,798,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BEBD11DDFA63FFB4FE95FB25FD08FCFA" box="[264,690,798,822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="59AD4D70FA63FFB4FE95FB25FD14FCFA" ID-CoL="4KKVG" authority="Perkins 1997:172" authorityName="Perkins" authorityPageNumber="172" authorityYear="1997" box="[264,686,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Pneuminion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velamen">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FE95FB25FE52FCF9" box="[264,488,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pneuminion velamen</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="1F0C10E2FA63FFB4FE72FB24FD14FCFA" author="Perkins" box="[495,686,798,821]" page="172" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="FA3C4B02FA63FFB4FE72FB24FD3AFCFA" author="Perkins" box="[495,640,798,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" refString="Perkins, P. D. (1997). Life on the effective bubble: exocrine secretion delivery systems (ESDS) and the evolution and classification of beetles in the family Hydraenidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Annals of Carnegie Museum, 66 (2), 89 - 207." type="journal article" year="1997">Perkins 1997</bibRefCitation>
:172
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6B76578FA63FFB4FE95FB5CFE77FAF6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FE95FB5CFE77FAF6" blockId="5.[264,1325,870,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FE95FB5CFE78FC4F" bold="true" box="[264,450,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="41168851FA63FFB4FE95FB5CFEFFFC4F" box="[264,325,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
Material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="41168851FA63FFB4FE4EFB5DFDFAFC4E" box="[467,576,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(male) and 25
<typeStatus id="41168851FA63FFB4FD6AFB5DFCD6FC4E" box="[759,876,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="E6BA7663FA63FFB4FCE5FB5DFBA9FC4E" box="[888,1043,871,897]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Cape Province, Cederberg,
<quantity id="59559B16FA63FFB4FED3FBB5FE17FC66" box="[334,429,911,937]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1130.0">1130 m</quantity>
, sifted marsh shore,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FD32FBB5FCB6FC66" box="[687,780,911,937]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-32.28">32.28S­</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FC91FBB5FCD8FC66" box="[780,866,911,937]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="19.14">19.14E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FCEFFBB5FC59FC66" box="[882,995,911,937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1983-11-07">7.xi.1983</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#2055); deposited in
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FE3BFB8DFE41FC1E" box="[422,507,951,977]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
. Additional
<typeStatus id="41168851FA63FFB4FD3DFB8DFCAFFC1E" box="[672,789,951,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: Cape Province, Farm Ezelsfontein, shorewashing,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FEE6FBE5FE63FC36" box="[379,473,991,1017]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-30.24">30.24S­</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FE44FBE5FD95FC36" box="[473,559,991,1017]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="18.05">18.05E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FDA0FBE5FD0FFC36" box="[573,693,991,1017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1977-10-30">30.x.1977</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#1407), (4
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FBBAFBE5FBC4FC36" box="[1063,1150,991,1017]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
). S. W. Cape, Hawaquas rad. tower,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FDB8FC3DFDC2FBEE" box="[549,632,1031,1057]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-33.41">33.41S</geoCoordinate>
­
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FD3DFC3DFD4DFBEE" box="[672,759,1031,1057]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="19.06">19.06E</geoCoordinate>
, shore washing,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FC4CFC3DFBEAFBEE" box="[977,1104,1031,1057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1978-10-27">27.X.1978</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#1484), (5
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FE0FFC15FE53FB86" box="[402,489,1071,1097]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
). Cape­Swartberg, Seweweekspoort Klf,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FC4FFC15FB9EFB86" box="[978,1060,1071,1097]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-33.24">33.24S</geoCoordinate>
­
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FBA1FC15FB29FB86" box="[1084,1171,1071,1097]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="21.21">21.21E</geoCoordinate>
, river stones,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FE95FC6DFE2FFBBE" box="[264,405,1111,1137]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1973-11-18">18­XI­1973</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#269), (1
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FD6FFC6DFCF3FBBE" box="[754,841,1111,1137]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
). W. Cape, Hawequas,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FBF9FC6DFB0CFBBE" box="[1124,1206,1111,1137]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-33.34">33.34S</geoCoordinate>
­
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FB4CFC6DFA92FBBE" box="[1233,1320,1111,1137]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="19.08">19.08E</geoCoordinate>
, from rock pools,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FE7DFC45FDE0FB56" box="[480,602,1151,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1973-11-06">6.XI.1973</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#210), (3
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FC59FC45FBA1FB56" box="[964,1051,1151,1177]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
). S. W. Cape, Limiet Berge,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FEC1FC9DFE14FB0E" box="[348,430,1191,1217]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-33.33">33.33S</geoCoordinate>
­
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FE5AFC9DFDA4FB0E" box="[455,542,1191,1217]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="19.07">19.07E</geoCoordinate>
, water collection at
<quantity id="59559B16FA63FFB4FC94FC9DFCECFB0E" box="[777,854,1191,1217]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FCFFFC9DFC66FB0E" box="[866,988,1191,1217]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1973-11-07">7.XI.1973</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#215), (1
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FE95FCF5FEE5FB26" box="[264,351,1231,1257]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
). Cape, Cederberg, Eikenboom,
<quantity id="59559B16FA63FFB4FD75FCF5FC94FB26" box="[744,814,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FCA6FCF5FC37FB26" box="[827,909,1231,1257]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-32.27">32.27S</geoCoordinate>
­
<geoCoordinate id="FB995034FA63FFB4FC35FCF5FC45FB26" box="[936,1023,1231,1257]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="19.1">19.10E</geoCoordinate>
, river stones,
<date id="EA131033FA63FFB4FB38FCF5FA92FB26" box="[1189,1320,1231,1257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1981-10-29">29­X­1981</date>
, Endrödy­Younga (#1906), (2
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FDF0FCCDFD7EFADE" box="[621,708,1271,1297]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TMSA</collectionCode>
). Representative duplicate specimens deposited in
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FE95FD25FEF6FAF6" box="[264,332,1311,1337]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9qz-7eka" name="Albany Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">AMG</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="F8BCAE36FA63FFB4FE18FD25FE73FAF6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[389,457,1311,1337]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MCZ</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6B76578FA63FFB4FEA5FD7CFCE6F9CE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FEA5FD7CFCE6F9CE" blockId="5.[264,1325,870,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FEA5FD7CFE0DFAAF" bold="true" box="[312,439,1350,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Recognized by the black dorsum with conspicuous white setae, the dull, micropunctulate head and pronotum, the lines of white setae on the elytra, and the granules of the elytral intervals and series (
<figureCitation id="06962A76FA63FFB4FD0BFDADFD64FA7E" box="[662,734,1431,1457]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="15.[264,368,1331,1355]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,326,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,326,1324]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pneuminion velamen holotype. Dorsal and lateral habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The aedeagus is most similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="59AD4D70FA63FFB4FB55FDADFEF8FA17" class="Insecta" family="Hydraenidae" genus="Pneuminion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FB55FDADFEF8FA17" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in the shape of the main­piece, the shape and thickness of the duct, and the shapes and setal arrangement of the parameres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D6B76578FA63FFB7FEA5FE34FC2AFD51" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FEA5FE34FCBCF99E" blockId="5.[264,1325,870,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="ACD9EAE1FA63FFB4FEA5FE34FE75F9E7" bold="true" box="[312,463,1550,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
Size (mm x 100; length/width): body (length to elytral apices) 191/84, head 36/51, pronotum 42/69, elytra 119/84.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB4FEA5FE65FBA0F906" blockId="5.[264,1325,870,1897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dorsum black, with moderately dense, conspicuous white setae; legs and maxillary palpi brown. Labrum, clypeus and frons dull, micropunctulate. Labroclypeal suture shallow. Shallow fovea in front of each ocellus, medial margin abrupt.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA63FFB7FEA5FEEDFDB4FE91" blockId="5.[264,1325,870,1897]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pronotum dull, entirely micropunctulate, subrugose in foveae and laterally; punctures on reliefs very small, each divided by tiny granule, therefore appearing paired; all foveae moderately deep; oblique anterior fovea on each side shallowly connecting to midlongitudinal fovea; posterior U­shaped fovea well­developed; setae at lateral margin flat on cuticle in dry specimens. Pronotal postocular emarginations deeper and less symmetrical in females than in males.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA60FFB7FEA5F956FC33FDE9" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Elytra with setae of series and interseries equally or almost equally developed, resulting in very discrete, narrowly separated, unilinear rows of setae, about 18 on each elytron, each setal base with large granule on anterior margin, granules of intervals slightly larger and more closely spaced than granules of series; serial punctures very shallow; interseries slightly raised; explanate margin narrow in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E1236F3FA60FFB7FEA5FA0EFC2AFD51" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Aedeagus: main­piece length 47, total length 70; duct very long, thick in basal onehalf and very slender in apical one­half; parameres comparatively densely setose apically; main­piece with ridge/groove to support duct (
<figureCitation id="06962A76FA60FFB7FCB6FABEFC3DFD51" box="[811,903,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="25.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[319,1246,315,1657]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[318,1269,315,1676]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 12. Pneuminion velamen. Aedeagus of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157474/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>