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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7690993" ID-ZooBank="51EE6A05-41C8-44F7-90C9-B785D6788E1B" approvalRequired="5" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="3" checkinTime="1677744808497" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ghosh, Aarini, Jaiswara, Ranjana, Sabharwal, Shagun, Dasoju, Vivek, Bhattacharjee, Anubhab &amp; Rajaraman, Bittu Kaveri" docDate="2023" docId="1461A42815624973EDFAFB36FD3CFE61" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hexacentrus tiddae Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="E858DC50156D4967ED6DFFCEFF87FFB0" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of predatory Genus Hexacentrus (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae) from India, with bioacoustic and morphological characterizations" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="335" pageNumber="350" updateTime="1677745245794" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of three new species of predatory Genus Hexacentrus (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae) from India, with bioacoustic and morphological characterizations</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ghosh, Aarini</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4705-9846</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4705 - 9846</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jaiswara, Ranjana</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2672-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2672 - 3093</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sabharwal, Shagun</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-8828-5781</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Science, NISER, Orissa, 752050, India. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8828 - 5781</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dasoju, Vivek</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-3815-9255</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3815 - 9255</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bhattacharjee, Anubhab</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1088-7157</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1088 - 7157</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rajaraman, Bittu Kaveri</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2435-7015</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India. &amp; Department of Psychology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India. &amp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2435 - 7015</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-02</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>335</mods:start>
<mods:end>356</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.3.2</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7690993</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">51EE6A05-41C8-44F7-90C9-B785D6788E1B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1461A42815624973EDFAFB36FD3CFE61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1461A42815624973EDFAFB36FD3CFE61" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<subSubSection box="[151,997,1271,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,997,1271,1298]" box="[151,997,1271,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,997,1271,1298]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,997,1271,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<taxonomicName authority="Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman" authorityName="Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,896,1271,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,386,1271,1298]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Hexacentrus tiddae</emphasis>
Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[903,997,1272,1298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="350" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,326,1343,1370]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Type Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-07-10" collectionCode="ZSI" country="India" county="Sonipat" elevation="315" latitude="28.946882" location="Aswarpur" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.10144" municipality="Rai" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Haryana" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[331,438,1343,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[447,468,1344,1370]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">J</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[481,572,1343,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<collectingCountry box="[481,568,1343,1369]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">INDIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion box="[577,675,1344,1370]" country="India" name="Haryana" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Haryana</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty box="[684,772,1343,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Sonipat</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[782,824,1343,1369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Rai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1461A42815624973EDFAFB36FD3CFE61:991743E515624968EE52FA8EFC28FAEA" box="[831,943,1344,1370]" country="India" county="Sonipat" latitude="28.946882" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.10144" municipality="Rai" name="Aswarpur" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="Haryana">Aswarpur</location>
, ~
<elevation box="[967,1096,1343,1370]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" unit="m" value="315.0">
<quantity box="[967,1037,1343,1370]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" unit="m" value="315.0">315 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
,
<date box="[1106,1245,1344,1370]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" value="2022-07-10">
<collectingDate box="[1106,1245,1344,1370]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" value="2022-07-10">10.VII.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1255,1431,1344,1372]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" precision="1" seconds="48.78" value="28.946882">28° 56′48.78″N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate box="[151,307,1380,1408]" degrees="77" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" precision="1" seconds="5.19" value="77.10144">77° 6′5.19″ E</geoCoordinate>
, AG_SO2_M1(
<collectionCode box="[488,533,1380,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">ZSI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-07" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Haryana" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[553,655,1380,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Paratype</typeStatus>
—1
<emphasis bold="true" box="[693,714,1380,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">J</emphasis>
, the same information as
<typeStatus box="[1011,1112,1379,1405]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<date box="[1124,1228,1380,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" value="2022-07">
<collectingDate box="[1124,1228,1380,1406]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" value="2022-07">VII-2022</collectingDate>
</date>
ex-AG_SO2_M2, without left forewing (
<collectionCode box="[404,485,1416,1442]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">BNHS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" box="[199,983,1451,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<materialsCitation box="[199,978,1451,1478]" country="India" county="Sonipat" location="Ashoka University" municipality="Aswarpur" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Haryana" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,358,1451,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<typeStatus box="[199,258,1452,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1461A42815624973EDFAFB36FD3CFE61:991743E515624968EC01FA65FDC7FA75" box="[364,576,1451,1477]" country="India" county="Sonipat" municipality="Aswarpur" name="Ashoka University" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" stateProvince="Haryana">Ashoka University</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[586,698,1452,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Aswarpur</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty box="[709,797,1451,1477]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Sonipat</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion box="[809,907,1452,1478]" country="India" name="Haryana" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Haryana</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[917,978,1451,1477]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">India</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,973,1487,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" box="[199,973,1487,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1487,1513]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species is so far only known from its
<typeStatus box="[828,876,1488,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1313,1523,1550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" box="[199,1313,1523,1550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1524,1550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Etymology.</emphasis>
‘tiddae’ in Hindi and Haryanvi refers to
<taxonomicName box="[790,911,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
—it is used for locusts and crickets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,518,1559,1586]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Diagnosis and Description.</emphasis>
The species is similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ghosh, Jaiswara &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[800,913,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashoka">
<emphasis box="[800,913,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">H. ashoka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Farooqi &amp; Usmani" authorityYear="2018" box="[927,1062,1559,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis box="[927,1062,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">H. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1907" box="[1097,1240,1560,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis box="[1097,1117,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1131,1240,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs by the following characters. Body medium size and slender (
<figureCitation box="[749,885,1595,1622]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[202,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hexacentrus tiddae male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Fig. 11A–B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis bold="true" box="[903,974,1596,1622]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Head.</emphasis>
Face longer than wide. Antennae without any short dark rings. Fastigium verticis laterally much more compressed, apically tapering and triangular in dorsal view pointing appearance apically. Scapus cylindrical with slight bulge at apex in dorsal view, scapus almost 3 times as wide as fastigium (
<figureCitation box="[394,575,1703,1730]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[202,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hexacentrus tiddae male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Fig. 11C &amp; 11F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,327,1740,1766]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Pronotum.</emphasis>
Pronotum longer than wide, flat with a slightly upward curved near end, longer than broad and extended posteriorly. Anterior and posterior margins slightly concave; an hourglass-like band covers the whole pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[275,412,1811,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[202,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hexacentrus tiddae male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Fig. 11C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,1343,2018]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,150,573]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,262,1848,1874]" pageId="15" pageNumber="350">Legs.</emphasis>
FI dorsally unarmed and ventrally armed with 18–30 spines on inner and outer margins, 1 apical spine on lateral margin; TI inner tympanum slightly longer than outer tympanum; TI dorsally unarmed and ventrally armed with 6 subapical spurs on each side, both inner and outer margin without spines; FII dorsally unarmed and ventrally armed with 18–22 spines on inner and outer margins, 2 apical spines on the lateral margin; TII dorsally unarmed and ventrally armed with 6 subapical spurs on each side, both inner and outer margin without spines; FIII dorsally unarmed and ventrally armed with 39–52 spines both or inner and outer margin; TIII dorsally armed with 34–36 spines on both inner and outer margins and ventrally armed with 11–14 subapical spurs on both inner and outer margins, one subapical spur in center.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="351" startId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="351">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,292,1943,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="351">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[299,496,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae">
<emphasis box="[299,496,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="351">Hexacentrus tiddae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7691025" box="[152,1232,2014,2038]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="352" startId="17.[152,255,2014,2038]" targetBox="[179,1408,181,1989]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="17.[152,1232,2014,2038]" box="[152,1232,2014,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,293,2014,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="352">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
SEM images of the file structure of
<taxonomicName authority="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman, 2023" authorityName="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[663,860,2014,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[663,860,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="352">Hexacentrus tiddae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[867,948,2014,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="352">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[867,948,2014,2038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in different magnifications.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,359,258,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Male. Wings.</emphasis>
Hindwings almost as long as tegmina, hidden under tegmen; tegmen is long surpassing hind tibiae. Male tegmen are long, broad in middle, and nearly triangular at end. M straight, thick distally, CuP bent distally, space between CuP and CuA shorter than between M and CuA, 1
<superScript attach="left" box="[1025,1036,331,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">st</superScript>
anal vein bearing stridulatory file straight, bent in middle, ventral side with 20–23 teeth (
<figureCitation box="[766,862,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[152,255,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,181,1956]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[189,1399,181,1956]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stridulatory apparatus structure—ventral side of left wing with file and scraper on the dorsal side of right wing (A–B) of H. khasiensis; (C–D) of H. ashoka; (E–F) of H. tiddae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691029/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Fig.14C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[867,896,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[152,255,2014,2038]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[179,1408,181,1990]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. SEM images of the file structure of Hexacentrus tiddae sp. nov. in different magnifications." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,377,402,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Male Genitalia</emphasis>
. Supra-anal plate triangular with a dorsal groove. Little broadened short apex slightly pointed. Cerci cylindrical at base; broad with a tubercle on internal side, then abruptly narrowed to small digitiform apical appendages with strongly incurved apex (
<figureCitation box="[620,714,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[202,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hexacentrus tiddae male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Fig.11E</figureCitation>
). Sub-genital plate elongates with a median longitudinal furrow, lateral ridges well developed, apical margin with prominent ‘V’-shaped bifurcation (
<figureCitation box="[1093,1190,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[202,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hexacentrus tiddae male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Fig.11G</figureCitation>
). Styli slightly thicker at base than at tip, both are diverging from each other, and have the apex is rounded and inward curved (
<figureCitation box="[1288,1424,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-27@16.[202,1385,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Hexacentrus tiddae male: (A–B) Dorsal and Lateral view of the specimen. Scale 5mm, (C) Dorsal view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm, (D) Lateral view of head and pronotum. Scale 5mm (E) Supra-anal plate. Scale 1mm, (F) Face. Scale 5mm, (G–H) Lateral and Dorsal view of subgenital plate. Scale 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Fig. 11G–H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="353" startId="18.[152,244,620,644]">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,620,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,271,620,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Measurements of male and female
<taxonomicName authority="Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman" authorityName="Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[654,1183,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[654,754,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">H. tiddae</emphasis>
Ghosh, Jaiswara, Monaal &amp; Rajaraman
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1194,1280,621,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1194,1280,621,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Abbreviations listed in material and method section. Values in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<table box="[166,1385,697,802]" colsContinueFrom="15.[151,1408,373,792]" gridcols="10" gridrows="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<tr box="[166,1385,697,721]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<th box="[166,347,697,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Males</th>
<th box="[390,434,697,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">BL</th>
<th box="[478,544,697,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">FW_L</th>
<th box="[612,710,697,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">BL_FWL</th>
<th box="[767,799,697,721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">PH</th>
<th box="[861,899,697,721]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">PL</th>
<th box="[959,1009,697,721]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">FI_L</th>
<th box="[1073,1125,697,721]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">TI_L</th>
<th box="[1189,1256,697,721]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">FIII_L</th>
<th box="[1317,1385,697,721]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">TIII_L</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1385,737,761]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<th box="[166,347,737,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,265,737,761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Holotype</emphasis>
</th>
<td box="[390,434,737,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">27</td>
<td box="[478,544,737,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">36</td>
<td box="[612,710,737,761]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">45</td>
<td box="[767,799,737,761]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">3.4</td>
<td box="[861,899,737,761]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">6.5</td>
<td box="[959,1009,737,761]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">6.4</td>
<td box="[1073,1125,737,761]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">7.6</td>
<td box="[1189,1256,737,761]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">16.7</td>
<td box="[1317,1385,737,761]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">16.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[166,1385,777,802]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<th box="[166,347,777,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">M_1 paratype dry</th>
<td box="[390,434,777,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">22.7</td>
<td box="[478,544,777,802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">34</td>
<td box="[612,710,777,802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">42</td>
<td box="[767,799,777,802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">3.3</td>
<td box="[861,899,777,802]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">6.5</td>
<td box="[959,1009,777,802]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">6.5</td>
<td box="[1073,1125,777,802]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">6.7</td>
<td box="[1189,1256,777,802]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">15.1</td>
<td box="[1317,1385,777,802]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">16.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7691027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691027/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="353" startId="18.[152,255,1966,1990]" targetBox="[169,1416,829,1936]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph blockId="18.[151,1436,1966,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,292,1966,1990]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman, 2023" authorityName="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[297,493,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[297,493,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">Hexacentrus tiddae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,577,1966,1990]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[498,577,1966,1990]" pageId="18" pageNumber="353" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(A–C) Oscillogram of the call at various time scales, (D) Spectrogram, and (E) Power spectra of the calling song.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7691029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691029/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="354" startId="19.[152,255,1981,2005]" targetBox="[189,1399,181,1956]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph blockId="19.[151,1436,1981,2041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="354">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,294,1981,2005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="354">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Stridulatory apparatus structure—ventral side of left wing with file and scraper on the dorsal side of right wing (A–B) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[250,385,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khasiensis">
<emphasis box="[250,385,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="354">H. khasiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (C–D) of
<emphasis box="[497,607,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="354">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ghosh, Jaiswara &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[497,602,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashoka">H. ashoka</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
(E–F) of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[707,801,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae">
<emphasis box="[707,801,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="354">H. tiddae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="20.[151,1436,150,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,490,150,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Acoustic measurements.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ghosh &amp; Jaiswara &amp; Sabharwal &amp; Dasoju &amp; Bhattacharjee &amp; Rajaraman" authorityYear="2023" box="[499,719,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiddae">
<emphasis box="[499,719,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Hexacentrus tiddae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
produces a regular amplitude modulated pattern of continuous syllables, alternating between longer, higher amplitude syllables and faster, low amplitude syllables. All syllables have the same broadband spectral structure. The peak frequency is 9.4 ± 3.6 kHz (
<figureCitation box="[1079,1212,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,829,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-307@18.[165,1422,827,1943]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hexacentrus tiddae sp. nov. (A–C) Oscillogram of the call at various time scales, (D) Spectrogram, and (E) Power spectra of the calling song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691027/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Fig. 13D–E</figureCitation>
) and the bandwidth is 40 ± 3.2 kHz (
<figureCitation box="[337,473,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,829,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-307@18.[165,1422,827,1943]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hexacentrus tiddae sp. nov. (A–C) Oscillogram of the call at various time scales, (D) Spectrogram, and (E) Power spectra of the calling song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691027/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Fig. 13D–E</figureCitation>
). The low amplitude syllables last for 0.9 ± 0.4 ms, with a total syllable period of 1.61 ± 0.6 ms (
<figureCitation box="[270,434,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,829,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-307@18.[165,1422,827,1943]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hexacentrus tiddae sp. nov. (A–C) Oscillogram of the call at various time scales, (D) Spectrogram, and (E) Power spectra of the calling song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691027/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Fig. 13B–13C</figureCitation>
), and SRR of 715 ± 156 (n=3 animals, 10 syllables of each kind per animal). The high amplitude syllables occur regularly, separated by an average interval of 846.25 ± 46 ms. The high amplitude syllable duration is 2.33 ± 0.7 ms with a syllable period of 1.71 ± 0.4 ms and SRR of 463 ± 120.2 (
<figureCitation box="[1166,1266,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="18.[152,255,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,829,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-307@18.[165,1422,827,1943]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 13. Hexacentrus tiddae sp. nov. (A–C) Oscillogram of the call at various time scales, (D) Spectrogram, and (E) Power spectra of the calling song." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7691027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7691027/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="355">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
) (n=3 animals, 10 syllables per animal). The juxtaposition of the high amplitude buzzing bursts and the low amplitude background trill sounds almost like two simultaneous callers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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