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<document id="40715132A87DB93770AEB390D477BA24" ID-CLB-Dataset="59555" ID-DOI="10.1007/s12542-023-00657-7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6450bd33-f5f8-479c-9263-b450e4cc3030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8206331" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1690914803121" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Dunlop 1, Jason A." docDate="2023" docId="14720107FF9EFFD5FCFEF9D86001DF70" docLanguage="en" docName="PalZ.2023.1-8.pdf" docOrigin="PalZ 2023" docTitle="Arthrolycosidae Harger 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="E84B797FFF9CFFD6FFCEFFCA612BD93B" masterDocTitle="The first Palaeozoic spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1690916557290" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B11B7D449BED25B7935D907BBD5538F5">The first Palaeozoic spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="44C294A0F9EFC72FA37068F3B5A9E6CA">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="14720107FF9EFFD5FCFEF9D86001DF70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8206322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:14720107FF9EFFD5FCFEF9D86001DF70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/14720107FF9EFFD5FCFEF9D86001DF70" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="D4C1E39AFF9EFFD4FCFEF9D865E5DF11" box="[816,1230,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9EFFD4FCFEF9D865E5DF11" blockId="2.[816,1230,1520,1578]" box="[816,1230,1553,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Family
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9EFFD4FC4CF9DB65E5DF11" authority="Harger, 1874" authorityName="Harger" authorityYear="1874" box="[898,1230,1553,1578]" class="Arachnida" family="Arthrolycosidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9EFFD4FC4CF9DB6511DF12" bold="true" box="[898,1082,1553,1577]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Arthrolycosidae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F84ACDE0FF9EFFD4FB8FF9D865E5DF11" author="Harger, O." box="[1089,1230,1554,1578]" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="219 - 223" part="7" refId="ref4940" refString="Harger, O. 1874. Notice of a new spider from the Coal Measures of Illinois. American Journal of Science 7: 219 - 223." title="Notice of a new spider from the Coal Measures of Illinois" type="journal article" year="1874">Harger, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D4C1E39AFF9EFFD5FCFEF99F6001DF70" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9EFFD5FCFEF99F6033DA8B" blockId="2.[816,1452,1620,1911]" lastBlockId="3.[136,772,853,1611]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9EFFD4FCFEF99F6524DF57" box="[816,1039,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Taxonomic remarks</emphasis>
. Spinnerets are one of the defining characters of spiders; thus, their presence here in the Piesberg fossil (
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9EFFD4FC78F95D6527DF94" box="[950,1036,1687,1711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,165,156,177]" captionTargetBox="[544,1451,154,800]" captionTargetId="figure-545@3.[544,1451,154,800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3 Details of the specimen shown in Fig. 1. a Setose distal ends of walking legs I and II. b Setae adorning the pedipalp. c Putative spinneret show- ing evidence of segmentation (arrowed). Scale bars equal 1 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206337/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) indicates that it belongs to
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9EFFD4FA9EF95D6480DF94" authorityName="Clerck" authorityYear="1757" box="[1360,1451,1687,1711]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araneae</taxonomicName>
and is not part of the assemblage of spider-like fossils, which
<bibRefCitation id="F84ACDE0FF9EFFD4FCB5F910653CDFC9" author="Selden, P. A." box="[891,1047,1754,1778]" editor="S. G. Lucas &amp; W. A. DiMichele &amp; B. D. Allen" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="317 - 358" part="84" refId="ref6063" refString="Selden, P. A. 2021. New spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), from the Carboniferous of New Mexico and England and a review of Paleozoic Araneae. In S. G. Lucas, W. A. DiMichele &amp; B. D. Allen (eds.), Kinney Brick Quarry Lagerstatte. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 84: 317 - 358." title="New spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), from the Carboniferous of New Mexico and England and a review of Paleozoic Araneae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Kinney Brick Quarry Lagerstatte" year="2021">Selden (2021)</bibRefCitation>
designated Tetrapulmonata
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9EFFD4FA9FF910624DDE28" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">incertae sedis</emphasis>
; whereby the tetrapulmonates include the spiders and their closest relatives such as whip spiders and whip scorpions. The opisthosoma of the new fossil preserves distinct tergites and sternites (
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9EFFD4FBE8F89565A6DE4C" box="[1062,1165,1887,1911]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[816,845,1015,1036]" captionStartId-1="2.[137,166,156,177]" captionTargetBox-0="[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetBox-1="[549,1447,161,1444]" captionTargetId-0="figure-627@1.[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetId-1="figure-232@2.[544,1451,154,1448]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig.1 Arthrolycosa wolterbeeki sp. nov., the oldest fossil spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany, from the late Carboniferous of Piesberg near Osnabruck, Lower Saxony. a Part. b Counterpart. Scale bar equals 5 mm" captionText-1="Fig. 2 Interpretative camera" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206333" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206335" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8206333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8206335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
). This is a plesiomorphic character for spiders, but is consistent with it being a member of the suborder
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FE92FCBD60F0DAB4" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1892" box="[348,475,887,911]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Mesothelae">Mesothelae</taxonomicName>
, which retains a segmented opisthosoma.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C8A4E099FF9FFFD5FF46FF566197D850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8206337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" startId="3.[136,165,156,177]" subCaptionStartIDs="3.[224,257,181,203]" subCaptionStarts="Fig. 1" targetBox="[544,1451,154,800]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FF5660B7D98A" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,412,155,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<pageTitle id="DC446876FF9FFFD5FF46FF5660B7D98A" box="[136,412,155,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9FFFD5FF46FF566193D98A" bold="true" box="[136,184,156,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
Fig.
<pageNumber id="AC70BBC7FF9FFFD5FF63FF566193D98A" ambiguity="1" box="[173,184,156,177]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" score="2.0" value="3">3</pageNumber>
</emphasis>
Details of the specimen
</pageTitle>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FF7F6089D9F0" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,418,181,203]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
shown in
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9FFFD5FF2EFF7F6000D9F1" box="[224,299,181,203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[816,845,1015,1036]" captionTargetBox="[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetId="figure-627@1.[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1 Arthrolycosa wolterbeeki sp. nov., the oldest fossil spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany, from the late Carboniferous of Piesberg near Osnabruck, Lower Saxony. a Part. b Counterpart. Scale bar equals 5 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
Fig. 1.
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9FFFD5FEEEFF7F6000D9F1" bold="true" box="[288,299,181,202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">a</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
Setose distal
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FF1A60BAD9DE" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,401,208,230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">ends of walking legs I and II.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FF2160B5D83A" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,414,235,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9FFFD5FF46FF2161BED83B" bold="true" box="[136,149,235,256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">b</emphasis>
Setae adorning the pedipalp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FECF605DD820" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,374,261,283]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="AEAF6C03FF9FFFD5FF46FECF61B9D821" bold="true" box="[136,146,261,282]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">c</emphasis>
Putative spinneret show-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FEEA60B9D80D" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,402,288,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">ing evidence of segmentation</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FEF16054D86A" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,383,315,337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">(arrowed). Scale bars equal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF46FE9F6197D850" blockId="3.[136,418,155,363]" box="[136,188,341,363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1 mm</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9C64B011FF9FFFD5FF68FC736001DF70" blockId="3.[136,772,853,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
As noted above, three Carboniferous mesothele families were recognised, and re-diagnosed, by
<bibRefCitation id="F84ACDE0FF9FFFD5FDEBFC116395DAC8" author="Selden, P. A." box="[549,702,987,1011]" editor="S. G. Lucas &amp; W. A. DiMichele &amp; B. D. Allen" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" pagination="317 - 358" part="84" refId="ref6063" refString="Selden, P. A. 2021. New spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), from the Carboniferous of New Mexico and England and a review of Paleozoic Araneae. In S. G. Lucas, W. A. DiMichele &amp; B. D. Allen (eds.), Kinney Brick Quarry Lagerstatte. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 84: 317 - 358." title="New spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae), from the Carboniferous of New Mexico and England and a review of Paleozoic Araneae" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Kinney Brick Quarry Lagerstatte" year="2021">Selden (2021)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FD06FC11602EDD2F" authorityName="Harger" authorityYear="1874" class="Arachnida" family="Arthrolycosidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arthrolycosidae</taxonomicName>
was characterised as
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FE3BFC366358DD2F" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1892" box="[501,627,1020,1044]" class="Arachnida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Mesothelae">Mesothelae</taxonomicName>
in which the opisthosomal tergites occupy the full width of the opisthosoma and are not set in soft cuticle. By contrast,
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FD4BFBF56185DD43" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeothelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palaeothelidae</taxonomicName>
comprise mesotheles where the opisthosomal tergites are distinct, but do not extend across the full width of the opisthosoma and are set in soft cuticle.
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FD86FB696228DD80" box="[584,771,1187,1211]" class="Arachnida" family="Arthromygalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arthromygalidae</taxonomicName>
were defined as having tarsi with elongate paired claws and an apical empodium (or pseudopulvillus), slender legs and a carapace nearly as wide as long. Based on these criteria, the new fossil is most consistent with
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FDDBFAE263EBDC7B" authorityName="Harger" authorityYear="1874" box="[533,704,1320,1344]" class="Arachnida" family="Arthrolycosidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arthrolycosidae</taxonomicName>
as the tergites appear to occupy the full width of the opisthosoma without any surrounding soft cuticle (
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9FFFD5FDEEFAA16341DCB8" box="[544,618,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[816,845,1015,1036]" captionTargetBox="[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetId="figure-627@1.[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1 Arthrolycosa wolterbeeki sp. nov., the oldest fossil spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany, from the late Carboniferous of Piesberg near Osnabruck, Lower Saxony. a Part. b Counterpart. Scale bar equals 5 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9FFFD5FDB6FAA163AEDCB8" box="[632,645,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[137,166,156,177]" captionTargetBox="[549,1447,161,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-232@2.[544,1451,154,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2 Interpretative camera" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2</figureCitation>
). The carapace proportions characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="5BDBCB92FF9FFFD5FE32FA46639FDC9F" box="[508,692,1420,1444]" class="Arachnida" family="Arthromygalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Arthromygalidae</taxonomicName>
cannot be easily tested against the new fossil as the carapace is missing the anterior margin, but the legs of the Piesberg spider are fairly robust, and the one well-preserved tarsus (
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9FFFD5FF5EF9DB61F1DF12" box="[144,218,1553,1577]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[816,845,1015,1036]" captionTargetBox="[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetId="figure-627@1.[824,1444,154,967]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig.1 Arthrolycosa wolterbeeki sp. nov., the oldest fossil spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from Germany, from the late Carboniferous of Piesberg near Osnabruck, Lower Saxony. a Part. b Counterpart. Scale bar equals 5 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="04E0AC94FF9FFFD5FF26F9DB61DEDF12" box="[232,245,1553,1577]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[137,166,156,177]" captionTargetBox="[549,1447,161,1444]" captionTargetId="figure-232@2.[544,1451,154,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2 Interpretative camera" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2</figureCitation>
) shows no evidence for an empodium associated with the claws.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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