223 lines
20 KiB
XML
223 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7140b994-d67e-44a7-a4e1-daa7216c6b46" ID-PMC="PMC5784208" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-717-1" ID-PubMed="29391848" ID-ZBK="C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-717-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 717" ModsDocTitle="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" checkinTime="1512083542653" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Korshunova, Tatiana, Martynov, Alexander, Bakken, Torkild, Evertsen, Jussi, Fletcher, Karin, Mudianta, I Wayan, Saito, Hiroshi, Lundin, Kennet, Michael Schroedl, & Picton, Bernard" docDate="2017" docId="14ACE8BB12A83436B3BE8565F89B76F7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 717: 1-139" docOrigin="ZooKeys 717" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" docTitle="Piseinotecus Er. Marcus 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFED910FFFF5FFC82005844DFFF1FFA8" masterDocTitle="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1668165142384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Korshunova, Tatiana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martynov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Evertsen, Jussi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mudianta, I Wayan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saito, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lundin, Kennet</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michael Schroedl,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Picton, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>717</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>139</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-717-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137581518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14ACE8BB12A83436B3BE8565F89B76F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14ACE8BB12A83436B3BE8565F89B76F7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName authority="Er. Marcus, 1955" authorityName="Er. Marcus" authorityYear="1955" class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus Er. Marcus, 1955</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2, 34
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus divae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae">Piseinotecus divae</taxonomicName>
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Er. Marcus, 1955.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Body narrow. Notal ridge fully reduced. Cerata on low compound stalks. Rhinophores smooth, similar in size to oral tentacles. Anterior foot corners present. Anus pleuroproctic. Rachidian teeth with non-compressed cusp and distinct denticles. Lateral teeth absent. Proximal receptaculum seminis. Short vas deferens with distinct prostate. Penis conical.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="species included">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Species included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus divae" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="divae">Piseinotecus divae</taxonomicName>
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Er. Marcus, 1955 (original description in
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<bibRefCitation author="Marcus, Er" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoology" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="89 - 261" title="Opisthobranchia from Brazil." volume="207" year="1955">Marcus 1955</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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(?)
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<taxonomicName class="Strophomenata" family="Productidae" genus="Foraminifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foraminifera sphaeriferus" order="Productida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="sphaeriferus">sphaeriferus</taxonomicName>
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(Schmekel, 1965) (original description in
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmekel, L" journalOrPublisher="Pubblicacioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="452 - 461" title="Calmellasphaerifera n. sp., ein neuer Aeolidier aus dem Mittelmeer (Gastr. Opisthobranchia)." volume="34" year="1965">Schmekel 1965</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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is commonly considered to belong to a separate family
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<taxonomicName family="Piseinotecidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Piseinotecidae</taxonomicName>
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Edmunds, 1970 because of the presence of a uniserial radula instead of the triserial radula common for traditional
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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. However, external features, including the presence of compound ceratal stalks in the type species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. divae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="divae">P. divae</taxonomicName>
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, and the other species (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sphaeriferus" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="sphaeriferus">P. sphaeriferus</taxonomicName>
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) suggest a relationship to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Flabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flabellina" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Flabellina</taxonomicName>
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. Preliminary data suggest that this genus is deeply nested within the traditional family
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="671 - 689" title="Revision of the systematics of Babakina Roller, 1973 (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) with the description of a new species and a phylogenetic analysis." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00331.x" volume="151" year="2007">Gosliner et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tamsouri, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Marine Science" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="991 - 997" title="Description of a new species of Piseinotecus (Castropoda, Heterobranchia, Piseinotecidae) from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2014.1019" volume="90" year="2014">Tamsouri et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). This is confirmed by our analysis (Figs 1, 2) and therefore we have considered
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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a genus within the family
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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s. str., after removal of the families
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<taxonomicName family="Coryphellidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Coryphellidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Paracoryphellidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Paracoryphellidae</taxonomicName>
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, and others. While this paper was under review an analysis was published (
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<bibRefCitation author="Furfaro, G" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.001" year="2017">Furfaro et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) that at least some species previously considered within the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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(i.e., "
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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"
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<taxonomicName class="Strophomenata" family="Productidae" genus="Foraminifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foraminifera gabinierei" order="Productida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="gabinierei">gabinierei</taxonomicName>
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and "
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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" gaditanus) actually possess a triserial radula and thus must be firmly included into the family
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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in its restricted sense. There are more undescribed species of the putative genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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that appear within some clades which are not closely related, e.g.,
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinopsidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinopsidae</taxonomicName>
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fam. n. (see above) (Fig. 2). Because of that and also since there are no molecular data for the type species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. divae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="divae">P. divae</taxonomicName>
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, the validity and monophyly of this genus still needs to be confirmed. Therefore, until molecular data on the type species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. divae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="divae">P. divae</taxonomicName>
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becomes available, we consider the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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only tentatively as belonging to the family
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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s. str. According to the first description (
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<bibRefCitation author="Marcus, Er" journalOrPublisher="Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoology" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="89 - 261" title="Opisthobranchia from Brazil." volume="207" year="1955">Marcus 1955</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. divae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="divae">P. divae</taxonomicName>
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has no distinct oral glands but has rather strong cusp of rachidian tooth. These features contradict to the diagnosis of the family
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<taxonomicName family="Flabellinidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Flabellinidae</taxonomicName>
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s. str. but still need to be confirmed by novel material. Since the Mediterranean "
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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"
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<taxonomicName class="Strophomenata" family="Productidae" genus="Foraminifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foraminifera gabinierei" order="Productida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="gabinierei">gabinierei</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Paraflabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraflabellina ishitana" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ishitana">Paraflabellina ishitana</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1) we include "
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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"
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<taxonomicName class="Strophomenata" family="Productidae" genus="Foraminifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foraminifera gabinierei" order="Productida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="gabinierei">gabinierei</taxonomicName>
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into the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Paraflabellina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraflabellina" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraflabellina</taxonomicName>
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(see above). Another species "
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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" gaditanus is nested within
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Calmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calmella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Calmella</taxonomicName>
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clade and therefore assigned to that genus. Whether the triserial radula has been overlooked in the type species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. divae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="divae">P. divae</taxonomicName>
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or not is currently unclear. Therefore
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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is not synonymised in the present study with any existing genera, but awaits assignment until more data becomes available. In addition, based on the morphological data we do not include species without ceratal stalks in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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or species with more disparate ceratal and radular morphology, such as "
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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"
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<taxonomicName class="Strophomenata" family="Productidae" genus="Foraminifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foraminifera gonja" order="Productida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="gonja">gonja</taxonomicName>
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Edmunds, 1970 and "
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Piseinotecidae" genus="Piseinotecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Piseinotecus" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Piseinotecus</taxonomicName>
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"
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<taxonomicName class="Strophomenata" family="Productidae" genus="Foraminifera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foraminifera minipapilla" order="Productida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="minipapilla">minipapilla</taxonomicName>
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Edmunds, 2015 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Edmunds, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="15 - 57" title="Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Tanzania. II. (Cuthonidae, Piseinotecidae and Facelinidae)." volume="39" year="1970">Edmunds 1970</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Edmunds, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="105 - 124" title="Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Ghana: Flabellinidae, Piseinotecidae, Eubranchidae & Embletoniidae." volume="42" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |