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<document id="2035C593DF2231BAD85670C2771D65FF" ID-CLB-Dataset="3637" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5676639" ID-GBIF-Dataset="23dac009-8dc4-4021-a812-5f9db538c89c" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676639" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633548419167" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="143F87B3FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFB34F3E8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Herpestidae_0262.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crossarchus alexandri F. G. Cuvier 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="324" masterDocId="E806FFCBFFCCFF8AFF999B1CFF9CFFA7" masterDocTitle="Herpestidae" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="262" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1700280137702" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="4045209145CCB8272EA54557D87E6CD3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8CABB9FAAC12658BB189EF7BA0907094">
<mods:title id="63B07C5E97D8F17D4D60C2AC6CD1D264">Herpestidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="2983476CF3B81505E9D54304B938833E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DC5271A93B8E29B1AB8A81AC81258A1D">
<mods:roleTerm id="88CAE2004149F6F5EF7690FD779BCC1D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="138AC1A0C0B94A7509714F7177BDA2C3">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="C2B8C1D9134CC7CEA60A683E51B1A456">
<mods:roleTerm id="B526641E1343A500A8F70D2967D871EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BDA6892FDEB9CB33D6CE70196C5B5A72">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="400D3C6DC4D4F0D2CE283DF4127BF9BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0ED6BE25195BB9D5F6228BF02C84157A">2009</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="BCBD023BF65B4816D85B03443775C8CB" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="DEFC8B90127BFF02527B294B7196FA07">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="853C55BD53FB93EFAF1E3D66C2119F53">
<mods:placeTerm id="F1A7435DA0901E2B021AF6470EA581A8">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="F44CA80CDEB3709A317A003AA6E4B8DC">
<mods:title id="C7E0C382DCD2A1F1B9F86BC41050683B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:classification id="5169DA4CD32AAE9327CF6DFF1F480B8B">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8A290E951FC189D09297AD5DFF2C5D7A" type="CLB-Dataset">3637</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="99C71DD6B0727BA9424A1948BFB37B4C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5676639</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E0E1C7FBFD13BE1F0F84C1EBD6D107A" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4BD2333922E789E7B2DC469B417B42ED" type="Zenodo-Dep">5676639</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="143F87B3FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFB34F3E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698479" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304251" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:143F87B3FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFB34F3E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/143F87B3FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFB34F3E8" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFF66FAC0" box="[194,250,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFF66FAC0" blockId="19.[191,1181,1345,1426]" box="[194,250,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="C76181C9FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFF66FAC0" box="[194,250,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<figureCitation id="04AD2A20FFDFFF99FF5B9E5DFF66FAC0" box="[194,250,1345,1383]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="18.[147,176,3359,3384]" captionTargetBox="[12,2800,18,3639]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="On following pages: 25. Alexander's Cusimanse (Crossarchus alexandri); 26. Angolan Cusimanse (Crossarchus ansorgel); 27. Common Cusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus); 28. Flat-headed Cusimanse (Crossarchus platycephalus); 29. Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale hirtula); 30. Common Dwarf Mongoose (Helogale parvula); 31. Pousargues’s Mongoose (Dologale dybowskii): 32. Liberian Mongoose (Liberiictis kuhni); 33. Gambian Mongoose (Mungos gambianus); 34. Banded Mongoose (Mungos mungo)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6347115" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6347115/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">25.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FE909E5DFD72FAC0" box="[265,750,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FE909E5DFD72FAC0" blockId="19.[191,1181,1345,1426]" box="[265,750,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="C76181C9FFDFFF99FE909E5DFD72FAC0" box="[265,750,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFDFFF99FE909E5DFD72FAC0" box="[265,750,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FE909E5DFD9CFAC0" bold="true" box="[265,512,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Alexander’s</emphasis>
Cusimanse
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FC9B9E5DFB00FAC0" box="[770,1180,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FC9B9E5DFB00FAC0" blockId="19.[191,1181,1345,1426]" box="[770,1180,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="C76181C9FFDFFF99FC9B9E5DFB00FAC0" box="[770,1180,1345,1383]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFDFFF99FC9B9E5DFB00FAC0" ID-CoL="ZLMM" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[770,1180,1345,1383]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Crossarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FC9B9E5DFB00FAC0" box="[770,1180,1345,1383]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Crossarchus alexandri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF589E64FB1BFA2A" box="[193,1159,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF589E64FB1BFA2A" blockId="19.[191,1181,1345,1426]" box="[193,1159,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<heading id="C76181C9FFDFFF99FF589E64FB1BFA2A" box="[193,1159,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF589E64FE92FA2A" bold="true" box="[193,270,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFDFFF99FE8E9E64FD9BFA2A" box="[279,519,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Mangouste d'Alexander</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FD829E64FDEAFA2A" bold="true" box="[539,630,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFDFFF99FD199E64FCAFFA2A" box="[640,819,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Kongo-Kusimanse</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FCD19E64FC3FFA2A" bold="true" box="[840,931,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="1295468BFFDFFF99FC359E64FB1BFA2A" box="[940,1159,1400,1421]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
Cusimansé del
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FBD19E64FB1BFA2A" box="[1096,1159,1400,1421]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Congo</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FCBE9EA2FBDBF9A5" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FCBE9EA2FBDBF9A5" blockId="19.[807,1395,1470,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FCBE9EA2FC5EFA7C" bold="true" box="[807,962,1470,1499]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFDFFF99FC4E9EA2FBDEF9A5" ID-CoL="ZLMM" authority="Thomas &amp; Wroughton, 1907" authorityName="Thomas &amp; Wroughton" authorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Crossarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandri">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FC4E9EA2FB6FFA7C" box="[983,1267,1470,1499]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Crossarchus alexandri</emphasis>
Thomas &amp; Wroughton, 1907
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FBCC9EFDFAC1F98D" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FBCC9EFDFAC1F98D" blockId="19.[807,1395,1470,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<materialsCitation id="2CFE3CF8FFDFFF99FBCC9EFDFAC1F98D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3699972309" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
Ubangi,
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FB569EFDFBFBF98D" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
(formerly
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FA9B9D11FACCF98D" box="[1282,1360,1549,1578]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Zaire</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FCB19D33FB87F89A" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FCB19D33FB87F89A" blockId="19.[807,1395,1470,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
Two subspecies were recognized by Goldman in 1984, who proposed
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FB489D47FA81F9DF" box="[1233,1309,1627,1656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">minor</emphasis>
as restricted to eastern
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FBA19D62FB52F938" box="[1080,1230,1662,1695]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FA869D62FCD0F960" name="Uganda" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Uganda</collectingCountry>
. However, subsequent research has discounted the subspecies status of this population and returned this species to monotypic status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FCB19C5FFAAFF8C3" box="[808,1331,1859,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="distribution">
<caption id="C8E9662DFFDFFF99FCB19C5FFAAFF8C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5676691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5676691" box="[808,1331,1859,1892]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5676691/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" targetBox="[192,777,1481,1890]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FCB19C5FFAAFF8C3" blockId="19.[807,1395,1470,1892]" box="[808,1331,1859,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FCB19C5FFC44F8C3" bold="true" box="[808,984,1859,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FC7D9C5FFBEBF8C3" box="[996,1143,1859,1892]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FB269C5FFAB3F8C3" box="[1215,1327,1859,1892]" name="Uganda" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Uganda</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF589C77FE5AF6C2" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="description">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF589C77FE5AF6C2" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF589C77FE5DF82B" bold="true" box="[193,449,1899,1932]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 35-44 cm, tail 22.5-31.
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFDFFF99FC429C77FBB4F82B" box="[987,1064,1899,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
, hindfoot 7.5-9.
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFDFFF99FAB99C77FAF7F82B" box="[1312,1387,1899,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
, ear 1.9-2.
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFDFFF99FED79C8FFE0BF813" box="[334,407,1939,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
; weight 1-2 kg. Largest member of the genus
<taxonomicName id="5B964D26FFDFFF99FBAE9C8FFB50F813" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[1079,1228,1939,1972]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Crossarchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FBAE9C8FFB50F813" box="[1079,1228,1939,1972]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Crossarchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dark thick shaggy fur. Crest from head to tail (6-8 cm long between neck whorls). Conspicuous whorls of hair present on neck. Dorsal guard hairs 40-50 mm, gradually lengthening from nape to rump. Crest and whorl hair length similar to surrounding guard hairs. Snout-like nose is longest of the cusimanses (rostrum 34-36% of condylobasal length). Face has short fur. Five digits on foreand hindfeet. Well-developed claws on forefeet. Ectotympanic bullae inflated less than entotympanic bullae. Alexander's Cusimanse is sympatric with the subspecies
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FCBE93B6FC3CF760" box="[807,928,2218,2247]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">nigricolor</emphasis>
of the Angolan Cusimanse in the
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FF5A93D1FEC5F749" box="[195,345,2253,2286]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
, but is larger (head-body more than 36-4 cm, condylobasal more than
<quantity id="5B6E9B40FFDFFF99FACD93D1FF67F6B2" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="74.0">74 mm</quantity>
, post-dental palate length subequal to width). Condylobasal 74-81-1 mm. Rostrum 25-7-31-9 mm. Zygomatic breadth 35-4-43-4 mm. Dental formula: 13/3, C 1/1, P3/3,M2/2=236.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5B9276FABDF67D" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5B9276FABDF67D" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF5B9276FEADF62C" bold="true" box="[194,305,2410,2443]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Habitat.</emphasis>
Lowland and montane rainforest, damp valley bottoms, and seasonally flooded swamp forest. Said to utilize cultivated and inhabited land (in contrast to Angolan Cusimanse). Relict population believed to live on Mount Elgon (1500-2900 m).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5B92FCFE02F5F6" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5B92FCFE02F5F6" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF5B92FCFE4EF5A6" bold="true" box="[194,466,2528,2561]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Believed to feed on invertebrates and vertebrates of the forest floor and in rotting logs, feeding mainly on earthworms, slugs, snails, and beetles, with some fruit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF58914AFDD7F538" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="activity">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF58914AFDD7F538" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF58914AFE31F5D0" bold="true" box="[193,429,2646,2679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Believed to be diurnal, although reports of at least some nocturnal activity at
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFDFFF99FED7919EFE16F538" box="[334,394,2690,2719]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Sud-Kivu" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Kivu</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FE38919EFDA1F538" box="[417,573,2690,2719]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5A91B5FD1FF4B2" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5A91B5FD1FF4B2" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF5A91B5FCE5F561" bold="true" box="[195,889,2729,2758]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Social. Up to 20 animals in a group. Groups believed to rove, with no fixed dens. Contact calls with grunts and twitters whilst foraging. Will climb trees.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5A9003FDABF49B" box="[195,567,2847,2876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5A9003FDABF49B" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" box="[195,567,2847,2876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF5A9003FED5F49B" bold="true" box="[195,329,2847,2876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Breeding.</emphasis>
Nothing known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5D905AFDB3F3A6" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5D905AFDB3F3A6" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF5D905AFDB8F4C4" bold="true" box="[196,548,2886,2915]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Not CITES listed. Classified as Least Concern in
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FB6A905AFEACF42D" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">The IUCN Red List</emphasis>
. Not endangered, with the exception of a relict population on Mount Elgon (possibly threatened by hunting). Heavily hunted for bushmeat in the
<collectingCountry id="E4817635FFDFFF99FB4D908DFAF2F415" box="[1236,1390,2961,2994]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
. Very little is known about this species and scientific studies, particularly on ecology and behavior, are needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D48C652EFFDFFF99FF5C9712FB34F3E8" pageId="19" pageNumber="324" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="9C2936A5FFDFFF99FF5C9712FB34F3E8" blockId="19.[192,1402,1899,3151]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FF5C9712FEC2F380" bold="true" box="[197,350,3086,3111]" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Coetzee (1977), Colyn &amp;
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFDFFF99FDED9712FD06F380" box="[628,666,3086,3111]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Van</collectingRegion>
Rompaey (1990, 1994a), Colyn
<emphasis id="AEE2EAB7FFDFFF99FC6E9712FB90F380" box="[1015,1036,3086,3111]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">et</emphasis>
al. (1987), Ewer (1973), Goldman (1984, 1987), Kingdon (1997),
<collectingRegion id="5E52F847FFDFFF99FD96972AFDA9F3E8" box="[527,565,3126,3151]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="19" pageNumber="324">Van</collectingRegion>
Rompaey &amp; Colyn (1992, In press b), Wozencraft (2005).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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