303 lines
37 KiB
XML
303 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="67640B64FC7FFE66861A9DBCC4F79D17">New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E056F76BFADE98150CE2338C46F6FC0C">Hilliar, Storm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="550F0B715414FA534956871A8AA9D364">Waterworth, Samantha</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413165" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Latrunculiidae" scope_order="Poecilosclerida">
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<subSubSection id="00CF97C9A230C4C77BF8DB34A6C78209" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="62A569E1F56FD91F7BAC3DB33FE4BA65" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="9E7B4C0B3EEA668E29D1AE93D08FCF74" ID-CoL="86XCV" LSID="10454B53BBF65BC98B4F6E5FD3C17E07" authority="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003" authorityName="Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman" authorityYear="2003" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">Tsitsikamma pedunculata Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="362EF2B7800995FF978BBB9F4ED28D4D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">
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Figure 2
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<normalizedToken id="834A4CD7F9939FBB28D3DE6BA1447DAC" originalValue="a–l">a-l</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="877AE0B5FDB7DE65011A7FE5C1C8C892" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="84F0DDAD8968334F9A895A025A24208E" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="C8BB6E9E6DA8EF764C631CED20AEC7B2" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
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<pageBreakToken id="E0B722761FA6FB87D87CA28517CBE78C" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" start="start">Tsitsikamma</pageBreakToken>
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pedunculata
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</taxonomicName>
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Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly and Davies-Coleman, 2003: 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7A927BF9081172199FEC9E6CA9DD5987" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="F7C046E184E2B406A5FBAD2A4AF66094" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FD5E220D9B4DF34EC4A1F54A55C1212" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis id="C5684622E3436752B125092C364F3E44" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Holotype.</emphasis>
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- NHMUK 2003.1.10.2 (CASIZ 300661): Thunderbolt Reef off Cape Recife, St. Francis Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="33C12209173571AA92901EB599F49C7D" degrees="34.05233" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.05233">-34.05233</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A8816459E001019DC5BEDA34A27C6004" degrees="25.68933" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.68933">25.68933</geoCoordinate>
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, 40 m depth, 25 February 1999, collected by P.L. Colin, CRRF (after
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<bibRefCitation id="512642FCCBB0A6F9D9278800EA1CC126" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7421A75AC8EC1E4DC0489109D24F21E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3B991E7CABE77832C2A13F1603599FC8" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C51202FFBB51F3A321AEF1105D9BCF9C" pageId="6" pageNumber="107">
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SAIAB 207194: St. Francis Bay, 5 November 2002, specific collection site unknown; SAIAB 207195, SAIAB 207196: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="A79547F4EAD05184F452F5304308ECFE" degrees="33.84418" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84418">-33.84418</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E692B0E03963C59780E923CEF51CE0B3" degrees="25.81522" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81522">25.81522</geoCoordinate>
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, 34-38 m depth, 30 October 2015, collected by Ryan Palmer and Shirley-Parker-Nance, ROV from the coastal Research Vessel uKwabelana; SAIAB 207197, SAIAB 207198, SAIAB 207199, SAIAB 207200: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="9B63A6A1A2465F6F3B5DC115D081BAEE" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5F0F8E9E48D511F41FCCFB3733A921E5" degrees="25.81663" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81663">25.81663</geoCoordinate>
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, 30-34 m depth, 12 November 2015, collected by Ryan Palmer and Shirley-Parker-Nance, ROV from the coastal Research Vessel uKwabelana
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B1BBAFF4520020FEA2AC015D3EE1394C" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="56B9D65F192F7E87686F17B402DAAB11" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<pageBreakToken id="8040BABC3206447971A86484B5E95601" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6131196B842F0E48F59955E41610149" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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(emended from
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<bibRefCitation id="542A72A8A6189E2E56C037F15D3F2D00" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Characteristic dirty pink, pink-brown pedunculate species with well-defined, ball-shaped head, up to 7 cm in diameter, on a narrow stalk, 1-3 cm wide and up to 7 cm long (
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<figureCitation id="81C61D39208DB2DB330F3205D776A228" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2a, b</figureCitation>
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). Living sponges appear dirty pink although this is often obscured by epibionts, especially the yellow encrusting
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<taxonomicName id="76C6C628F40CA8E02CFB89A2CA0B0649" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
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sponge also found growing on other members of this genus (
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<figureCitation id="AC4E5C348EAE324E85CFD325F7734A91" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">
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Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="ABC8E2A8D753C9D7E59F958CFDAEA92B" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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). Freshly collected material is a dusty pink to pink-brown to dark purple while preserved material has an olive green, cream to tan colour (
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<figureCitation id="7A782A59466E825F18C9741855D365C9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
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). Small well-spaced cone-shaped oscula 1.5-2 mm high and 1.5-3 mm in diameter are present over the upper part of the head gradually replaced by small to bigger elevated circular fungiform areolate porefields, 1-4.5 mm high and 2-7.5 mm in diameter, toward the base where the stalk is attached (
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<figureCitation id="8E8015198A1CCC90B5663697444A3251" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
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). In preserved specimens the oscula retain their shape but the upper border of the porefields contracts inwards giving it a button like appearance. A tough, resistant leathery ectosome surrounds a much softer choanosome. The sponge is resilient, but compressible. Salmon pink to pinkish brown between the oscula and dark pink between the areolate porefields.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" ID-Table-UUID="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
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<paragraph id="4C9CA2D6B54FC206858521A9EEC7DFF6" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="7F424D8E70701573CB7550BD97FCC0D3" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Table 2.</emphasis>
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Skeletal and spicule dimensions (µm) for
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<taxonomicName id="ACFD065933AF36339D7A401346484D42" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
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<emphasis id="DA15AB8450D37D6EDF1129FF082FCD89" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="252FEE8A46A1FD1959BE5FF1687F6D2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
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<th id="5B3D3CABF7D9E0AEB7074F892F753838" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">-</th>
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|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C29DFD8AE3E74395E28420F54C487294" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="70678CCD8405FDE8FE2A0D70CAD1D4E0" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">Examined material</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54A7958511D065E84B590F1AE90EE1B5" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="B6FB08ADBCA09EDA303590E5F41EDB80" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">Ectosome</td>
|
||
<td id="C9E0EE517CFEF76250D82A05CD240047" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">1300</td>
|
||
<td id="A8D82676DC4442DB0A162607E147B9AD" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">818 (200-1800) (n = 11)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BCDEC84C92A32815DB5B188E16336F4D" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="388AE5D9E401FD7BDDA542D56132E093" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="3">Styles</td>
|
||
<td id="60995C66797F16CC5CE957A1A834BB52" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(i) 684 (591-728) x 16</td>
|
||
<td id="80B94471B287FCDA487378405D55BCB5" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(i) 636 (541-788) x 15 (12-17)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFC185E80DB1E3FC75FF1BABFEDB0A59" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="81D40FE056ECDA34A29CEF0E469C99A2" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(ii) 536 (500-555) x 11</td>
|
||
<td id="A9F93527BDA79228B3A0A5285D4C6B9A" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(ii) 673 (562-798) x 11 (4-15)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D82DB94ED2FE6470F9401859D72F1BF1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="B40D2C16B5151CDB1B8719569923C1F4" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 20)</td>
|
||
<td id="6F834B525A2B6DB2E9C0C2BA06036A7A" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 160)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F02045BB030D6F157B9D3012FDD58232" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="790CE33659FC64F5F29F050A49465FD5" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="6">Isochiadiscorhabds</td>
|
||
<td id="42C1C98DA820224FB19247CF0564BE0B" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">29 (27-30) x 7</td>
|
||
<td id="28E74EA7D925C4A70F20AFDB849B5D24" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">29 (26-34) x 7 (5-9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7A078BB1B99B2EEE5FBFB0BAE36334E8" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="0009AEC8FA2B9F44B29A368140299719" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 20)</td>
|
||
<td id="8B8CDB1E06D2F74DC4253FFA1F536372" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">Additional measurements</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A79F41A3AE99D301787840CD0581F640" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="9E6D7EA5ED86563CA6B37C1CBB50CADA" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="4">-</td>
|
||
<td id="A2DDB304E7CBAD6A1DF55666FF57E393" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">shaft length 19 (16-24)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C63541D84A569A0F93B4F39DA417E8F3" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="5C4895B5D25308189A8254C639119A4E" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">apex whorl diameter 19 (12-24)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="93BED2E0B24C9529D7798E9967579A04" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="5371E624E8E727586BEFA0DF1B23D806" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">manubrium diameter 23 (19-27)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E106F22862792D0BF02EECA16D63DD64" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<td id="7024B75FEBECE3E46B39455B01460406" colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" rowspan="1">(n = 80)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7CFC34FB92AA10F06AEF1FB5332B35D7" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="C00A6B850A92E896BF146E8F078326F2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Skeleton..</emphasis>
|
||
Microscleres are abundant throughout the choanosome and form an irregular palisade of oblique or erect microscleres over the dense feltwork of tangential and paratangential styles together forming the ectosome (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="23C3188FCA810D2AC129F5006B0E4BA9" captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA">2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F276E78DCCCCEE58B9F0222ECB92B449" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
|
||
) The resistant ectosome encapsulate soft choanosome with delicate tracts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B06EFA857B2016F6EB03E79B1BF5226B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="740D29E649D8291E64C84FAB655AFBDD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stalk consists of densely arranged spicules and has longitudinal cavities filled with soft choanosome tissue distributed regularly along the axis of the reinforced stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9D89F47C4F711418C471536540816ED" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2c, f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="40155E6609616A43E7355FA88C508CE6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="4EBFE38DE8463D07DB04F92EFF8AC2DE" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DAA052BEF4AF71A3E67F1BAB6E76CA6" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E67A9976FD0EE42B5695882631CA5F52" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma pedunculata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E41329CCEA00B17B70647DAD78FBCC3D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Tsitsikamma pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="D06B14614A4311E32927088DB7F43939" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">a, b</emphasis>
|
||
in situ
|
||
<emphasis id="956576666F752FB830D20979A576D30E" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">c</emphasis>
|
||
collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B563E3955B01ADE54D643BFA260A0691" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Mycale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4283755E0A63DE55FA8322C33DBF1D6" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Mycale</taxonomicName>
|
||
) sp. SAIAB 207196
|
||
<emphasis id="95D8DBCE5D71FAFAD8C69B2A2A9391FE" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">d</emphasis>
|
||
section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166
|
||
<emphasis id="60186118C8370D8E585D844084C02C85" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">e</emphasis>
|
||
outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166
|
||
<emphasis id="975CE68A94C38E45498F3DF9ABB222C8" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">f</emphasis>
|
||
section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166
|
||
<emphasis id="DE9AAF0C63E093E0AEABDC6478176B2D" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">g, h</emphasis>
|
||
various sinuous styles
|
||
<emphasis id="8A7D05837D2D7CDF17C84635E60A5D88" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">i, j</emphasis>
|
||
collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds
|
||
<emphasis id="17F3B3528D197E29059406DDBD14949F" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">k, l</emphasis>
|
||
light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="926606A40D119CC0A9D26C4E3A8A673B" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">b)</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="97681600348403B2A3C2D2168EA28B31" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">d)</emphasis>
|
||
; 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5565B0349D5DE60313B67528BE43068F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A578A9AED2DBB3160FE96CEDDDACE2" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">g, h)</emphasis>
|
||
; 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1388AD35858CCDDF58C84DF3346F8967" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="30573DC61746461EDB014451D197C612" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="093801629FE930BFC5C6CE14248EB700" originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5798866369A2E145AAF767F3C3E1C71E" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="5142C8BD2AFC4840C08E30DCBBF7B5E8" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="F74E6D640BD754BEE4DB61AEA1F0BE0E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
. Megascleres
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
consist of two size classes of styles; (i) slightly sinuous, robust centrally thickened, acerate, conical, hastate or somewhat blunt even mucronate styles, and (ii) thin conspicuously sinuous and sometimes conspicuously centrally thickened styles (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="6BCA292E29C08571D59DCB6E0984CE33" captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA">2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C70022F7BFED851C5859A40BB5580700" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">Fig. 2g, h</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="96A227236B40527315090AA9BAA7EC72" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Microscleres.</emphasis>
|
||
Isochiadiscorhabds with only two whorls of cylindrical, conical tubercles acanthose on apex, arranged on the ends of a short shaft (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E4486AEDD4C3C91DC8CDB769D87CD12E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B15" refString="Samaai, T, Gibbons, MJ, Kelly, M, Davies-Coleman, M, 2003. South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly. Zootaxa 371: 1 - 26" title="South African Latrunculiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida): descriptions of new species of Latrunculia du Bocage, Strongylodesma Levi, and Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.371.1.1" volume="371" year="2003">Samaai et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The large manubrium is easily distinguishable from the conspicuously smaller apex with terminally acanthose tubercles arranged in a pincushion-like way to form the apex whorl of the microsclere (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="CE7647F777F170D01B42EABC9AA81612" captionStartId="T2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableUuid="118C90BF1A67BE92394B2350C17A0CFA">2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="226A8602B2C6B517D2C6C8D4ACC35477" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tsitsikamma pedunculata a, b in situ c collected specimens showing vascular stalk and covered with sponge epibiont Mycale (Mycale) sp. SAIAB 207196 d section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 207166 e outer section of ectosome with chiadiscorhabds in a dense layer externally SAIAB 207166 f section through the stalk showing lumen of vascular-interior SAIAB 207166 g, h various sinuous styles i, j collection of SEM images of chiadiscorhabds k, l light microscope image of chiadiscorhabds. Scale bars 6 cm (b); 1 cm (d); 100 µm (g, h); 20 µm (i-l)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338776" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure2">
|
||
Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="224B80ABDE94D2143AAC9AD6E509A670" originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7ABF5CB4034C7DBD5D6CE12C0A41C617" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="36658F6D18670D7C14B3C2A07EE68157" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B97B8643A262589A4AF12C0CB7C4392" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Algoa Bay and St. Francis Bay</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="57A9DFE396F8A80F02D18A988F7EF316" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" type="substrate, depth range and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4574CF3A921B448642BF1C91CBECB9D6" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Substrate, depth range and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="249B70E8801BFAC13154F7E7AF98EE65" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Abundant on deep reef systems between 34-40 m. All specimens collected were attached to rock on the sides of medium profile reef
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="4FE33FAC87085E7DB496813C2A3B0B74" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" start="start">adjacent</pageBreakToken>
|
||
to sandy gullies. A thin delicate light yellow
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE1E0C93E4D38560F88DA894F6730CC4" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycale (Mycale)" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Mycale">Mycale (Mycale)</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is commonly found growing on the globular head surface around the oscula and porefields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="98F7DE20F2128A0E9BA5B5705902746E" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="7FF5C8E4FCC8B8DE1BA5D4F4D5F93460" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E7D00C6E71C2CABE8692EAA050A7BAA6" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">The shape of the sponge, the long peduncle, round head, colour and the shape of the microscleres set this species well apart from any other species in this genus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CFF78E4B320BF3F35775AEF4B0C0C85C" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">
|
||
No intraspecific genetic diversity was found for the 28S rRNA gene sequence of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE32AD5E41CA0CA3C4302CB83F759339" lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="49BB1C4DEF15C11449912D5DEEE60B3D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in this study. An interspecific genetic diversity of 0.32-0.65 % for the 28S rRNA gene sequence was found between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43766A51B77D915495DCB1DDCF2E8FA1" lsidName="T. pedunculata" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BD2911B7AA61ED02B1CEC06EE0F87B4" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">T. pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45A40941E4EF4353C23D00DEC0A7533F" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E0120F087A2F9D9D52648B64ED262CF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1: Table S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |