171 lines
18 KiB
XML
171 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C007E0894F5E10FFC1CE6F7E6CCA661F">Synopsis of the parasitic wasps Bephrata (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) in Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2ED2EAA72B99D4C24F5C199AD1E218D9">Perioto, Nelson W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE60D1E2765DA7D66C9E461D996BF51F">Lara, Rogéria I. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="98450F6C99841A0782CCEEC1AC27A9E9">Tavares, Marcelo T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5509F604152CAF0B303BCED84F211467">Rafael, José A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DECB837D0A7A47FD4E2BF5613C39B840">Iheringia, Série Zoologia</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CE821B58EF83340E9B824D89AEC4AE66">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="4BD9568C9F3D2866D4AA90425E937507">e 2023010</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="D1EF652FFE66445885D4FD98FD4E662D" box="[248,677,531,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE66445885D4FD98FD4E662D" blockId="3.[248,677,531,556]" box="[248,677,531,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="C20281C8FE66445885D4FD98FD4E662D" box="[248,677,531,556]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="5EF54D27FE66445885D4FD98FD4E662D" ID-CoL="C963H" authority="Gates & Hanson, 2009" authorityName="Gates & Hanson" authorityYear="2009" box="[248,677,531,556]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Bephrata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chica">
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<emphasis id="AB81EAB6FE66445885D4FD98FD4E662D" bold="true" box="[248,677,531,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="AB81EAB6FE66445885D4FD98FE4B662A" bold="true" box="[248,416,531,555]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bephrata chica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE664458848BFD9FFD4E662D" author="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E." box="[423,677,532,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="25 - 73" refId="ref10220" refString="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18 (1): 25 - 73." type="journal article" year="2009">Gates & Hanson, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D1EF652FFE664458848FFDC7FBE3650B" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE664458848FFDC7FE17665E" blockId="3.[419,508,588,607]" box="[419,508,588,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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(
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<figureCitation id="01CE2A21FE6644588485FDC7FE1F665E" box="[425,500,588,607]" captionStart="Figs 5, 6" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1877,1896]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,1308,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-525@3.[154,1434,1308,1856]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5, 6. Bephrata chica Gates & Hanson, 2009: 5, lateral habitus, female, holotype (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3- 9216-f4711473e5fa); 6, distribution map; red circles = previous records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13266786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13266786/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE66445885CFFD08FD13673E" blockId="3.[149,776,643,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<materialsCitation id="299D3CF9FE66445885CFFD08FD13673E" collectingDate="1995-10-08" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="S. Okone Gare Camp & T. Erwin" country="Ecuador" elevation="220" latitude="-0.65277773" location="Reserva Etnica Waorani" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.433334" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="holotype">
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Material examined.
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<specimenCount id="8FF3FD2DFE66445884E2FD0FFDDC669A" box="[462,567,643,668]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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.
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<typeStatus id="464E8806FE664458876BFD08FD44669A" box="[583,687,643,667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female (
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<collectionCode id="FFE4AE61FE66445885B3FD2FFF1966BD" box="[159,242,676,700]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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) (images examined, available at http://n
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<quantity id="5E0D9B41FE66445887EDFD2FFD3D66BD" box="[705,726,676,700]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="t" value="2.0">2t</quantity>
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.net/ ark:/65665/397e42c5d-9088-4da3-8cb1-b52a5adf3732): “
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<collectingCountry id="E1E27634FE664458858DFD6DFECC66FF" box="[161,295,742,766]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="5B31F846FE6644588403FD6DFE8066FC" box="[303,363,742,765]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Napo</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="9C2A607FFE6644588459FD6DFD9866FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:115C87B2FE66445885D4FD98FBE3650B:9C2A607FFE6644588459FD6DFD9866FF" box="[373,627,742,766]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-0.65277773" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.433334" name="Reserva Etnica Waorani" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Napo">Reserva Etnica Waorani</location>
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, Transect Ent.
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<quantity id="5E0D9B41FE66445885BBFC8CFF20671F" box="[151,203,774,799]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
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<collectorName id="34005372FE66445885FCFC8CFE5B671E" box="[208,432,774,799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">S. Okone Gare Camp</collectorName>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FCC15063FE6644588495FC8CFDDD671E" box="[441,566,775,799]" degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-0.65277773">00°39’10”S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="FCC15063FE6644588717FC8DFD5E671F" box="[571,693,774,798]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-76.433334">76°26’0”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="5E0D9B41FE6644588793FC8CFCE9671F" box="[703,770,775,799]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="220.0">
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<elevation id="12D8D197FE6644588793FC8CFCE9671F" box="[703,770,775,799]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="220.0">220 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="ED4B1064FE66445885BBFCACFF17673E" box="[151,252,807,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1995-10-08">
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<collectingDate id="FD0FE98CFE66445885BBFCACFF17673E" box="[151,252,807,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="1995-10-08">8.X.1995</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="34005372FE664458842BFCA3FE8F673E" box="[263,356,807,831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. Erwin</collectorName>
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et al., Canopy fogging, t10.5 #1265”.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE66445885CFFCC3FE9667C3" blockId="3.[149,776,643,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Identification.According to
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<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE664458872BFCC3FCEC6761" author="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E." box="[519,775,840,864]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="25 - 73" refId="ref10220" refString="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18 (1): 25 - 73." type="journal article" year="2009">GATES & HANSON (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="5EF54D27FE66445885B9FCE2FF1B6780" authorityName="Gates & Hanson" authorityYear="2009" box="[149,240,873,897]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Bephrata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chica">
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<emphasis id="AB81EAB6FE66445885B9FCE2FF1B6780" box="[149,240,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B. chica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a small species, with about
|
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<quantity id="5E0D9B41FE6644588767FCE2FD606781" box="[587,651,873,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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long, with black mesosoma (except yellowish lateral pronotum) and yellowish lower face.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE66445885CFFC40FE8360A6" blockId="3.[149,776,643,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Discussion.
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<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE664458844BFC40FD9B67E2" author="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E." box="[359,624,971,995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="25 - 73" refId="ref10220" refString="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18 (1): 25 - 73." type="journal article" year="2009">GATES & HANSON (2009</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 40), when describing
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<taxonomicName id="5EF54D27FE6644588421FC67FE596005" authorityName="Gates & Hanson" authorityYear="2009" box="[269,434,1004,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Bephrata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chica">
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<emphasis id="AB81EAB6FE6644588421FC67FE596005" box="[269,434,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bephrata chica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, stated that this species “can be distinguished by its black hind legs (except for the tarsi)”. However, when analyzing the holotype’s image, we verified that the hind leg of this specimen has coxa and femur almost entirely colored of yellowish brown, brown tibia, and yellowish tarsi.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE66445885CFFB3BFCEC60E8" blockId="3.[149,776,643,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="5EF54D27FE66445885CFFB3BFE9460C9" authorityName="Gates & Hanson" authorityYear="2009" box="[227,383,1200,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Bephrata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chica">
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<emphasis id="AB81EAB6FE66445885CFFB3BFE9460C9" box="[227,383,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Bephrata chica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been found previously in
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<collectingCountry id="E1E27634FE6644588786FB3BFCEF60C9" box="[682,772,1200,1224]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">EQuador</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
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<collectingCountry id="E1E27634FE66445885BBFB5AFF2360E9" box="[151,200,1233,1256]" name="Peru" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
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and
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<collectingCountry id="E1E27634FE664458842FFB5AFEAF60E8" box="[259,324,1233,1257]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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(AM) (
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<figureCitation id="01CE2A21FE66445884B2FB5AFE3160E8" box="[414,474,1233,1257]" captionStart="Figs 5, 6" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1877,1896]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,1308,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-525@3.[154,1434,1308,1856]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 5, 6. Bephrata chica Gates & Hanson, 2009: 5, lateral habitus, female, holotype (modified from http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/m30b51a95d-d90f-4fd3- 9216-f4711473e5fa); 6, distribution map; red circles = previous records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13266786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13266786/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig 6</figureCitation>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE66445884D9FB5AFCE860E8" author="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E." box="[501,771,1233,1257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="25 - 73" refId="ref10220" refString="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18 (1): 25 - 73." type="journal article" year="2009">GATES & HANSON, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="994A36A4FE6644588601FF39FBE3650B" blockId="3.[812,1437,178,266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE6644588601FF39FC4464CB" author="NOYES, J. S." box="[813,943,178,202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10899" refString="NOYES, J. S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available at <http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids>. Accessed in 24 June 2021." type="url" year="2019">NOYES, 2019</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Only
|
||
<specimenCount id="8FF3FD2DFE66445886D7FF39FB7964CB" box="[1019,1170,178,202]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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(
|
||
<typeStatus id="464E8806FE66445881B1FF39FAE864CB" box="[1181,1283,178,202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) are known for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E1E27634FE6644588600FF59FC9B64EB" box="[812,880,210,234]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, both collected in Amazonas state (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE66445881F6FF59FC8D650B" author="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="25 - 73" refId="ref10220" refString="GATES, M. W. & HANSON, P. E. 2009. A revision of Bephrata and Isosomodes (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 18 (1): 25 - 73." type="journal article" year="2009">GATES & HANSON, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FD644B55FE664458865CFF79FC16650B" author="NOYES, J. S." box="[880,1021,242,266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref10899" refString="NOYES, J. S. 2019. Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available at <http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids>. Accessed in 24 June 2021." type="url" year="2019">NOYES, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |