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<document id="79DE4493D116742711B64CE9CE4C836D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561570" ID-ZooBank="A9E9D993-74C3-49CC-9202-DB1132EEF113" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1706103461433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L., Kogure, Yoichi, Fujita, Toshihiko &amp; Higashiji, Takuo" docDate="2024" docId="123887CCFFA9FFAEFF0EFC707FF2166D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5403.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5403 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Goniasteridae Forbes 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="EE01FFB4FFA8FFACFF99FFA57C731474" masterDocTitle="New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1706202430652" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4FB62315932DC617D5FE150E0D8FD4A4">New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="75900B664875B22964A11A3DED63366B">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="92CF605F535C2861676D9B3010C6A0EA" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0178-8237</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="600564D39E5FBF1B49254A83A102BC2A">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B75566A0172E29659A90E494F50B7A68">Kogure, Yoichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4EC0BA48FDFAE80359C4211CC4970086" type="ORCID">0009-0009-9935-8208</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1CE7D9B69428DBE1126785E7200AE52F">Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1 - 5939 - 22 Suido-cho, Chuo, Niigata, Niigata 951 - 8121, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6CA88983DC5672F440C30C5EF8A27C47" type="email">kogure_yoichi52@fra.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4B6AC81530C16AA475665AC4673344CC">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="683549328012E0A575ACA35B49C75724" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0334-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BA0839A7F06427F660B9B3AB5FB6A586">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B3768CD89119DF7A32C5FAF7FB1F44A" type="email">fujita@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="81B77CBBE8631DE3B3CFF4843E19B0F7">Higashiji, Takuo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="77761DF4B56A768680DAAABF8D9D5E47" type="ORCID">0009-0004-2557-0023</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="95A54F18D1B97EE20B1E2DDA23E70254">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, 424 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 905 - 0206, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="27DFF02974C424654532D60324F7B5D6" type="email">t-higashiji@okichura.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="123887CCFFA9FFAEFF0EFC707FF2166D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA9FFAEFF0EFC707FF2166D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/123887CCFFA9FFAEFF0EFC707FF2166D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA9FFADFF0EFC707E42179B" box="[151,561,981,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA9FFADFF0EFC707E42179B" blockId="1.[151,561,981,1007]" box="[151,561,981,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA9FFADFF0EFC707E42179B" bold="true" box="[151,561,981,1007]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA9FFADFF0EFC707E42179B" ID-CoL="8RYP7" authority="Forbes 1841" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,561,981,1007]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA9FFADFF0EFC707E42179B" bold="true" box="[151,561,981,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">GONIASTERIDAE Forbes 1841</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA9FFADFF0EFBB87DF4135F" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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<heading id="C16681B6FFA9FFADFF0EFBB87D631043" bold="true" box="[151,272,1053,1079]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA9FFADFF0EFBB87D631043" bold="true" box="[151,272,1053,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA9FFADFF0EFBC07D7211D4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1125,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Body shape pentagonal to strongly stellate (R/r=1.0 to 4.0), body variably soft to stout, thickness ranging from strongly arched to relatively flat, interradial arcs variably angular to straight. Surface covering ranges from bare and smooth to thick dermis embedded with granulation. Abactinal surface with widely variable range of plate morphologies ranging from discrete polygonal abutted plates, to shaft-like tabulae or paxillae to imbricate or irregularly arranged plates embedded in thick dermis. Plate surface ranges from smooth and bare to a highly variable range of primary ornamentation, such as large spines as well as smaller accessory structures, primarily granules, but also including spinelets, surficial plates and pedicellariae. Pedicellariae present or absent, ranging from bivalve, paddle-like, forceps-shaped and etc. When large pedicellariae present, these tend to be more consistent in location, presence.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA9FFADFF5EFA0C785C1227" blockId="1.[151,1437,1125,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Marginal plates, generally blocky, but variably forming well-defined periphery with either lateral or abactinalfacing in two distinct series, superomarginals and inferomarginals, present from terminal to interradius. Marginal plates with variable accessories, such as granules, spineless, or pedicellariae. Some groups with large primary structures such as spines. Marginal plate surface variably covered by dermis or bare. Several genera with abutted superomarginals over midline on arm, variably along whole length or near armtip.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA9FFADFF5EF9F87DF4135F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1125,1836]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Actinal plates, abutted, quadrate to polygonal or irregular in shape in chevron-like formation with full series adjacent to the adambulacral plate series becoming more irregular distally adjacent to the contact with the inferomarginal plate series. Actinal plate surface with variable cover of granules, spinelets or pedicellariae. Primary structures such as spines or large pedicellariae present in some taxa. Adambulacral plates with furrow spines, variably narrow to thick, with blunt or pointed tips. Further spination on adambulacrals variably granular to more spine or spinelet like.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA9FFAEFF0EF8D57FF2166D" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA9FFADFF0EF8D57D6D13FE" blockId="1.[151,286,1904,1930]" box="[151,286,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA9FFADFF0EF8D57D6D13FE" bold="true" box="[151,286,1904,1930]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA9FFADFF0EF8D57D6D13FE" bold="true" box="[151,286,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA9FFAEFF0EF81D7EE81535" blockId="1.[151,1436,1976,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA9FFADFF52F81D7D1413A6" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[203,359,1976,2002]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
includes the greatest number of genera and species within the living
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA9FFADFBEEF81D7CAA1382" authority="(Mah &amp; Blake 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Mah &amp; Blake" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">
Asteroidea (
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA9FFADFA99F81D7CA21382" author="Mah, C. &amp; Blake, D. B." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref19771" refString="Mah, C. &amp; Blake, D. B. (2012) Global Diversity and Phylogeny of the Asteroidea" type="book" year="2012">Mah &amp; Blake 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
containing over 260 species within over 70 genera. Assessments of
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA9FFADFC76F87978F81382" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[1007,1163,2012,2038]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
herein and lower depth limits of shallow water species, such as accounts by
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFD71FF32787414C5" author="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Fromont, J." box="[744,1031,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refId="ref19967" refString="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow - Water Seastars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, D. C., 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh &amp; Fromont (2020)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFBA7FF3278CE14C5" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1086,1213,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref19434" refString="Mah, C. L. (2017) Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species. Zootaxa, 4271 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4271.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Mah (2017</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFB50FF32797014C5" author="Mah, C. L." box="[1225,1283,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref19491" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
) indicate that many frequently encountered shallow-water genera, such as
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFCCAFF1E7FD514A0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[851,934,187,212]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAAFFAEFCCAFF1E7FD514A0" box="[851,934,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFC7BFF1E782C14A1" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1931" box="[994,1119,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Neoferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAAFFAEFC7BFF1E782C14A1" box="[994,1119,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Neoferdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include species with lower limits into mesophotic depths that have not been previously documented. Subfamilies, such as the Ferdininae and the Pentagonasterinae within the
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFD94FEA67EDA1569" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[525,681,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFD21FEA67F5C1569" author="Mah, C. L." box="[696,815,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="311 - 339" refId="ref19387" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Systematics, Phylogeny, and Historical Biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea, Valvatida, Goniasteridae) Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 311 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 06049" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFCA2FEA67F061569" author="Mah, C. L." box="[827,885,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref19434" refString="Mah, C. L. (2017) Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species. Zootaxa, 4271 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4271.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
) include shallow to mesophotic members, which occur in the Okinawan/southern
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFAAFFAEFD9CFE827E361535" box="[517,581,295,321]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFAAFFAEFF5EFEEE7FF2166D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Groupings within the
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFE21FEEE7E271511" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[440,596,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
are an ongoing area of research. At least two such groupings, the Ferdininae and the Pentagonasterinae are represented by taxa treated here (
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFCFDFECA7FA815FD" author="Mah, C. L." box="[868,987,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="311 - 339" refId="ref19387" refString="Mah, C. L. (2007) Systematics, Phylogeny, and Historical Biogeography of the Pentagonaster clade (Asteroidea, Valvatida, Goniasteridae) Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 311 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 06049" type="journal article" year="2007">Mah 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFC7EFECA785715FD" author="Mah, C. L." box="[999,1060,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref19434" refString="Mah, C. L. (2017) Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species. Zootaxa, 4271 (1), 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4271.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFBAEFECA78D415FD" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1079,1191,367,393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAAFFAEFBAEFECA78D415FD" box="[1079,1191,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Calliaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and affiliated genera, such as
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFAAFFAEFF6DFE367DFB15D9" box="[244,392,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Milteliphaste</emphasis>
r share several diagnostic characters within the
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFC31FE36783015D9" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[936,1091,403,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
(Aziz &amp; Jangoux, 1985;
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFAF0FE367CA115A5" author="Mah, C. L." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref19491" refString="Mah, C. L. (2018) New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4539 (1), 1 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4539.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Mah 2018</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFAAFFAEFF46FE127D6815A5" author="Mah, C. L." box="[223,283,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref19657" refString="Mah, C. L. (2022) New Genera, Species and Occurrence of Deep-Sea Asteroidea (Valvatacea, Forcipulatacea, Echinodermata) collected from the Tropical Pacific Ocean by the CAPSTONE Expedition. Zootaxa, 5164 (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5164.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
), suggesting a distinct group. However, work documenting the full extent of these groupings remains ongoing. Although accounts of systematic groupings within the
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFAAFFAEFCE4FE7E786A1581" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1841" box="[893,1049,475,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
have been suggested (Spencer &amp; Wright, 1966; Mah 2005), further testing and verification remains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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