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182 lines
20 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-205-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" ModsDocID="1314-2003-205-99" checkinTime="1661230211668" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="O'Donnell, Shawn A., Ringelberg, Jens J. & Lewis, Gwilym P." docDate="2022" docId="12EC600F017052B29DF9DC209D87B07E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 205: 99-145" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 205" docPubDate="2022-08-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790" docTitle="Entada africana Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 233. 1832." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E" masterDocTitle="Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1661230211668" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>O'Donnell, Shawn A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0731-7425</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE 1 8 ST, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shawn.odonnell@cantab.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ringelberg, Jens J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-5210</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lewis, Gwilym P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4577</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW 9 3 AE, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>205</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>145</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-205-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4024A478048757B197E5CF8734331A9E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12EC600F017052B29DF9DC209D87B07E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12EC600F017052B29DF9DC209D87B07E" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="12EC600F-0170-52B2-9DF9-DC209D87B07E" authority="Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 233. 1832." authorityName="Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 233. 1832." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada africana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">Entada africana Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 233. 1832.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada ubanguiensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubanguiensis">= Entada ubanguiensis</taxonomicName>
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De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. 3: 88. 1925.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada sudanica" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sudanica">= Entada sudanica</taxonomicName>
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Schweinf., Reliq. Kotschy.: 8. 1968.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Types</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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(fide
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<bibRefCitation author="Brenan, JPM" editor="Brenan, JPM" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="9 - 19" refId="B10" refString="Brenan, JPM, 1959. 2. Entada. In: Brenan, JPM, Ed., Leguminosae (Part 1), subfamily Mimosoideae, Flora of Tropical East Africa. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London: 9 - 19" title="2. Entada." volumeTitle="Leguminosae (Part 1), subfamily Mimosoideae, Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1959">Brenan 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 12).
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</emphasis>
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SENEGAL.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tiélimane">Tielimane</normalizedToken>
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, Cayor,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Leprieur</emphasis>
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(syntype: G; photo: K); GAMBIA. Albreda,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G.S. Perrottet 290</emphasis>
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(isosyntypes: BM [BM000842201], G; photo: K).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Shrub to small tree, 1.2-10 m tall, bark very rough (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Entada africana habit, vegetative and reproductive structures. A small tree, Burkina Faso (photo: A Gockele, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) B spiciform racemes both pre- and post-anthesis, Cote d'Ivoire (photo: S Porembski, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C open, pedicellate flowers, Mali (photo: P Birnbaum, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) D mature fruits at varying ripeness, Burkina Faso (photo: Marco Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a))." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732702" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Leaves</emphasis>
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: variable, rachis 5.3-30 cm long, tendrils absent; pinnae 2-10 pairs per leaf, each pinna 7.1-17 cm long, with 10-24 pairs of leaflets; leaflets 1-3.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.32-0.85 cm, linear-oblong to elliptic- or obovate-oblong, apex rounded, base obtuse to oblique, mid-rib sub-central above base, lamina glabrous to slightly puberulous.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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: a 6.5-15 cm long, spiciform raceme, either solitary or in groups of up to 4 inserted in a supra-axillary position, peduncle and rachis usually glabrous, rarely pubescent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Entada africana habit, vegetative and reproductive structures. A small tree, Burkina Faso (photo: A Gockele, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) B spiciform racemes both pre- and post-anthesis, Cote d'Ivoire (photo: S Porembski, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C open, pedicellate flowers, Mali (photo: P Birnbaum, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) D mature fruits at varying ripeness, Burkina Faso (photo: Marco Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a))." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732702" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7B</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Flowers</emphasis>
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: yellow to white, sweetly scented, pedicels 1(-1.5) mm long; calyx 0.75-1.25 mm, shallowly toothed, glabrous; petals 1.5-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Entada africana habit, vegetative and reproductive structures. A small tree, Burkina Faso (photo: A Gockele, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) B spiciform racemes both pre- and post-anthesis, Cote d'Ivoire (photo: S Porembski, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C open, pedicellate flowers, Mali (photo: P Birnbaum, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) D mature fruits at varying ripeness, Burkina Faso (photo: Marco Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a))." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732702" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7C</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fruit</emphasis>
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: a torulose, laterally compressed, almost straight craspedium, 38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7.3 cm; with transverse septa between seeds dividing the fruit into one-seeded segments which, upon ripening, fall from the persistent replum; segments distinctly umbonate over seeds (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genus-wide variation in morphological characters. A-D habit A large woody liana, E. rheedei (photo: B Wursten, Hyde et al. (2021)) B small tree, E. abyssinica (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C shrub, E. burkei (photo: M Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a, b )) D geoxylic suffrutex, E. dolichorrhachis (photo: M Bingham, Bingham et al. (2021)) E, F leaves E bipinnate leaf with few pinnae, few large leaflets and ending in a bifurcating tendril, E. rheedei (photo: AP Balan, Balan and Predeep (2021)) F bipinnate leaf with many pinnae, many small leaflets and no tendril, E. rangei (photo: A Dreyer, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) G-I inflorescences G terminal panicle of up-turned spikes, E. polyphylla (photo: R Vasquez Martinez, CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, MBG (2021)) H axillary fascicles of spiciform racemes, E. goetzei (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) I short spiciform raceme of dark red flowers, E. wahlbergii (photo: R Mangelsdorff, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) J-M fruits J immature, weakly falcate, segmented craspedium up to 2 m long, E. rheedei (photo: photographer unknown, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), 2000) K immature, segmented, laxly spiralled craspedium up to 120 cm long, E. gigas (photo: R Aguilar CC BY-NC-SA 2.0, Aguilar (2021)) L ripe segmented craspedia breaking up into one-seeded segments with exfoliating epicarp, E. africana (photo: B Eichhorn, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) M ripe unsegmented craspedium, the entire valve breaking away from the persistent replum, E. burkei (photo: M Kriek CC BY-SA 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 85675968) N, O seeds N one-seeded endocarp segment and small ovoid, flattened seed with elliptic pleurogram, E. africana (photo: B Eichhorn, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) O ripe one-seeded fruit segments with large circular, laterally compressed seeds lacking a pleurogram, E. gigas (photo: J Stevens, Dressler et al. (2014 a)). Scale bars: 1 cm (N, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732697" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Entada africana habit, vegetative and reproductive structures. A small tree, Burkina Faso (photo: A Gockele, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) B spiciform racemes both pre- and post-anthesis, Cote d'Ivoire (photo: S Porembski, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C open, pedicellate flowers, Mali (photo: P Birnbaum, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) D mature fruits at varying ripeness, Burkina Faso (photo: Marco Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a))." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732702" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7D</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Seeds</emphasis>
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: ovoid, 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.9-1 cm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Genus-wide variation in morphological characters. A-D habit A large woody liana, E. rheedei (photo: B Wursten, Hyde et al. (2021)) B small tree, E. abyssinica (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) C shrub, E. burkei (photo: M Schmidt, Dressler et al. (2014 a, b )) D geoxylic suffrutex, E. dolichorrhachis (photo: M Bingham, Bingham et al. (2021)) E, F leaves E bipinnate leaf with few pinnae, few large leaflets and ending in a bifurcating tendril, E. rheedei (photo: AP Balan, Balan and Predeep (2021)) F bipinnate leaf with many pinnae, many small leaflets and no tendril, E. rangei (photo: A Dreyer, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) G-I inflorescences G terminal panicle of up-turned spikes, E. polyphylla (photo: R Vasquez Martinez, CC BY-NC-SA 3.0, MBG (2021)) H axillary fascicles of spiciform racemes, E. goetzei (photo: G Baumann, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) I short spiciform raceme of dark red flowers, E. wahlbergii (photo: R Mangelsdorff, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) J-M fruits J immature, weakly falcate, segmented craspedium up to 2 m long, E. rheedei (photo: photographer unknown, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), 2000) K immature, segmented, laxly spiralled craspedium up to 120 cm long, E. gigas (photo: R Aguilar CC BY-NC-SA 2.0, Aguilar (2021)) L ripe segmented craspedia breaking up into one-seeded segments with exfoliating epicarp, E. africana (photo: B Eichhorn, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) M ripe unsegmented craspedium, the entire valve breaking away from the persistent replum, E. burkei (photo: M Kriek CC BY-SA 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 85675968) N, O seeds N one-seeded endocarp segment and small ovoid, flattened seed with elliptic pleurogram, E. africana (photo: B Eichhorn, Dressler et al. (2014 a)) O ripe one-seeded fruit segments with large circular, laterally compressed seeds lacking a pleurogram, E. gigas (photo: J Stevens, Dressler et al. (2014 a)). Scale bars: 1 cm (N, O)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732697" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2N</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.205.76790.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/732702" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Entada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Entada africana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Entada africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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habit, vegetative and reproductive structures.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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small tree, Burkina Faso (photo: A Gockele,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dressler, S" journalOrPublisher="Acacia), Caesalpiniaceae. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" refId="B20" refString="Dressler, S, Schmidt, M, Zizka, G, 2014a. (continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" title="(continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main, Germany." url="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" year="2014 a">Dressler et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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spiciform racemes both pre- and post-anthesis,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Côte">Cote</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ivoire">d'Ivoire</normalizedToken>
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(photo: S Porembski,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dressler, S" journalOrPublisher="Acacia), Caesalpiniaceae. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" refId="B20" refString="Dressler, S, Schmidt, M, Zizka, G, 2014a. (continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" title="(continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main, Germany." url="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" year="2014 a">Dressler et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
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open, pedicellate flowers, Mali (photo: P Birnbaum,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dressler, S" journalOrPublisher="Acacia), Caesalpiniaceae. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" refId="B20" refString="Dressler, S, Schmidt, M, Zizka, G, 2014a. (continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" title="(continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main, Germany." url="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" year="2014 a">Dressler et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
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mature fruits at varying ripeness, Burkina Faso (photo: Marco Schmidt,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dressler, S" journalOrPublisher="Acacia), Caesalpiniaceae. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" refId="B20" refString="Dressler, S, Schmidt, M, Zizka, G, 2014a. (continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" title="(continuously updated) African Plants - A Photo Guide. Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main, Germany." url="www.africanplants.senckenberg.de" year="2014 a">Dressler et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Throughout tropical sub-Saharan Africa, north of the equator.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Savannah grasslands and woodland, often in association with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Terminalia</emphasis>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Combretum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Combretum" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Combretum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Loefl.,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Philenoptera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Philenoptera laxiflora" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxiflora">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Philenoptera laxiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Guill. & Perr.) Roberty and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterocarpus lucens" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pterocarpus lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lungu, S" journalOrPublisher="Kew Publishing, Richmond" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B34" refString="Lungu, S, 1995. Systematics and economic botany of the genus Entada Adans. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, United Kingdom." title="Systematics and economic botany of the genus Entada Adans. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, United Kingdom." year="1995">Lungu 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 35).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |