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<document id="644177BDD1350AE7ED43F3AB7E778B27" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561570" ID-ZooBank="A9E9D993-74C3-49CC-9202-DB1132EEF113" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1706103461433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L., Kogure, Yoichi, Fujita, Toshihiko &amp; Higashiji, Takuo" docDate="2024" docId="123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5403.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5403 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5403.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Fromia balansae Perrier 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="EE01FFB4FFA8FFACFF99FFA57C731474" masterDocTitle="New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1706202430652" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F7E7FCA8E76833BF2F6C95A7D552EFC0">New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2D0B6BA7425928139A52DA128A8C9B7">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="051285FFC03C77567E7133BF4C19100D">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E3705984F7077DD9857AA6BEC508284D">Kogure, Yoichi</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC92426E14ECE329677447D126525F35" type="ORCID">0009-0009-9935-8208</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CCCC81E1B550871D28D46B05ECCD2B62">Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1 - 5939 - 22 Suido-cho, Chuo, Niigata, Niigata 951 - 8121, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3B63D8ECEC0969061E2FB28FBD544194" type="email">kogure_yoichi52@fra.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E0452D38DD37E5F5138F023C0A094FFC">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0695D03C68CA64D9E9768F10C70D8C7C" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0334-1794</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D7C68D0343822BA78B6C22A16B27771F">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CCDB4DB73DCB656D26D2FCF517F7FD39" type="email">fujita@kahaku.go.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C38BBA8409F33C010EA6A7BAC3AD2E42">Higashiji, Takuo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6562859AD765EC1D8C3C98744D103A2" type="ORCID">0009-0004-2557-0023</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AEE290A7B7DDEB5E73B0B5321137E529">Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, 424 Ishikawa, Motobu, Okinawa 905 - 0206, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3D7C3D50E480C1B97B08D26C05731E52" type="email">t-higashiji@okichura.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="89CD83EE630857EB6CB2ECACD1DD96DC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="232826DB4E88B5169C2DF328F4A4D9B9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="30146711A49F2079974C5BEC4642404C">5403</mods:number>
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<treatment id="123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561556" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561556" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA4FF0EFA9E7E791121" box="[151,522,1339,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EFA9E7E791121" blockId="8.[151,522,1339,1401]" box="[151,522,1339,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA0FFA4FF0EFA9E7E791121" bold="true" box="[151,522,1339,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF0EFA9E7E791121" authority="Perrier 1875" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,522,1339,1366]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EFA9E7E791121" bold="true" box="[151,522,1339,1366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EFA9E7D151122" bold="true" box="[151,358,1339,1366]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia balansae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FEF4FA9E7E791121" author="Perrier, E." box="[365,522,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref20646" refString="Perrier, E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier 1875</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA4FF0EFAFA7D34110D" box="[151,327,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EFAFA7D34110D" blockId="8.[151,522,1339,1401]" box="[151,327,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA0FFA4FF0EFAFA7D34110D" box="[151,327,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-139@9.[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fromia balansae USNM E50773 A. Abactinal surface. B. Strongly convex abactinal plates. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3A–D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA4FF0EFA01797411CF" box="[151,1287,1443,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EFA01797411CF" blockId="8.[151,1287,1443,1468]" box="[151,1287,1443,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FF0EFA017D3811C8" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,331,1443,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref20646" refString="Perrier, E. (1875) Revision de la collection de stellerides du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Reinwald, Paris, 384 pp." type="book" year="1875">Perrier 1875: 178</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FECFFA017E6411C8" author="Koehler, R." box="[342,535,1444,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 192" refId="ref18460" refString="Koehler, R. (1910) An account of the shallow-water Asteroidea. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 6, 1 - 192." type="book chapter" year="1910">Koehler 1910: 140</bibRefCitation>
; A.H.
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FDCEFA017E8C11CF" author="Clark, A. H." box="[599,767,1443,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="265 - 303" refId="ref17425" refString="Clark, A. H. (1952) Echinoderms from the Marshall Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 102 (3302), 265 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3302.265" type="journal article" year="1952">Clark 1952: 285</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FC90FA017FAF11CF" author="Tortonese, E." box="[777,988,1443,1467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="675 - 684" refId="ref21084" refString="Tortonese, E. (1955) LXXX. Notes on Asteroidea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8 (93), 675 - 684. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655683" type="journal article" year="1955">Tortonese 1955: 677</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA0FFA4FC7FFA0178AF11C8" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[998,1244,1444,1468]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref17578" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History) Publications 690. British Museum (Natural History), London, ix + 238 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1971">Clark &amp; Rowe 1971: 34</bibRefCitation>
, 63.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA4FF0EF9A87D491374" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EF9A87D631253" blockId="8.[151,272,1549,1575]" box="[151,272,1549,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA0FFA4FF0EF9A87D631253" bold="true" box="[151,272,1549,1575]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EF9A87D631253" bold="true" box="[151,272,1549,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EF9F37D491374" blockId="8.[151,1436,1622,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Body stellate, arms broad based, tapering,
<collectionCode id="FC80AE1FFFA0FFA4FDE5F9F37EFC1204" box="[636,655,1622,1648]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
/r approximately 3.5–3.6 (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA0FFA4FC2EF9F378611204" box="[951,1042,1622,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-139@9.[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fromia balansae USNM E50773 A. Abactinal surface. B. Strongly convex abactinal plates. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Abactinal side convex. Abactinal plates approximately five plates across width between the superomarginals on the proximal half of the arm (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA0FFA4FAA1F9DF79FC12E0" box="[1336,1423,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-139@9.[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fromia balansae USNM E50773 A. Abactinal surface. B. Strongly convex abactinal plates. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Carinal plates distinct, especially on small-sized individuals (
<collectionCode id="FC80AE1FFFA0FFA4FCD2F93B7F2D12CC" box="[843,862,1694,1720]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
=0.7–
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA0FFA4FC07F93B7F9E12CC" box="[926,1005,1694,1720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="0.7">0.7 cm</quantity>
) with plates, slightly enlarged relative to the adradial plates (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA0FFA4FE02F9677D8512A8" box="[411,502,1730,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-139@9.[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fromia balansae USNM E50773 A. Abactinal surface. B. Strongly convex abactinal plates. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Abactinal granulation even. Distal granules on superomarginal plates relatively homogeneous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA0FFA5FF0EF8F478A115FD" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA4FF0EF8F47D6D131F" blockId="8.[151,286,1873,1899]" box="[151,286,1873,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA0FFA4FF0EF8F47D6D131F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1873,1899]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF0EF8F47D6D131F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1873,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA0FFA5FF0EF83678A115FD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1939,2038]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Small sized individuals (
<collectionCode id="FC80AE1FFFA0FFA4FE29F8317DB013DA" box="[432,451,1940,1966]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</collectionCode>
=
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA0FFA4FE48F8367E2113D9" box="[465,594,1939,1965]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.7 cm</quantity>
) displayed a particularly prominent series of carinal plates with each plate slightly enlarged relative to the adradial abactinal plate (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA0FFA4FC9BF8127F0F13A5" box="[770,892,1975,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-139@9.[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fromia balansae USNM E50773 A. Abactinal surface. B. Strongly convex abactinal plates. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
). There is close similarity to several other species of
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FF2DF8797D741381" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[180,263,2012,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FF2DF8797D741381" box="[180,263,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with relatively minor differences.
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FD1CF8797F301381" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[645,835,2011,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FD1CF8797F301381" box="[645,835,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia balansae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA0FFA4FC4AF87978C71381" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[979,1204,2011,2037]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="milleporella">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA0FFA4FC4AF87978C71381" box="[979,1204,2011,2037]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fromia milleporella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a relatively flat abactinal surface and indistinct carinal plates in the latter and a convex abactinal surface with a distinct carinal plate series in the former.
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA1FFA5FE50FF1E7EF814A1" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[457,651,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FE50FF1E7EF814A1" box="[457,651,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fromia balansae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA1FFA5FD51FF1E7FFE14A1" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[712,909,187,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FD51FF1E7FFE14A1" box="[712,909,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ based on the overall size of distalmost superomarginal granules with those in the former identified as “evenly fine” or presumably homogeneously sized, small granules versus those in
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA1FFA5FE6BFEA67EC71569" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[498,692,259,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FE6BFEA67EC71569" box="[498,692,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with distalmost superomarginal granules bearing enlarged central granules or tubercles. Distinctions herein were based on these enlarged central granules in
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA1FFA5FB0BFE8279271535" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1170,1364,295,321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hemiopla">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FB0BFE8279271535" box="[1170,1364,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fromia hemiopla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 2X to 3X the size of adjacent granules, whereas those in
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA1FFA5FD64FEEE7F0C1511" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[765,895,331,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FD64FEEE7F0C1511" box="[765,895,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F. balansae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were only 1 to at most 2X the size of adjacent granules (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA1FFA5FE9CFECA7D2E15FD" box="[261,349,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-139@9.[151,1436,417,1737]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Fromia balansae USNM E50773 A. Abactinal surface. B. Strongly convex abactinal plates. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Further phylogenetic tests using molecular data for these species is desirable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CEEE6652FFA1FFA5FF0EF9457FD21368" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561586" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10561586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561586/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1760,1784]" targetBox="[151,1436,417,1737]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA1FFA5FF0EF9457FD21368" blockId="9.[151,1436,1760,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FF0EF9457D61128C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA1FFA5FE81F9457E5D128C" authority="USNM E" authorityName="USNM E" box="[280,558,1760,1784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FE81F9457DB9128C" bold="true" box="[280,458,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fromia balansae</emphasis>
USNM E
</taxonomicName>
50773
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FDEBF9457EF8128C" bold="true" box="[626,651,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A.</emphasis>
Abactinal surface.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FCD7F9457F0A128C" bold="true" box="[846,889,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. S</emphasis>
trongly convex abactinal plates.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FB26F94578AB128C" bold="true" box="[1215,1240,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C.</emphasis>
Actinal surface.
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FA1DF94579EF128C" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1760,1784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D.</emphasis>
Closeup oral region, actinal surface. Scale bar: A, C=1.0 mm; B, D=0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA1FFA5FF0EF8C478BC1395" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA1FFA5FF0EF8C47D5A130F" blockId="9.[151,297,1889,1915]" box="[151,297,1889,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA1FFA5FF0EF8C47D5A130F" bold="true" box="[151,297,1889,1915]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA1FFA5FF0EF8C47D5A130F" bold="true" box="[151,297,1889,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA1FFA5FF0EF8077E2813C9" blockId="9.[151,1231,1954,2017]" box="[151,603,1954,1981]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Southern
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA1FFA5FE9AF8067D3513C9" box="[259,326,1955,1981]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFA1FFA5FEC8F8077DE213C9" box="[337,401,1954,1981]" count="55" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA1FFA5FEC8F8077DFE13C9" box="[337,397,1954,1981]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
(new occurrence)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA1FFA5FF0EF86378BC1395" blockId="9.[151,1231,1954,2017]" box="[151,1231,1990,2017]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Outside
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA1FFA5FF6CF8627D4B1395" box="[245,312,1991,2017]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA1FFA5FEDAF8637DC01394" box="[323,435,1990,2016]" name="Mauritius" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA1FFA5FE27F8627E1D1394" box="[446,622,1990,2017]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA1FFA5FDE0F8637F451394" box="[633,822,1990,2016]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA1FFA5FCD8F8627FE31395" box="[833,912,1991,2017]" name="Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Samoa</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA1FFA5FC02F86278721395" box="[923,1025,1991,2017]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">
18–
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFA1FFA5FC5DF86278721395" box="[964,1025,1991,2017]" count="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">22 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. (new occurrence)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA2FFA6FF0EFF32795B1511" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFF327DF814C5" blockId="10.[151,395,151,177]" box="[151,395,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA2FFA6FF0EFF327DF814C5" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFF327DF814C5" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFF7A7F3D1569" blockId="10.[151,1436,223,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFA2FFA6FF0EFF7A7F3D1569" collectingDate="1984-09-03" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. F. Bolland" country="Japan" elevation="55" location="Onna Village" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="USNM E 50773" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFA2FFA6FF0EFF7A7D22148E" box="[151,337,223,250]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM E 50773</specimenCode>
<locationDeviation id="8B9C2FF8FFA2FFA6FEC3FF7A7D95148E" bearing="292.5" box="[346,486,223,250]" distance="1000.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FEC3FF7A7DE6148D" box="[346,405,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
WNW
</locationDeviation>
of
<location id="9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FD97FF7A7ED4148D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511:9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FD97FF7A7ED4148D" box="[526,679,223,249]" country="Japan" name="Onna Village" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Okinawa">Onna Village</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFA2FFA6FD2DFF7A7F6F148D" box="[692,796,223,249]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFA2FFA6FCB0FF7A7FA8148D" box="[809,987,223,249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ryukyu Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FC71FF457858148E" box="[1000,1067,224,250]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Japan</collectingCountry>
, 26.5, 127.848,
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FB7DFF7A7951148E" box="[1252,1314,223,250]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="55.0">
<elevation id="11BCD1E9FFA2FFA6FB7DFF7A7951148E" box="[1252,1314,223,250]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFA2FFA6FAF7FF457C811569" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R.F. Bolland</collectorName>
,
<date id="EE2F101AFFA2FFA6FF67FEA67DFD1569" box="[254,398,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1984-09-03">
<collectingDate id="FE6BE9F2FFA2FFA6FF67FEA67DFD1569" box="[254,398,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1984-09-03">3 Sept. 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFA2FFA6FE00FEA67DD41569" box="[409,423,259,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</specimenCount>
wet specs. R=0.7 r=0.2, R=0.6 r=0.2.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF5EFE82795B1511" blockId="10.[151,1436,223,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFA2FFA6FF5EFE82795B1511" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. Heemstra" country="Mauritius" elevation="20" location="Albion Fisheries Research Centre" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="USNM 1145356" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bare de la Petite Riviere">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFA2FFA6FF5EFE827DF11536" box="[199,386,295,322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM 1145356</specimenCode>
Halfway between
<location id="9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FDC1FE827FA51535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511:9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FDC1FE827FA51535" box="[600,982,295,321]" country="Mauritius" name="Albion Fisheries Research Centre" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Bare de la Petite Riviere">Albion Fisheries Research Centre</location>
and
<location id="9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FB89FE8278A11535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511:9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FB89FE8278A11535" box="[1040,1234,295,321]" country="Mauritius" name="Point Aux Caves" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Bare de la Petite Riviere">Point Aux Caves</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFA2FFA6FB46FE8D7C9F1511" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bare de la Petite Riviere</collectingRegion>
, West coast
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FEEFFEEE7D951511" box="[374,486,331,357]" name="Mauritius" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FE68FEEE7EF91511" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA0FFA6FF0EFA9E795B1511:9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FE68FEEE7EF91511" box="[497,650,331,357]" country="Mauritius" name="Indian Ocean" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Bare de la Petite Riviere">Indian Ocean</location>
.
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FD0CFEEE7E881512" box="[661,763,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">
<elevation id="11BCD1E9FFA2FFA6FD0CFEEE7E881512" box="[661,763,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18–22 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFA2FFA6FCDDFEE97FBF1512" box="[836,972,332,358]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. Heemstra</collectorName>
,
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FC41FEE978631511" box="[984,1040,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFA2FFA6FB8EFEEE78561511" box="[1047,1061,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=2.2 r=0.6.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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