233 lines
27 KiB
XML
233 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f45c1ebe-039d-4180-bfd0-a9d772f72281" ID-PMC="PMC4086027" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-413-1" ID-PubMed="25009414" ID-ZBK="5791CE9C1CC0472095838A585DA79446" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-413-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 413" ModsDocTitle="The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups" checkinTime="1451245833965" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hita Garcia, Francisco & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2014" docId="125897B99195B6464EAB06CA8C221E09" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 413: 1-170" docOrigin="ZooKeys 413" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172" docTitle="Tetramorium rala Hita Garcia & Fisher, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="60FD1630-6771-49E0-8C47-4FFCE28FA02C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFFAFFE7FFB3C93AB161C804401EFFC2" masterDocTitle="The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1668158573061" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hita Garcia, Francisco</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>413</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>170</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.413.7172</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-413-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">5791CE9C1CC0472095838A585DA79446</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5791CE9C1CC0472095838A585DA79446</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152053320" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60FD1630-6771-49E0-8C47-4FFCE28FA02C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/125897B99195B6464EAB06CA8C221E09" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/60FD1630-6771-49E0-8C47-4FFCE28FA02C" authority="Hita Garcia & Fisher" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala Hita Garcia & Fisher</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="96" pageNumber="97">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 43A, 55, 65
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Holotype, pinned worker, MADAGASCAR, Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.43667">14.43667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.775">49.775°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m, rainforest, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), collection code BLF08722, 12.-15.XI.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.) (CAS: CASENT0046163). Paratypes, five pinned workers with same data as holotype (BMNH: CASENT0046035; CAS: CASENT0045975; CASENT0046039; CASENT0046049; MCZ: CASENT0046176); and nine pinned workers with same data as holotype except sampled from rotten log and collection code BLF08772 (CAS: CASENT0077304; CASENT0077305; CASENT0077306).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figure 55.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype worker (CASENT0046163). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="non-type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Non-type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana, Cap Masoala, 19 km W Andampibe,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.69361">15.69361°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="50.18167">50.18167°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 125 m, lowland rainforest, 2.XII.1992 (
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="97" pageNumber="98" start="start">G</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.A. Alpert); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.17066">14.17066°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95409">49.95409°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 415 m, rainforest, 28.-29.IV.2011 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Makirovana forest,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.16044">14.16044°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.95216">49.95216°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 550 m, rainforest, 1.V.2011 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, Parc National de Marojejy, Manantenina River, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.43667">14.43667°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.775">49.775°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m, rainforest, 12.-15.XI.2003 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Antsiranana, 15 km S Sambava, 10 m, 19.XII.1972 (J.-M. Bentsch); Fianarantsoa,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
Speciale Manombo 24.5 km 228° Farafangana,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-23.01583">23.01583°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="47.719">47.719°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 m, rainforest, 21.IV.2005 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-15.6813">15.6813°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="49.958">49.958°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 25 m, rainforest, 14.XI.1993 (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina, 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.67133">15.67133°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.97395">49.97395°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 425 m, rainforest, 21.XI.1993 (B.L. Fisher); Toamasina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.77274">16.77274°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26551">49.26551°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m, rainforest, 20.-22.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-16.76912">16.76912°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26704">49.26704°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 475 m, rainforest, 21.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ambatovaky, Sandrangato river,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-16.7633">16.7633°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.26692">49.26692°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 520 m, rainforest, 22.II.2010 (B.L. Fisher et al.); Toamasina, 19 km ESE Maroantsetra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-15.48333">15.48333°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="49.9">49.9°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300 m, rainforest, 22.IV.1989 (P.S. Ward); Toamasina, Nosy Mangabe,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="-15.5">15.5°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.76667">49.76667°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20-50 m, rainforest, 20.IV.1989 (P.S. Ward); Toamasina, F.C. Sandranantitra,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-18.04833">18.04833°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.09167">49.09167°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 450 m, rainforest, 18.-21.I.1999 (H.J. Ratsirarson); Toamasina, S.F. Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-17.2825">17.2825°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="49.43">49.43°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 m, littoral rainforest, 4.IV.1997 (B.L. Fisher).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
The following character combination distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the remainder of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex: relatively small species (HW 0.46-0.49; WL 0.58-0.64); eyes relatively large (OI 26-28); antennal scapes very short (SI 61-68); frontal carinae usually very weakly developed, only feebly raised, usually ending shortly after posterior eye margin or merging with cephalic sculpture halfway between posterior eye margin and posterior head margin; propodeal spines medium-sized to long, elongate-triangular to spinose, and acute (PSLI 21-25), propodeal lobes short, triangular, and acute or blunt, but always much shorter than propodeal spines, spines and lobes not strongly inclined towards each other; petiolar node in profile high rounded nodiform to thinly cuneiform, in profile 2.0 to 2.2 times higher than long (LPeI 45-50), in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.5 times broader than long (DPeI 129-145); mesosoma with three to four pairs on dorsal promesonotum, propodeum and waist segments without any standing pilosity; body uniformly whitish yellow to light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="worker measurements">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Worker measurements</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">(N=15). HL 0.49-0.53 (0.51); HW 0.46-0.49 (0.47); SL 0.28-0.33 (0.31); EL 0.12-0.13 (0.13); PH 0.22-0.24 (0.23); PW 0.32-0.37 (0.35); WL 0.58-0.64 (0.61); PSL 0.11-0.13 (0.12); PTL 0.09-0.11 (0.10); PTH 0.20-0.23 (0.21); PTW 0.13-0.16 (0.14); PPL 0.12-0.14 (0.13); PPH 0.18-0.21 (0.19); PPW 0.18-0.22 (0.19); CI 90-94 (92); SI 61-68 (65); OI 26-28 (27); DMI 52-60 (57); LMI 36-39 (37); PSLI 21-25 (23); PeNI 37-43 (40); LPeI 45-50 (49); DPeI 129-145 (136); PpNI 52-59 (54); LPpI 67-75 (70); DPpI 141-157 (148); PPI 129-142 (138).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="worker description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Worker description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Head clearly longer than wide (CI 90-94); posterior head margin weakly concave, almost straight. Anterior clypeal margin with distinct median impression. Frontal carinae usually very weakly developed, only feebly raised, usually ending shortly after posterior eye margin or merging with cephalic sculpture halfway between posterior eye margin and posterior head margin. Antennal scrobes very weak to absent, very shallow and without clear and distinct posterior and ventral margins. Antennal scapes very short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 61-68). Eyes relatively large (OI 26-28). Mesosomal outline in profile flat to weakly convex, comparatively low and long (LMI 36-39), moderately marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma; promesonotal suture absent; metanotal groove very weak to absent. Propodeal spines medium-sized, elongate-triangular to spinose, and acute (PSLI 21-25), propodeal lobes short, triangular, and acute or blunt, but always much shorter than propodeal spines, spines and lobes not strongly inclined towards each other. Petiolar node in profile high rounded nodiform to thinly cuneiform, around 2.0 to 2.2 times
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="98" pageNumber="99" start="start">higher</pageBreakToken>
|
||
than long (LPeI 45-50), anterior and posterior faces not parallel, anterodorsal margin usually situated higher and more strongly angled than posterodorsal margin, petiolar dorsum relatively flat to weakly convex and tapering backwards posteriorly; node in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.5 times broader than long (DPeI 129-145), in dorsal view pronotum between 2.3 to 2.7 times wider than petiolar node (PeNI 37-43). Postpetiole in profile globular to subglobular, approximately 1.3 to 1.5 times higher than long (LPpI 67-75); in dorsal view around 1.4 to 1.6 times wider than long (DPpI 141-157), pronotum between 1.7 to 1.9 times wider than postpetiole (PpNI 52-59). Postpetiole in profile lower, thicker, and more rounded than petiolar node, postpetiole in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.4 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 129-142). Mandibles completely unsculptured, smooth, and shiny; clypeus longitudinally rugulose with three to five rugulae, median rugula always present and usually fully developed, one or two mostly entire, rarely broken, lateral rugulae present on each side; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae irregularly longitudinally rugulose with seven to ten fine rugulae, rugulae usually running from posterior clypeal margin to posterior head margin, but mostly irregularly shaped, interrupted or with cross-meshes; scrobal area mostly unsculptured; lateral head mainly longitudinally rugulose to reticulate-rugulose, but larger areas often only weakly sculptured and appearing fairly smooth and shiny; ground sculpture on head weakly to moderately punctate. Dorsum of mesosoma ranging from weakly longitudinally rugulose with larger areas with almost completely reduced sculpture to longitudinally rugose with well developed rugae; lateral mesosoma weakly to moderately irregularly longitudinally rugulose or reticulate-rugulose, often with larger areas of almost completely reduced sculpture; ground sculpture on mesosoma usually weak to absent, sometimes moderately punctate. Forecoxae, both waist segments, and gaster fully unsculptured, smooth, and shining. Dorsum of head with several pairs of long, fine, standing hairs; mesosoma with three to four pairs on promesonotum; propodeum and waist segments without any standing pilosity; first gastral tergite with short, moderately dense, appressed (rarely decumbent) pubescence combined with several scattered, long, fine erect to suberect hairs; anterior edges of antennal scapes and dorsal (outer) surfaces of hind tibiae with appressed to decumbent hairs. Body uniformly whitish yellow to light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
The new species is named after the fictional character
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Rala”">"Rala"</normalizedToken>
|
||
from Walter
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Moers’">Moers'</normalizedToken>
|
||
fantasy novel "Rumo and His Miraculous Adventures". The species epithet is an arbitrary combination of letter, thus invariable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="98" pageNumber="99" type="distribution and biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
The distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively disjunctive (Fig. 65). Its main distribution seems to be in the northeast in the area around the Bay of Antongil and the Masoala Peninsula north to Marojejy and Makirovana. Further south of this main cluster of localities
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from three additional places: Ambatovaky, Tampolo, and Manombo. One explanation for this patchy distribution would be a preferense for lowland rainforests.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives in rainforests and littoral forests at lower elevations ranging from 10 to 550 m where it is found in leaf litter. Very few intact lowland rainforests remain south of its main distribution in the northeast of Madagascar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="99" pageNumber="100" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="99" pageNumber="100" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very distinctive member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex due to its smaller size, relatively long propodeal spines, high nodiform to thinly cuneiform petiolar node, lack of standing pilosity on the waist segments, and very bright body colouration. Consequently, it is very unlikely to be confused with any other species. Most species are much larger in body size, have shorter propodeal spines, and/or possess standing pilosity on the waist segments. Only some smaller specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
could at first glance be mistaken with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these two species are effortlessly separable.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
has much shorter propodeal spines (PSLI 11-18), a lower petiolar node, which in profile is only 1.6 to 1.9 times higher than long (LPeI 52-63), and long, standing pilosity on the waist segments. By contrast, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
the propodeal spines are much longer (PSLI 21-25), the petiolar node is higher, in profile around 2.0 to 2.2 higher than long (LPeI 45-50), and the waist segments lack standing pilosity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="99" pageNumber="100">
|
||
However, even though
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily identifiable within the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, it is morphologically very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rumo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumo">Tetramorium rumo</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium cognatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatum">Tetramorium cognatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex since they share a very similar gestalt. Both species are smaller in size, have relatively longer propodeal spines (compared to most other species of the species group), a high nodiform to thinly cuneiform petiolar node, lack standing pilosity on the waist segments, and possess very bright body colouration. The main separating character, which also places them in separate species complexes, is the lack of standing pilosity on the first gastral tergite in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rumo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumo">Tetramorium rumo</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus the presence of standing pilosity on the first gastral tergite in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species are morphologically closer to each other than to any other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium schaufussii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussii">Tetramorium schaufussii</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, but there are highly diagnostic differences to support their heterospecificity. The petiolar node of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rumo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumo">Tetramorium rumo</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thinner and stronger anteroposteriorly compressed, in profile around 2.3 to 2.7 times higher than long (LPeI 37-43), and in dorsal view between 1.5 to 1.7 times wider than long (DPeI 156-171), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a node which in profile is 2.0 to 2.2 times higher than long (LPeI 45-50), and in dorsal view around 1.3 to 1.5 times broader than long (DPeI 129-145). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rumo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rumo">Tetramorium rumo</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has larger eyes (OI 28-31) than
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium rala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rala">Tetramorium rala</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OI 26-28). Further evidence of their heterospecifity can be deduced from their distribution ranges, which overlap in central-eastern Madagascar, but both species maintain their species-specific characteristic without intermediate forms. In Manombo both species were also found living in sympatry in close proximity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |