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<mods:title id="1D3201B0ECD1C2E902433D3A9909E6CE">New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09D0897D7F5BE4AFB74E5C2FDDA60ADD">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9CC1472FDEDAC76D414D4D09D072C56">Kogure, Yoichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9CEE75C2EC560AE4A9829FEBC1F5A26">Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1 - 5939 - 22 Suido-cho, Chuo, Niigata, Niigata 951 - 8121, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="38FF0F7018A75AA9BE7E6B84CAC0529A">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7829901AABFD07B6AFC021F99CE72157">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, 424 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 905 - 0206, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA6FFA2FF0EF9927E701224" blockId="14.[151,515,1590,1653]" box="[151,515,1590,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA6FFA2FF0EF9927E701224" bold="true" box="[151,515,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA6FFA2FF0EF9927E701224" ID-CoL="6JPBB" authority="Fisher 1913" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,515,1590,1617]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA6FFA2FF0EF9927E701224" bold="true" box="[151,515,1590,1617]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA6FFA2FF0EF9927D191225" bold="true" box="[151,362,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA6FFA2FEEBF9937E701224" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[370,515,1590,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref17850" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1913) New starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 201 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2022.201" type="journal article" year="1913">Fisher 1913</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA6FFA2FF0EF9FE7D371201" blockId="14.[151,515,1590,1653]" box="[151,324,1627,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA6FFA2FF0EF9FE7D371201" box="[151,324,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 6AE</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA6FFA2FF0EF90578FD12C3" blockId="14.[151,1166,1695,1719]" box="[151,1166,1695,1719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="BA8111F4FFA6FFA2FF0EF90578FD12C3" box="[151,1166,1695,1719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA6FFA2FF0EF9057D8F12C3" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[151,508,1695,1719]" page="214" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1913">
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA6FFA2FF0EF9057D8F12C3" ID-CoL="6JPBB" authority="Fisher 1913: 214" authorityName="Fisher" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,508,1695,1719]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA6FFA2FF0EF9057D3412C3" box="[151,327,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA6FFA2FED4F93A7D8F12C3" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[333,508,1695,1719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 224" refId="ref17850" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1913) New starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46, 201 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.46 - 2022.201" type="journal article" year="1913">Fisher 1913: 214</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA6FFA2FD9FF93A7E1C12C3" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[518,623,1695,1719]" page="377" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA6FFA2FD9FF93A7E1C12C3" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[518,623,1695,1719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 547" refId="ref17900" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1919) Starfishes of the Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3 (100), 1 - 547, 156 pls." type="journal article" year="1919">1919: 377</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; A.H.
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA6FFA2FD29F93A7F2B12C3" author="Clark, A. H." box="[688,856,1695,1719]" page="286" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA6FFA2FD29F93A7F2B12C3" author="Clark, A. H." box="[688,856,1695,1719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="265 - 303" refId="ref17425" refString="Clark, A. H. (1952) Echinoderms from the Marshall Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 102 (3302), 265 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3302.265" type="journal article" year="1952">Clark 1952: 286</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA6FFA2FCFBF93A78F912C3" author="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Fromont, J." box="[866,1162,1695,1719]" page="232" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA6FFA2FCFBF93A78F912C3" author="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Fromont, J." box="[866,1162,1695,1719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref19967" refString="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow - Water Seastars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, D. C., 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh &amp; Fromont 2020: 232</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA6FFA2FF0EF8A77F341381" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA6FFA2FF0EF8A77D631368" blockId="14.[151,272,1794,1820]" box="[151,272,1794,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA6FFA2FF0EF8A77D631368" bold="true" box="[151,272,1794,1820]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA6FFA2FF0EF8A77D631368" bold="true" box="[151,272,1794,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA6FFA2FF0EF8EE7F341381" blockId="14.[151,1437,1867,2037]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Body stellate (R/r=2.62.8), arms relatively short, disk stout, small, triangular in outline, interradial arcs acute (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA6FFA2FAF6F8EE7CCE13FD" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Abactinal plates weakly convex covered by continuous granular cover (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA6FFA2FB94F8CA781B13FD" box="[1037,1128,1903,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Superomarginal plates in gradually, regular series with no marginal alternation of sizes (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA6FFA2FCD0F8367FD013D9" box="[841,931,1939,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Distalmost superomarginals with tubercular granules centrally located on each plate (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA6FFA2FDFAF8127EAC13A5" box="[611,735,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
). Furrow spines, 3 to 4 flat, spatulate, subambulacral spines 2, short and thick, granules similar to actinal granules (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA6FFA2FD7AF87E7F491381" box="[739,826,2011,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CEEE6652FFA7FFA3FF0EF916796E129B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA7FFA3FF0EF916796E129B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1715,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FF0EF9167D6012BF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1715,1739]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA7FFA3FE80F9167E4712B8" authority="USNM E" authorityName="USNM E" box="[281,564,1715,1740]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FE80F9167DBC12BF" bold="true" box="[281,463,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
USNM E
</taxonomicName>
9721
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FDF4F9167EF612BF" bold="true" box="[621,645,1715,1739]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FCD0F9117F1212B8" bold="true" box="[841,865,1716,1740]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B.</emphasis>
Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FF7AF9727D60129B" bold="true" box="[227,275,1751,1775]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. A</emphasis>
bactinal surface detail.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FE67F97D7E641284" bold="true" box="[510,535,1752,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D.</emphasis>
Lateral view.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FD3EF97D7ECC1284" bold="true" box="[679,703,1752,1776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E.</emphasis>
Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA7FFBCFF0EF8E47E921569" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA7FFA3FF0EF8E47D6D132F" blockId="15.[151,286,1857,1883]" box="[151,286,1857,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA7FFA3FF0EF8E47D6D132F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1857,1883]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FF0EF8E47D6D132F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1857,1883]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA7FFA3FF0EF82F7D0A1398" blockId="15.[151,1437,1930,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
This species closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA7FFA3FE6DF82F7EA613D0" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[500,725,1930,1956]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA7FFA3FE6DF82F7EA613D0" box="[500,725,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fromia milleporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs in presence of distinct tubercles or spines on the distalmost marginal plates (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA7FFA3FD86F80B7EEF13BC" box="[543,668,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Fromia hemiopla USNM E9721 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal, superomarginal plates showing tubercles and spines. C. Abactinal surface detail. D. Lateral view. E. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, E=3.0 mm; BC, D=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561594/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
), presence of broad-based arms and more numerous abactinal pates across the arm base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF5EFF327E921569" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Accessory granules, especially around the armtips have been argued as being being phenotyptically variable (
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFB8FFBCFF06FF1E7D1214A1" author="Mortensen, T." box="[159,353,186,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="14 - 154" refId="ref20363" refString="Mortensen, T. (1925) On some echinoderms from South Africa. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 9, 16 (91), 14 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932508633280" type="journal article" year="1925">Mortensen, 1925</bibRefCitation>
). Phenotypic variation with response to the environment (e.g., wave motion) occurs in the asteriid sea star,
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFB8FFBCFF61FF7A7E9B148D" authority="(Hayne &amp; Palmer 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Hayne &amp; Palmer" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[248,744,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asteriidae" genus="Pisaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB8FFBCFF61FF7A7DBD148D" box="[248,462,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pisaster ochraceus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFB8FFBCFE46FF7A7E93148D" author="Hayne, K. J. R. &amp; Palmer, A. R." box="[479,736,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1717 - 1725" refId="ref18159" refString="Hayne, K. J. R. &amp; Palmer, A. R. (2013) Intertidal sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) alter body shape in response to wave action. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216 (9), 1717 - 1725. https: // doi. org / 10.1242 / jeb. 078964" type="journal article" year="2013">Hayne &amp; Palmer 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It is possible this is a variable character in
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFB8FFBCFB4AFF7A79E6148D" box="[1235,1429,223,249]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB8FFBCFB4AFF7A79E6148D" box="[1235,1429,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and possibly synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFB8FFBCFE61FEA67EA91569" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[504,730,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB8FFBCFE61FEA67EA91569" box="[504,730,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fromia milleporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFB8FFBCFF0EFECB7EEE1581" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF0EFECB7D5A15FC" blockId="16.[151,297,366,392]" box="[151,297,366,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="C16681B6FFB8FFBCFF0EFECB7D5A15FC" bold="true" box="[151,297,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB8FFBCFF0EFECB7D5A15FC" bold="true" box="[151,297,366,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF0EFE127EF615A5" blockId="16.[151,669,438,501]" box="[151,645,438,465]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFB8FFBCFF0EFE127C8C15A5" box="[151,255,439,465]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
, Ryukyu Islands,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFE5FFE127E7A15A5" box="[454,521,439,465]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
. 3.0
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFB8FFBCFDDCFE137EF615A5" box="[581,645,438,465]" count="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFDDCFE137EF215A5" box="[581,641,438,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="52.0">52 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF5EFE7E7EEE1581" blockId="16.[151,669,438,501]" box="[199,669,474,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFF5EFE7E7C821581" box="[199,241,475,501]" name="Fiji" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fiji</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFF65FE7E7DCA1581" box="[252,441,475,501]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFE5DFE7E7E671581" box="[452,532,475,501]" name="Samoa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Samoa</collectingCountry>
. 3.055.0 m
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFB8FFBCFF0EFDE37F5C17BD" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF0EFDE37DF81614" blockId="16.[151,395,582,608]" box="[151,395,582,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="C16681B6FFB8FFBCFF0EFDE37DF81614" bold="true" box="[151,395,582,608]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFB8FFBCFF0EFDE37DF81614" bold="true" box="[151,395,582,608]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF0EFD2A7D8916B9" blockId="16.[151,1437,655,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFB8FFBCFF0EFD2A7D8916B9" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="L. J. Withington" country="Japan" location="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM E9721" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFB8FFBCFF0EFD2A7D4A16DD" box="[151,313,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM E9721</specimenCode>
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFB8FFBCFED9FD2A7DDB16DD" box="[320,424,655,681]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFE2DFD2A7E1716DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFE2DFD2A7E1716DD" box="[436,612,655,681]" country="Japan" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Ryukyu Islands</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFDE9FD2A7EC016DD" box="[624,691,655,681]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFB8FFBCFD64FD2A7FDC16DD" box="[765,943,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L.J. Withington</collectorName>
, 1960.
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFB8FFBCFB98FD2A787C16DD" box="[1025,1039,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4</specimenCount>
dry specimens. R=2.0 r=0.6 R=1.9 r=0.6 R=1.7 r=0.5 R=2.1 r=0.5.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF5EFD727F091761" blockId="16.[151,1437,655,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFB8FFBCFF5EFD727F091761" collectingDate="1984-05-24" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. F. Bolland" country="Japan" elevation="52.0" location="Onna Village" municipality="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM E45989" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFB8FFBCFF5EFD727D071685" box="[199,372,726,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM E45989</specimenCode>
<locationDeviation id="8B9C2FF8FFB8FFBCFEE0FD727D8D1685" bearing="292.5" box="[377,510,727,753]" distance="1000.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFEE0FD727DC31685" box="[377,432,727,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
WNW
</locationDeviation>
of
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD86FD727EC21685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD86FD727EC21685" box="[543,689,727,753]" country="Japan" municipality="Ryukyu Islands" name="Onna Village" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Onna Village</location>
(
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD26FD727F0D1685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD26FD727F0D1685" box="[703,894,727,753]" country="Japan" municipality="Ryukyu Islands" name="Horseshoe Cliffs" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Horseshoe Cliffs</location>
),
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFB8FFBCFC16FD727F841685" box="[911,1015,727,753]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7A4AACA0FFB8FFBCFB99FD7278DC1685" box="[1024,1199,727,753]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ryukyu Islands</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFB21FD7278881685" box="[1208,1275,727,753]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
. 26.5 127.848,
<elevation id="11BCD1E9FFB8FFBCFF0EFD5F7C9B1761" box="[151,232,762,789]" metricUnit="m" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="52.0">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFF0EFD5F7C9B1761" box="[151,232,762,789]" metricUnit="m" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="52.0">52.0 m</quantity>
</elevation>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFB8FFBCFEA8FD5E7DCC1761" box="[305,447,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R.F. Bolland</collectorName>
<date id="EE2F101AFFB8FFBCFE5FFD5E7E2D1761" box="[454,606,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1984-05-24">
<collectingDate id="FE6BE9F2FFB8FFBCFE5FFD5E7E2D1761" box="[454,606,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1984-05-24">24 May 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFB8FFBCFDF0FD5E7E041761" box="[617,631,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=1.7 r=0.6.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF5EFCBA7CA817F5" blockId="16.[151,1437,655,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFB8FFBCFF5EFCBA7CA817F5" collectingDate="1984-10-25" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. F. Bolland" country="Japan" elevation="3.0" latitude="26.5067" location="Seragaki Beach" longLatPrecision="49" longitude="127.877" municipality="Maeki-Zaki" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM E45994" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFB8FFBCFF5EFCBA7D09174D" box="[199,378,798,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM E45994</specimenCode>
<locationDeviation id="8B9C2FF8FFB8FFBCFE1CFCBA7E64174D" bearing="67.5" box="[389,535,799,825]" distance="1300.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFE1CFCBA7DA5174D" box="[389,470,799,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
ENE
</locationDeviation>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="7A4AACA0FFB8FFBCFDDDFCBA7EB8174D" box="[580,715,799,825]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Maeki-Zaki</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD43FCBA7FE3174D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD43FCBA7FE3174D" box="[730,912,799,825]" country="Japan" latitude="26.5067" longLatPrecision="49" longitude="127.877" municipality="Maeki-Zaki" name="Seragaki Beach" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Seragaki Beach</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFB8FFBCFC06FCBA7874174D" box="[927,1031,799,825]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFB8FFCBA78B9174D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFB8FFCBA78B9174D" box="[1046,1226,799,825]" country="Japan" latitude="26.5067" longLatPrecision="49" longitude="127.877" municipality="Maeki-Zaki" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Ryukyu Islands</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFB40FCBA796F174D" box="[1241,1308,799,825]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Walls and floor of surge channel near reef edge,
<geoCoordinate id="FFA5501DFFB8FFBCFDDBFCE77ED31729" box="[578,672,834,861]" degrees="26.5067" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="26.5067">26.5067</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FFA5501DFFB8FFBCFD32FCE67F7A1729" box="[683,777,835,861]" degrees="127.877" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="55" value="127.877">127.877</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="11BCD1E9FFB8FFBCFC8DFCE67F241729" box="[788,855,835,861]" metricUnit="m" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="3.05">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFC8DFCE67F241729" box="[788,855,835,861]" metricUnit="m" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="3.0">3.0 m</quantity>
</elevation>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFB8FFBCFC39FCE678421729" box="[928,1073,835,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R.F. Bolland</collectorName>
,
<date id="EE2F101AFFB8FFBCFBA5FCE778B91729" box="[1084,1226,834,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1984-10-25">
<collectingDate id="FE6BE9F2FFB8FFBCFBA5FCE778B91729" box="[1084,1226,834,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1984-10-25">25 Oct 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFB8FFBCFB4CFCE678901729" box="[1237,1251,835,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=1.3 r=0.5.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFB8FFBCFF5EFC2E7F5C17BD" blockId="16.[151,1437,655,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFB8FFBCFF5EFC2E7F5C17BD" collectingDate="1981-08-09" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. F. Bolland" country="Japan" elevation="8" location="Onna Village" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="USNM E 46008" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFB8FFBCFF5EFC2E7D0817D1" box="[199,379,907,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM E 46008</specimenCode>
Reef edge,
<locationDeviation id="8B9C2FF8FFB8FFBCFE64FC2E7EF717D1" bearing="292.5" box="[509,644,907,933]" distance="1000.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFE64FC2E7E4617D1" box="[509,565,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
WNW
</locationDeviation>
of
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD3FFC2E7F4F17D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFD3FFC2E7F4F17D1" box="[678,828,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Onna Village" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Onna Village</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFB8FFBCFCDFFC2E7FDD17D1" box="[838,942,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFC21FC2E781417D1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA6FFBCFF0EF9927F5C17BD:9F4E6001FFB8FFBCFC21FC2E781417D1" box="[952,1127,907,933]" country="Japan" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Okinawa">Ryukyu Islands</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFB8FFBCFBEBFC2E78C617D1" box="[1138,1205,907,933]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 26.5, 127.848,
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFB8FFBCFAFDFC2E7CC317BD" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">
<elevation id="11BCD1E9FFB8FFBCFAFDFC2E7CC317BD" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">312 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFB8FFBCFF60FC0A7DFA17BD" box="[249,393,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R.F. Bolland</collectorName>
,
<date id="EE2F101AFFB8FFBCFE0CFC0A7E6817BD" box="[405,539,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-08-09">
<collectingDate id="FE6BE9F2FFB8FFBCFE0CFC0A7E6817BD" box="[405,539,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-08-09">9 Aug 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFB8FFBCFDBFFC0A7E4717BD" box="[550,564,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=2.5 r=0.7
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>