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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1189-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9CB018B9E4D3586DB83ED2D956E86983" ID-ZooBank="FF5E2B3943DB497EB546587BD91F794B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1189-83" checkinTime="1705458508311" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Griebenow, Zachary" docDate="2024" docId="12BA0053DED95412AFD9D04006C3278D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1189: 83-184" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1189" docPubDate="2024-01-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506" docTitle="Leptanilla bethyloides Griebenow 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5955A34E-6467-442B-8A30-4FD9F24FCB8D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="9CB018B9E4D3586DB83ED2D956E86983" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="9CB018B9E4D3586DB83ED2D956E86983" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1705458508311" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="DC786F264EC0084792C1B8F3E2FA3D1D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2760CA2FA1DD90484731A1502F6EE7C1">
<mods:title id="62B0CD608E8AD815D6AE4770BBD9CACF">Systematic revision of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E74E4A5B894B1DD6F9AB7ABE084488C2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F107069D8C9D8F860EFA9288707F93B2">
<mods:roleTerm id="0A4F63D7721B14325B01C46BDFA0D851">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9B09D79104FD6AD7B7752FEB10B54EC1">Griebenow, Zachary</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EC6D4FAC2B506DAFD4DCAD7BEE4831AA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3385-8479</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6455ECB00D85A5D363322E83905D8D1E">Department of Entomology &amp; Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA USA &amp; Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F28FEE1EB6492073F376E330CEFCB023" type="email">zachary.griebenow@colostate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="58EA78F3D46CDD1C0FFB1F334BB90D37">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B87EE49BAA1EBC1EB48583446EE8DAAB">2024-01-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C5694480AA1A628D200AE0B653465C5E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="427B4B9596FDF8C94C149F9582B88F1C">1189</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D99C1C64FBF033E4ACCFD71610AE7E7E">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C517BE831F306C365801A14C8224019F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E41069B88368B875FDB5D14C7636EF33" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="12BA0053DED95412AFD9D04006C3278D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5955A34E-6467-442B-8A30-4FD9F24FCB8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12BA0053DED95412AFD9D04006C3278D" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="2C07FF2ACE3FEB39D36F689DF23B509E" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="63B75164348D678132A0616B2F37AA01" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="8BDB2B1ECB8416ADDE44A567F6F448AA" LSID="https://zoobank.org/5955A34E-6467-442B-8A30-4FD9F24FCB8D" authority="Griebenow, 2024" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides" status="sp. nov.">Leptanilla bethyloides</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E9A3CF86743C7410E935798CDAF16CD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4AC6E1AF19610D53CF291A251D530C84" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="96193E19363F7CE56C40D23EDEC4CBB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<figureCitation id="76975B2D44D6B34EAE028AA0E1C2BC49" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Leptanilla bethyloides, holotype (CASENT 0842864), male A profile view B dorsal view C full-face view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, C); 0.5 mm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968311" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figs 11A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="44155CF25C82103A73B015290938243C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Wings of Leptanilla bethyloides (CASENT 0842865), male. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968312" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6FF55074F1DCFE4408B96B229E96A431" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="type material">
<paragraph id="DBF630BCF3F7849EE3AB4D9308933DCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35CF8DE7D1A8BA354FF063D374B0920B" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="FFCA89F02AA0D966C01D52DFF51C4A2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="73464EE2F68A135DA6273D1657BF7B6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
China - Hong Kong • 1 male; Tai Po Kau;
<geoCoordinate id="E0940C3A229925EF9A3D53CBEF6F82E2" degrees="22.44" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="22.44">22.44°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="57DD09A6C2D4877AB21BDABC60009361" degrees="114.18" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="114.18">114.18°E</geoCoordinate>
(estimated from Google Earth to nearest minute), 15 Jun. 1964; W. J. Voss and W. M. Hui leg.; CASENT0842864. BPBM.
<emphasis id="965877003548030CAA22E611AFDCE690" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="7B3FBD9D27A18C37D958207AB9A99B85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Paratype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
China - Hong Kong • 1 male; same locality as for preceding; 2-6 Jul. 1964; L. K. and H. W. Ming leg.; light trap; CASENT0842865. BPBM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0E48C9510CE457B7342670E86F02A045" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="C227E6CBD01AEC5A0472D1F3FB02743D" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Measurements (mm) and indices, male.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41B2A87148A324012121D10DC115D3E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="6BF56A2BA65BB85F9F2C8A7D0677949A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Holotype</emphasis>
: HW = 0.27; HL = 0.32; SL = 0.10; LF2 = 0.04; EL = 0.11; EW = 0.12; WL = 0.59; MSL = 0.35; MSW = 0.23; PTW = 0.25; PTL = 0.10; PTH = 0.13; REL = 34; SI = 36; CI = 244; OI = 113; MSI = 152.38; PI = 247.52.
<emphasis id="C5BBC9B3D2996358EC653558DC6D1164" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Paratype</emphasis>
: HW = 0.25; HL = 0.30; SL = 0.08; LF2 = 0.04; EL = 0.11; EW = 0.12; WL = 0.53; MSL = 0.31; MSW = 0.22; PTH = 0.12; REL = 35; SI = 32; CI = 219; OI = 110; MSI = 139
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11915B7C7EDB36CA404E76BBADC876FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A9DD2542B82E193B38F11D39EC6F0C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="453F691AEDD4916AC00FB7C7BF94368B" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
Cranial outline quadrate. Occiput emarginate in full-face view. Frons not produced into anterior shelf. Mandible articulated to gena; broader than long. Mandalus large, covering entire anterodorsal mandibular surface. Maxillary palp 1-merous. Clypeus anteroposteriorly reduced, not discernible in full-face view. Anterior tentorial pits not discernible. Compound eyes wider than long in profile view (OI = 110-112), posterior margin slightly emarginate, all other margins convex. Anteromedian ocellus and compound eyes not intersecting line drawn perpendicular to anteroposterior axis of cranium. Scape anteroposteriorly compressed, longer than wide (SL = 0.081-0.095 mm), shorter than anteroposterior length of compound eye; pedicel short, subcylindrical, lateral margins parallel, length 0.5
<normalizedToken id="D215E26241B956C78C102011F28CC506" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
that of scape; antennomere 3 short (LF2 = 0.037-0.039 mm), subcylindrical, length subequal to that of pedicel; flagellum submoniliform, not extending posterior to mesoscutum if folded flat over mesosoma. Pronotum and mesoscutum posteriorly prolonged. In profile view anterodorsal pronotal face diagonal to craniocaudal axis at ~45° angle, but profile of pronotum otherwise obscured by vestiture. Mesoscutal dorsum slightly convex; mesoscutum longer than broad (MSI = 139-152). Antero-admedian signum absent. Notauli absent. Parapsidal signa present, impressed. Mesoscutellum longer than tall, dorsum not lower than that of mesoscutum, posterodorsal mesoscutellar face convex, posteriorly produced, not recurved. Oblique mesopleural sulcus present, not intersecting metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleuron distinct, transected by transverse sulcus. Metapleural gland absent. Propodeum convex in profile view, without distinct dorsal and posterior faces. Pro- and metacoxa subequal in length, metacoxa somewhat more massive; mesocoxa shorter than pro- and metacoxa. Protrochanters sphenoid in outline, distally truncate. Profemur not markedly constricted at base, anteroposteriorly compressed, incrassate; acute distal flange on posterior surface absent; arcuate medial carina absent. Protibial and profemoral length subequal; protibia not dorsoventrally compressed, without ventromedian carina; protibial comb absent; probasitarsal seta not hypertrophied. Meso- and metatibial spur formula 2b,2(1b,1p). C and Sc+R+Rs fused, tubular;
<emphasis id="856DEA23F7D871284E3520A2CA7E49AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">2s-rs</emphasis>
+R+4-6 and M+Cu tubular; all other venation absent. Costal infuscation absent. Abdominal segment II anteroposteriorly compressed, broader than long in dorsal view excluding presclerites; dorsal node present, well-developed; with median dorsal excavation. Abdominal sternite II without process, planar in profile view. Presclerites of abdominal segments IV-VIII inconspicuous. Abdominal segments III-VII without tergosternal fusion. Tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment VIII-IX unknown. Abdominal tergites III-VIII not anteroposteriorly compressed, lateral margins subparallel; breadth of abdominal tergite VIII subequal to that of abdominal tergite VII in posterodorsal view. Abdominal sternite VIII anteroposteriorly compressed, visible without dissection, posterior margin entire. Abdominal sternite IX not visible without dissection. Mulceators absent. Gonopodites articulate. Gonocoxites without complete dorsomedian and ventromedian fusion; ventromedial margin of gonocoxite with lamina; apicoventral laminae absent. Gonostylus present, outline lanceolate, apex entire. Volsellae absent. Penial sclerites dorsoventrally compressed, not basally recurved, ventromedian carina extending along most of length, without lateral laminate margins. Phallotreme dorsal, concealed by gonostyli in available specimens. Somal sclerites with thick vestiture of decumbent to suberect setae, sparsest on meso- and metapleuron; setae appressed to decumbent on antennae and legs; gonostyli with similar vestiture to abdominal postsclerites, genitalia otherwise glabrous. Base of forewing costa bearing row of exceptionally long, suberect setae. Cuticle bearing piligerous punctae; sculpture otherwise absent.
</paragraph>
<caption id="14594719FC655E84724735904760395B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968311" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="151B124234798B4B8BC7570FD9BFDBC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="9BF76FD0CF604483B3F54AB609CAA077" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3143B4148CE563419B4BC11BC28B32CF" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="0374FEC7A59AAC1C4A52429D87B7ACCF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype (CASENT0842864), male
<emphasis id="149B373B958C5086B88E1211D9F4BB3C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A</emphasis>
profile view
<emphasis id="23A4108A1842B14856A76AFE65A0AF1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">B</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="2720E3AB36BD4ED20D84FD55F25FF0B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">C</emphasis>
full-face view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="7F9B8E2D2D98F6993CA76AB7D8095D13" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A, C</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="6C167E054C973275D633EA89F71A4CD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67003B582A2DE5DD501A0D10BDE4200E" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9DD549F808774CE7AF6952D0E1CE70F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60E17F015A0881FCA14CE0270E2B3613" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
The specific epithet refers to the gestalt of this ant, which resembles that of the flat wasps (
<taxonomicName id="D6DF581E0D18A262A7B4DA5AC6530553" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Chrysidoidea">Chrysidoidea</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4645C7D169183A4DDA2168B06E6CE4BB" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
). While superficial, this resemblance was pronounced enough that the holotype and paratype of
<taxonomicName id="5A1B4EEEEF19591033D8B3944502BDF3" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="09B567D369B29C9B64CC39208DFAD06F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were initially mis-sorted to
<taxonomicName id="9820649BA923F5AC9D9E0336828F2ACB" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
incertae sedis at the Bishop Museum. The specific epithet is neuter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED921172B2CDBD51C07ED14684404945" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1189.107506.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968312" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="94CCA577AC0C00A41D557EED73384610" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="947307EE7B1203CC98DD7A33B6AAB80C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Wings of
<taxonomicName id="AFC896AF5D23A59A06FD01D3B2D2E9AA" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="C4DB696E8646A2C4C7348068128F5320" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CASENT0842865), male. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="87838C4B92B0EA02E7A285152ABE2370" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="984E2600664FBEC06A14B524E05852F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC8855D64966B56F4FAF2DCAC3D08704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
Among the
<taxonomicName id="ACB1959F3ECBB991B2B0194F6CF3C6DC" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="F91A725A158F83D345F27531C4F25C08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, of which this is the only described species,
<taxonomicName id="2E8F34B388ADA9BDB28AD94D3BB5DB8B" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="DE1970291365F52C831E40C9D845F967" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles multiple undescribed morphospecies from southern Burma, differing in larger size (WL = 0.532-0.594 mm) and the proportions of the metasomal segments. Describing a new species of
<taxonomicName id="DA7F21BBDE78AA0682E0A554DC91BA57" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="095A0EA5AEF0D847E4A36C66244E1E05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based solely upon male specimens, as here done for
<taxonomicName id="824071264FBC0FDD90F169E76448821D" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="3EA503EC173516C913C44927670D6E32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was eloquently argued against by
<bibRefCitation id="64E696AC256B19CDE0E95C405CA0A146" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00063.x" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="267 - 282" refId="B13" refString="Bolton, B, 1990b. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 15 (3): 267 - 282, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00063.x" title="The higher classification of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00063.x" volume="15" year="1990 b">Bolton (1990b)</bibRefCitation>
, since it exacerbates the probable redundancy that plagues the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="92D492ADB412DBE3A4ABB4072208E1E9" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6C086325A82E39C846CF5C3CC630DA24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This description of
<taxonomicName id="44C4F814A153C3744A809AE981B987D8" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="56D9A8B02B522EB439C5835D042B85EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is justified only to give a formal species group name (i.e., the
<taxonomicName id="CD61203B97B37B438BE17A79D03C9844" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="67E7F0200A24311CF5CDE2A820C2893E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group) to a major clade of
<taxonomicName id="1AABB29069221EFB8591D9FCC5AD8ED0" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="083E9164965835B2B71627F43DBDD5C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known only from male specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B0BC8C6E6B0AEC4005FD4CDF31F63C54" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
The volsellae are known to be wholly lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4F486B92D396672F550EF5808A8A7D44" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="888EC4BE76397A5CE834AFFFA46ADC25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
zhg-mm03 (
<bibRefCitation id="CDACE18AA001B38A17D6A9E17CBCE3CE" author="Griebenow, ZH" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" refId="B46" refString="Griebenow, ZH, Richter, AK, van de Kamp, T, Economo, EP, Lieberman, ZE, in press. Comparative morphology of male genital skeletomusculature in the Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a standardized muscular terminology for the male genitalia of Hymenoptera. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny." title="Comparative morphology of male genital skeletomusculature in the Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a standardized muscular terminology for the male genitalia of Hymenoptera. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny." year="in press">Griebenow et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
), which shows very close morphological affinity to
<taxonomicName id="7EC26120A4F30FA78BD9FD8A76D0E8DB" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="E6D450E4B177B366531FD0A812C20900" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; therefore, I infer the absence of the volsellae in this species. The condition of the volsellae cannot be assessed in any other representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="39846B5A3BE15CCE3996F3938DE9FC43" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="24125A9A71B635ABD111C827B31827B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group besides
<taxonomicName id="41DE0274D99E9E19AF314B7CDBA286AF" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A31B094C74257DBC936CD14BD4CAF217" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
zhg-mm03. Given the relative lack of phylogenetic signal in the worker phenotype of
<taxonomicName id="104B80A8AC0E940D8599DCB3E5F64D6A" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="849D34784FFA87DF94E745A4CFE64914" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the scarcity of species in which the worker caste and phylogenetic position are both known, it is difficult to predict the morphology of the unknown worker of
<taxonomicName id="C0A39604036549337838C3809E32D2D3" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="6F6D59610541EA84B71821062D18C430" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or other members of the
<taxonomicName id="E5A27E79F45BABE1F4B1F45C73011A4D" authorityName="Griebenow" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla bethyloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bethyloides">
<emphasis id="808462AFAEFAADAFF946930FA0083733" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla bethyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, beyond a probable 1,1 palpal formula. It is conceivable that
<taxonomicName id="B0E821A18DEAF4B8DA4F9F6476D43D97" authorityName="Leong, Yamane &amp; Guénard" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla macauensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macauensis">
<emphasis id="AB1A89FDBD995F3CF7222C3C6EE60723" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla macauensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Leong, Yamane &amp;
<normalizedToken id="947BCCDD1E142FD39FF4FDD27213072A" originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
, 2018 represents this worker, although unlikely, given the conformity of
<taxonomicName id="A392C98D1044014B61D282B8C5308BD9" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. macauensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="macauensis">
<emphasis id="83064DAD087383B2CDF5B95A7F36783A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">L. macauensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the worker diagnosis for the
<taxonomicName id="890BE7F8D012E9E1595AE05F0F0F1BD3" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptanilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptanilla revelierii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="revelierii">
<emphasis id="FFF4EF793EE6A5172AEBC06A053B506D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leptanilla revelierii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, where it is placed in this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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