247 lines
32 KiB
XML
247 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="115140C96BCF5F0C3B61A513BDB0320A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Astropecten marginatus Gray 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:115140C96BCF5F0C3B61A513BDB0320A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/115140C96BCF5F0C3B61A513BDB0320A" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName LSID="115140C9-6BCF-5F0C-3B61-A513BDB0320A" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten marginatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marginatus">Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Some species of the family Astropectinidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Astropecten marginatus (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Detail of the superomarginal fig, and E Actinal view of the arm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figures 6a-e</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Some common starfishes in their natural habitat. A Luidia senegalensis in a sand beach B Astropecten marginatus in a hypersaline mangrove C Oreaster reticulatus in a sand beach D Linckia guildingi on coral reefs E Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus in seagrass beds and F Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus over the muddy bottom of a hypersaline mangrove. Photos: Thelma LP Dias." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">, 12b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten marginatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marginatus">Astropecten marginatus</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1840: 181.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 14, pl. 2, fig. 5;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 5, fig. 15.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 7, pl. 4, fig. 1.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 11.
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<bibRefCitation author="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="51 - 130" publicationUrl="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" refId="B26" refString="Carrera-Rodriguez, CJ, Tommasi, LR, 1977. Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N/Oc. "Prof. W. Besnard" para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 26: 51 - 130, DOI: 10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" title="Asteroidea de la plataforma continental de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), colecionados durante los viajes del N / Oc. " Prof. W. Besnard " para el proyecto Rio Grande do Sul." url="10.1590/S0373-55241977000100004" volume="26" year="1977">Carrera-Rodrigues and Tommasi 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 88-89.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B136" refString="Tommasi, LR, Castro,, SM, Sousa, EC, 1988. Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N/Oc. "Almirante Saldanha" no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. In: Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 11" title="Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental." volumeTitle="Relatorios Internos do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1988">Tommasi et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 5.
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<bibRefCitation author="Nomura, H" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos da Estacao de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceara" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="15 - 29" refId="B107" refString="Nomura, H, Fausto Filho, J, 1966. Shrimp survey in coastal and offshore waters of northeastern Brazil. Arquivos da Estacao de Biologia Marinha da Universidade Federal do Ceara 6: 15 - 29" title="Shrimp survey in coastal and offshore waters of northeastern Brazil." volume="6" year="1966">Nomura and Fausto Filho 1966</bibRefCitation>
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: 19.
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<bibRefCitation author="Gondim, AI" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="151 - 159" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" refId="B46" refString="Gondim, AI, Lacouth, P, Alonso, C, Manso, CLC, 2008. Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 8: 151 - 159, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" title="Echinodermata da praia do Cabo Branco, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000200016" volume="8" year="2008">Gondim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 155.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima, EJB" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="55 - 63" refId="B71" refString="Lima, EJB, Fernandes, MLB, 2009. Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Zoociencias 11: 55 - 63" title="Diversidade de equinodermos (Echinodermata) no Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil)." volume="11" year="2009">Lima and Fernandes 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 58.
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 75.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1857" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten ciliatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ciliatus">Astropecten ciliatus</taxonomicName>
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Grube, 1857: 340.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten richardi" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="richardi">Astropecten richardi</taxonomicName>
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Gary, 1840: 181.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten orans" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="orans">Astropecten orans</taxonomicName>
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Sluiter, 1895: 54.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Rio Grande do Norte: Areia Branca, Ponta do Mel, 2 spec., UFPB/ECH.1842, 23.VI.1982.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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: Cabedelo, Miramar Beach, 1 spec., UFPB/ECH.1840, 03.II.1983;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="23,3" value="-7.123139">7°7'23,3"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27,9" value="-34.80775">34°48'27,9"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 spec., UFPB/ECH.1839, 14.IX.1980;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
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Pessoa,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tambaú">Tambau</normalizedToken>
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Beach, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.864, 03.X.2007. Pernambuco: Goiana, Catuama, UFPB/ECH.1427, 1 spec., 31.X.1982.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Unknown (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Body flattened. Five broad, triangular arms (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Some species of the family Astropectinidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Astropecten marginatus (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Detail of the superomarginal fig, and E Actinal view of the arm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6a, b</figureCitation>
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). Abactinal surface covered by paxillae arranged in regular transversal rows. Circular madreporite positioned marginally in one of the abactinal intermediate areas. Carinal paxillae slightly smaller than the adradials (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Some species of the family Astropectinidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Astropecten marginatus (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Detail of the superomarginal fig, and E Actinal view of the arm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6d</figureCitation>
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). Paxillae small with 6-8 central spinelets and 12 marginal spinelets, all short and blunts. Superomarginal figs granulose, broader (~3.89 mm) than long (~2.00 mm) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Some species of the family Astropectinidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Astropecten marginatus (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Detail of the superomarginal fig, and E Actinal view of the arm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6c, d</figureCitation>
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). Inferomarginal figs granulose, with two thick, blunt, parallel spines of similar length (~3.92 mm) and one small spine positioned laterally in relation to the other two. These spines form a well defined marginal bundle. Actinal surface with inferomarginal figs partially naked, having two series of marginal spines positioned laterally and one other marginal series with four thin, elongate, and flattened spines (~1.66 mm), located behind the aboral marginal row of spines (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Some species of the family Astropectinidae recorded in northeastern Brazil. Astropecten marginatus (A-E) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Abactinal view of the arm D Detail of the superomarginal fig, and E Actinal view of the arm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6e</figureCitation>
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). Adambulacral figs with a series of small spines on the proximal face and three long, narrow, and flattened adambulacral spines, the median of which is longest and widest. Six elongate, narrow, and pointed oral spines (~1.67 mm). Ocular fig small and bilobed.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Some species of the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E.Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Astropectinidae</taxonomicName>
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recorded in northeastern Brazil.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten marginatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astropecten marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(A-E)</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
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Abactinal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
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Actinal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
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Abactinal view of the arm
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
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Detail of the superomarginal fig, and
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E</emphasis>
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Actinal view of the arm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Colour.</emphasis>
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Dorsally either blue with white margins (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) or uniformly orange-coloured (
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<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Most specimens collected in northeastern Brazil vary from cream-coloured to grayish. Dried specimens become white.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil (
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). In Brazil: CE, PB, PE, RJ, SP, SC, and RS (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). This is the first record for the littoral of Rio Grande do Norte. From 1 to 130 m in depth (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten marginatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astropecten marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from the remaining species of the genus known from Brazil for having large, triangular arms and two long, thick and blunt spines on each inferomarginal fig. Unlike other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astropecten</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten marginatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astropecten marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shows little morphological variation in characters considered of taxonomic interest (
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<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
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). We observed both juveniles (R = 11.73 mm) and adults (R = 81.41 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="ecological notes">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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This species lives in substrates containing sand or sand with mud (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortega, I" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B112" refString="Ortega, I, Martin, A, Diaz, Y, 2010. Distribucion, parametros poblacionales y dieta de Astropecten marginatus (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) en el Atlantico venezolano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 59: 53 - 69" title="Distribucion, parametros poblacionales y dieta de Astropecten marginatus (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) en el Atlantico venezolano." volume="59" year="2010">Ortega et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). As most species of the genus, it is an active predator with a generalist food diet (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortega, I" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="53 - 69" refId="B112" refString="Ortega, I, Martin, A, Diaz, Y, 2010. Distribucion, parametros poblacionales y dieta de Astropecten marginatus (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) en el Atlantico venezolano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 59: 53 - 69" title="Distribucion, parametros poblacionales y dieta de Astropecten marginatus (Asteroidea: Astropectinidae) en el Atlantico venezolano." volume="59" year="2010">Ortega et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). This is one of the most common species in northeastern Brazil, being abundant below 2-4 m (
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<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Together with other species in the genus, populations of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Astropectinidae" genus="Astropecten" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astropecten marginatus" order="Paxillosida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marginatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Astropecten marginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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suffer great collecting pressures from bottom trawling fishing nets. Presently it is included among the Brazilian species vulnerable to extinction (
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<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |