194 lines
17 KiB
XML
194 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="915fd11f-00db-4343-8182-fb7a2a3bab34" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023289" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-2-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1314-4049-2-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 2" ModsDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids" checkinTime="1451253027693" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Benatti, Michel N." docDate="2012" docId="11C7C05400DB5A27CF989867A6C909C6" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 2: 1-28" docOrigin="MycoKeys 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522" docTitle="Bulbothrix chowoensis Hale. Phytologia 28 (5): 480. 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="AB004475FFC0FFEFFFD5FFBAF60AFFB7" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1643546518216" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the genus Bulbothrix Hale: the species with medullary norstictic or protocetraric acids</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benatti, Michel N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>28</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.2.2522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-2-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152023289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:11C7C05400DB5A27CF989867A6C909C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/11C7C05400DB5A27CF989867A6C909C6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName LSID="Mycobank: MB 341593" authority="(Hale) Hale. Phytologia 28 (5): 480. 1974." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix chowoensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chowoensis">Bulbothrix chowoensis (Hale) Hale. Phytologia 28(5): 480. 1974.</taxonomicName>
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Figures 1-2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="basionym">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Basionym.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelia chowoensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chowoensis">Parmelia chowoensis</taxonomicName>
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Hale. Phytologia 23: 343. 1972.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zambia, Chowo Forest, Nyika Plateau, leg. M. Jellicoe 53, IV-1969 (BM!, isotype US!).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Thallus subirregular laciniate, turning dusky green in the herbarium, fragments up to 4.3 cm diam., coriaceous, corticicolous; upper cortex 12.5−20.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, algal layer 15.0−25.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, medulla 100.0−155.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick, lower cortex 15.0−25.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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thick. Laciniae irregularly to dichotomously branched, 1.4-3.2 mm wide, imbricate, becoming crowded in the center, adnate to slightly elevate, adpressed to loose, with flat to slightly involute, subrounded to truncate apices, margins flat to slightly involute, crenate to irregular, incised, not lacinulate, axils oval to irregular. Upper surface smooth and continuous at the distal parts, becoming subrugose and transversally cracked at the center, laminal ciliary bulbs absent. Lacinulae absent, even marginal adventitious ones. Maculae absent. Cilia black to occasionally brown, apices simple 0.05-0.30 (−0.70)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.03 mm, with emerse bulbate bases 0.05-0.10 (-0.15) mm wide, frequent throughout the margin spaced 0.05−0.10 mm from each other but becoming more prominent in the axils, absent or scarce at the apices of the laciniae. Soredia pustulae and isidia absent. Medulla white. Lower surface almost uniformly pale brown, except for some random dark brown parts, slightly shiny, smooth to subrugose, moderately rhizinate. Marginal zone brown to dark brown, indistinct from the center, slightly shiny, smooth, slightly papillate. Rhizinae pale brown to partially dark, occasionally with blackish apices, simple, without bulbate bases, 0.10-0.70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.05 mm, frequent, evenly distributed. Apothecia subconcave to concave or urceolate, adnate to substipitate, 0.3-7.2 mm diam., laminal to submarginal, margin smooth to irregularly subcrenate becoming retorted and fissured when old, ecoronate, amphithecia smooth to subrugose, without ornamentations. Disc dark brown, epruinose, imperforate, epithecium 10.0-15.0 mm high, hymenium 30.0−50.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high, subhymenium 7.5−17.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high. Ascospores subrounded to ellipsoid, 6.0-9.0 (−10.0)
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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</pageBreakToken>
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4.5-6.0 mm, epispore ca. 1.0 mm. Pycnidia laminal to submarginal, immerse, with black ostioles. Conidia weakly to evidently bifusiform, 5.0−7.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figures 1-4. Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix chowoensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chowoensis">Bulbothrix chowoensis</taxonomicName>
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2 Isotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix chowoensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chowoensis">Bulbothrix chowoensis</taxonomicName>
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3 Holotype of Bulbothrix cinerea 4 Detail of the lower side of the holotype. Scale bars = 1 cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="spot tests">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spot tests.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">upper cortex K+ yellow, UV-; medulla K−, C-, KC+ rose, P+ reddish orange, UV-.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="tlc/hplc">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">TLC/HPLC</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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. cortical atranorin, medullary protocetraric and conprotocetraric acids (see also
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="343 - 349" title="Six new species of Parmelia from Africa." volume="23" year="1972">Hale 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
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). Analysis made by Dr. John A. Elix showed also salazinic and consalazinic acids on the isotype. In view of the condition of the collection, I believe it is a possible contaminant from mixed fragments of other thalli, since they are much agglomerated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Africa: Mozambique, Zambia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="343 - 349" title="Six new species of Parmelia from Africa." volume="23" year="1972">Hale 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)." volume="32" year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The holotype (Fig. 1) and the isotype (Fig. 2) consist of two fragments; the original specimen was apparently separated in half. Both type fragments are in good condition, but are still attached to a small twig which is glued to a card, making it difficult to clearly see the lower cortex. Both fragments contain well-developed apothecia and many pycnidia with mature ascospores and conidia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Compared to the original description (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="343 - 349" title="Six new species of Parmelia from Africa." volume="23" year="1972">Hale 1972</bibRefCitation>
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), the investigated type material showed some differences in the thallus anatomy. The thicknesses mentioned by Hale for the upper cortex (14.0−18.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), the algal layer (10.0−15.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), medulla (70.0−90.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) and lower cortex (12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) are smaller than those found here, especially for the medulla. The ascospores found were slightly larger.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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This is the only true species of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Bulbothrix</taxonomicName>
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with medullary protocetraric acid currently known, since
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subinflata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subinflata">Bulbothrix subinflata</taxonomicName>
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(Hale) Hale proved to be a
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelinopsis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Parmelinopsis</taxonomicName>
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species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Benatti, MN" journalOrPublisher="Mycotaxon" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="387 - 401" title="Four Parmeliaceae species excluded from Bulbothrix." url="10.5248/111.387" volume="111" year="2010">Benatti and Marcelli 2010</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Although the ciliary bulbs of
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix chowoensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chowoensis">Bulbothrix chowoensis</taxonomicName>
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are small and not as evident as in other species of the genus, they are noticeable even with the thickening of the marginal black line, and are even more easily seen when this line is brownish. The bulbs, even when subtle, have the typical anatomical structure containing idioblast cells and an oily substance (
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<bibRefCitation author="Hale, ME" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 32" title="A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Relicina (Parmeliaceae)." url="10.5479/si.0081024X.26" volume="26" year="1975">Hale 1975</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Feuerer, T" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus dem Institut fuer Allgemeine Botanik in Hamburg" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="101 - 107" title="Anatomy of pseudocyphellae and bulbate cilia in Parmeliaceae." volume="27" year="1997">Feuerer and Marth 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Benatti, MN" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Philolichenum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="21 - 25" title="A simple clearing technique to aid in the recognition of cilia and rhizinae struture in the Parmeliaceae." volume="9" year="2011">Benatti 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix hypocraea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypocraea">Bulbothrix hypocraea</taxonomicName>
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(Vainio) Hale differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix chowoensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="chowoensis">Bulbothrix chowoensis</taxonomicName>
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by the evidently maculate upper cortex, larger and more evident bulbate cilia, larger ascospores (8.0−14.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long) and by the presence of medullary salazinic acid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix setschwanensis" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="setschwanensis">Bulbothrix setschwanensis</taxonomicName>
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(Zahlbruckner) Hale differs in having - like
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix hypocrea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="hypocrea">Bulbothrix hypocrea</taxonomicName>
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- larger and more evident bulbate cilia, larger ascospores (12.0−19.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long) and medullary salazinic acid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix viatica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="viatica">Bulbothrix viatica</taxonomicName>
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Spielmann & Marcelli differs by the coronate apothecia, common and constant occurrence of laminal ciliary bulbs, larger ascospores (12.0−18.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long), variable coloration of the lower cortex and by the presence of medullary norstictic acid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix regnelliana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="regnelliana">Bulbothrix regnelliana</taxonomicName>
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Jungbluth, Marcelli & Elix differs by the coronate apothecia, the ascospores size (8.0−12.,0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long) and by the presence of medullary norstictic acid.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Bulbothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Bulbothrix subcoronata" order="Lecanorales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subcoronata">Bulbothrix subcoronata</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fée">Fee</normalizedToken>
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) Hale differs in by the black lower cortex with brown margins, coronate apothecia, and smaller ascospores (5.0−7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.0−5.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |