299 lines
35 KiB
XML
299 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="ECEA43A9959DE7BB6523D481242F6425" ID-CLB-Dataset="295355" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11066989" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f4a111e7-e61a-437c-8be4-99dfa6f20262" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11066989" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1714050787375" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Daniel, Thomas F." docDate="2018" docId="0F7687E01B68FF9AD7FAFD33A347033C" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.64.9.319-332.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.1:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Ruellia L." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="326" masterDocId="F34FFF981B6FFF92D751FF8DA069002B" masterDocTitle="Chromosome Numbers of Some Cultivated Acanthaceae with Notes on Chromosomal Evolution in the Family" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="319" pageNumber="326" updateTime="1714653973389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="82004C3172A2C7BCC9465E48C20B0BF6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="47B09E91D15E43C7AF6C200E458D0AE4">
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<mods:title id="16D27A2D3379266E6BC5EA1E69999AC4">Chromosome Numbers of Some Cultivated Acanthaceae with Notes on Chromosomal Evolution in the Family</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3E6A4417A9285DA936857BEFED1744E9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D05B1318C8F76CCAAA65491504608ADF">Daniel, Thomas F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="21C1ADAD6AA512A752945F8A63EF231B">Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2532CDA6C0D541AC2CB4FE5D713A2BFA" type="email">tdaniel@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FD59BB2445475A38053CD4CB22547839">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1709EA525C27780F803E273FF1CADF1D">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CE8B6E2DB39E3D74B5B1872D718C2BAE">
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<mods:date id="9B4B124A64131A97CBB1F13C75A0C357">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="06AA66E5BF2189AB28CD6F30C290083B" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8786EECFB3FA3A09ED7D57BA7CBB92C7">2018-03-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1D137D18EF93B4C1C3DC93CB2F1D8C4E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DDCECC7A953B50CB7E8FDCCA719307D2">64</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BBF2FFD7E18B937C43D2062275245DC0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D20C935E9CDA4C1EE6E280D44414A58F">9</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8E0A11B87572C79E387BC515FAB67A5B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4F9215CFC5F6AC562D9F7CBA16BBC71D" type="CLB-Dataset">295355</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="23D56099EBDD2FFEB135248AFB3913AC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11066989</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6BD009E23FF428C69871987FDA5D06A5" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0F7687E01B68FF9AD7FAFD33A347033C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11104237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11104237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7687E01B68FF9AD7FAFD33A347033C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F7687E01B68FF9AD7FAFD33A347033C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="326" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">
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<subSubSection id="CFC5657D1B68FF95D7FAFD33A17202FD" box="[171,283,702,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="876036F61B68FF95D7FAFD33A17202FD" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,1725]" box="[171,283,702,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D7FAFD33A17202FD" ID-CoL="63RJB" authority="L." authorityName="L." box="[171,283,702,726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D7FAFD33A17E02FD" bold="true" box="[171,279,702,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D7FAFD33A09202FD" bold="true" box="[171,251,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Ruellia</emphasis>
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L
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</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CFC5657D1B68FF9AD64BFD32A347033C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" type="description">
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<paragraph id="876036F61B68FF95D64BFD32A0A90570" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">
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—
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D66EFD33A1E502FD" box="[319,396,702,726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D66EFD33A1E502FD" box="[319,396,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Ruellia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ruellieae: Ruelliinae) consists of about 350 species worldwide, with most of them occurring in the Western Hemisphere. The chromosome number
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D49EFD52A3B502DD" box="[975,988,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
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= 17 is common to at least 43 species occurring throughout its range in the New World (i.e., North America, Central America, South America, and the West Indies). Our counts of
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D426FCADA3ED031C" box="[887,900,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
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= 17 (or ca. 17) for four Neotropical species confirm this number for them. Chromosomes of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D404FCCDA09D035C" authority="(Oerst.) Tripp & McDade" authorityName="Tripp & McDade" baseAuthorityName="Oerst." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D404FCCDA394037C" box="[853,1021,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. costaricensis</emphasis>
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(Oerst.) Tripp & McDade
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1FE42A731B68FF95D655FCD2A1320353" box="[260,347,863,888]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="1.[155,167,1386,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-143@1.[552,1176,960,1711]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2 (lower right). Chromosomes of Acanthaceae in pollen mother cells. A. Ruellia costaricensis, telophase II, n = 17. B. Strobilan- thes hamiltoniana, telophase I (distance between poles of cell reduced for presentation), n = 11. C. Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum, metaphase I, n = 21. D. Peristrophe speciosa, metaphase I, n = 30. E. Strobilanthes hamiltoni- ana, diakinesis (showing nucleolus, n), n = 11. Chromosomes shown in outline only are touch- ing or overlapping other chromosomes. Scale applies to all figures. See Table 1 for voucher information." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11104127" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11104127/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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), a species of
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<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D6A9FCD2A201035C" box="[504,616,863,887]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D524FCEDA287035C" box="[629,750,863,888]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D479FCEDA316035C" box="[808,895,864,887]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, were previously counted by
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D7CDFC0DA15E03B3" author="DANIEL, T. F." box="[156,311,896,920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref8114" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 a. Additional chromosome numbers of American Acanthaceae. Systematic Botany 25: 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel (2000a</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D60EFC0DA2FB03B3" authority="Oerst." authorityName="Oerst." box="[351,658,896,920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Blechum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricense">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D60EFC0DA22003BC" box="[351,585,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Blechum costaricense</emphasis>
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Oerst.
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</taxonomicName>
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) for this rarely cultivated species. Our count for
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D72AFC2CA18D0393" authority="(Nees) Hemsl." authorityName="Hemsl." baseAuthorityName="Nees" box="[123,484,928,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dipteracanthus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D72AFC2CA1550393" box="[123,316,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. dipteracanthus</emphasis>
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(Nees) Hemsl.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1FE42A731B68FF95D6A4FC2DA22E0393" box="[501,583,928,952]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="1.[155,167,989,1008]" captionTargetBox="[540,1176,273,951]" captionTargetId="figure-140@1.[552,1176,273,936]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 (upper right). Chromosomes of Acanthaceae in pollen mother cells. A. Dyscho- riste thunbergiiflora, metaphase II (only half of cell shown), n = 15. B. Brillantaisia owariensis, telophase I, n = 16 (with one lagging chromo- some toward “upper” pole). C. Brillantaisia owariensis, metaphase I, n = 16. D. Ruellia ele- gans, diakenesis (showing nucleolus, n), n = 17. E. Crossandra infundibuliformis, metaphase I, n = 19. F. Ruellia dipteracanthus, metaphase I, n = 17. G. Justicia scheidweileri, metaphase I, n = 14. Chromosomes shown in outline only are touching or overlapping other chromosomes. Scale applies to all figures. See Table 1 for voucher information." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
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), presumably native to
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<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D401FC2DA3CD0393" box="[848,932,928,952]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, agrees with previous counts by
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D7BFFC4DA11C03F3" author="GRANT, W. F." box="[238,373,960,984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="121 - 150" refId="ref8594" refString="GRANT, W. F. 1955. A cytogenetic study of the Acanthaceae. Brittonia 8: 121 - 150." type="journal article" year="1955">Grant (1955</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D6F0FC4CA29803F3" authority="(Fenzl) Schaffnit" authorityName="Schaffnit" baseAuthorityName="Fenzl" box="[417,753,960,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="squarrosa">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D6F0FC4CA24403F3" box="[417,557,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. squarrosa</emphasis>
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(Fenzl) Schaffnit
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</taxonomicName>
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, and as “
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D408FC4DA42003F3" authority="Leonard" authorityName="Leonard" box="[857,1097,960,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">R. fluviatilis Leonard</taxonomicName>
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,” nom. ined., voucher at
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<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D668FC6DA13203D3" box="[313,347,992,1016]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">US</collectingCountry>
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seen). The counts for two Brazilian species,
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D41DFC6CA39003D3" authority="Poir." authorityName="Poir." box="[844,1017,992,1016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D41DFC6CA3D403D3" box="[844,957,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. elegans</emphasis>
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Poir.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1FE42A731B68FF95D358FC6DA43403D3" box="[1033,1117,992,1016]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="1.[155,167,989,1008]" captionTargetBox="[540,1176,273,951]" captionTargetId="figure-140@1.[552,1176,273,936]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1 (upper right). Chromosomes of Acanthaceae in pollen mother cells. A. Dyscho- riste thunbergiiflora, metaphase II (only half of cell shown), n = 15. B. Brillantaisia owariensis, telophase I, n = 16 (with one lagging chromo- some toward “upper” pole). C. Brillantaisia owariensis, metaphase I, n = 16. D. Ruellia ele- gans, diakenesis (showing nucleolus, n), n = 17. E. Crossandra infundibuliformis, metaphase I, n = 19. F. Ruellia dipteracanthus, metaphase I, n = 17. G. Justicia scheidweileri, metaphase I, n = 14. Chromosomes shown in outline only are touching or overlapping other chromosomes. Scale applies to all figures. See Table 1 for voucher information." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11066991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11066991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D72AFB8CA1330433" authority="Closon" authorityName="Closon" box="[123,346,1024,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="makoyana">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D72AFB8CA16E0433" box="[123,263,1024,1048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. makoyana</emphasis>
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Closon
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</taxonomicName>
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confirm previous counts for them by
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D5A2FB8CA3320433" author="DE, A." box="[755,859,1024,1048]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="139 - 175" refId="ref8414" refString="DE, A. 1966. Cytological, anatomical and palynological studies as an aid in tracing affinity and phylogeny in the family Acanthaceae. Transactions of the Bose Research Institute, Calcutta 29: 139 - 175." type="journal article" year="1966">De (1966</bibRefCitation>
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, as
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D4D5FB8CA4560433" authority="Andr." authorityName="Andr." box="[900,1087,1024,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosa">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D4D5FB8CA3930432" box="[900,1018,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. formosa</emphasis>
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Andr.
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</taxonomicName>
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) and by
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<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D72AFBACA1620412" author="GRANT, W. F." box="[123,267,1057,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="121 - 150" refId="ref8594" refString="GRANT, W. F. 1955. A cytogenetic study of the Acanthaceae. Brittonia 8: 121 - 150." type="journal article" year="1955">Grant (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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, respectively. The taxonomic relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D45BFBACA3F00412" box="[778,921,1057,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="makoyana">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D45BFBACA3F00412" box="[778,921,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. makoyana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to its morphologically similar congeners
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D618FBCFA23E0473" authority="E. Morren" authorityName="E. Morren" box="[329,599,1089,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="devosiana">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D618FBCFA1B10472" box="[329,472,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. devosiana</emphasis>
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E. Morren
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</taxonomicName>
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(also
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D5F2FBCFA2D90472" box="[675,688,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
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= 17; e.g., Daniel and Chuang 1998) and
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D72AFBEFA1000452" authority="Hook. f." authorityName="Hook. f." box="[123,361,1121,1145]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="portellae">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D72AFBEFA0940452" box="[123,253,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. portellae</emphasis>
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Hook. f.
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</taxonomicName>
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, all attributed to
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<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D562FBECA21E0452" box="[563,631,1121,1145]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, are worthy of additional study. The only other chromosome numbers reported for species of
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<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D520FB0CA2D704B2" box="[625,702,1153,1177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D520FB0CA2D704B2" box="[625,702,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Ruellia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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native in the New World (discounting two counts of
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<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D7B6FB2FA09D0492" box="[231,244,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 18 by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D60AFB2FA1940491" author="SUGIURA, T." box="[347,509,1186,1210]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="205 - 212" refId="ref9571" refString="SUGIURA, T. 1939. Studies on the chromosome numbers in higher plants III. Cytologia 10: 205 - 212." type="journal article" year="1939">Sugiura (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
because no vouchers were cited, identities of the species are questionable because no authors of names were given and one of the names applies to multiple species, and the counts reported differ from all subsequent reports for those species) are
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D37AFB6EA45104D1" box="[1067,1080,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16 for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D72AFA8EA09D0531" box="[123,244,1282,1306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D72AFA8EA09D0531" box="[123,244,1282,1306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. tuberosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. (the majority of counts for this species is
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D585FA8EA2880531" box="[724,737,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 17, see summaries of counts in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D31FFA8FA0D60511" author="DANIEL, T. F." pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="651 - 659" refId="ref8138" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 b. Chromosome numbers of some Acanthaceae from Papua New Guinea. Austrobaileya 5: 651 - 659." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel 2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D650FAAEA1670511" box="[257,270,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 24 for Brazilian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D6BAFAAEA3A90511" authority="(Nees) Mart. ex B. D. Jacks." authorityName="B. D. Jacks." baseAuthorityName="Nees" box="[491,960,1314,1339]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrantha">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D6BAFAAEA2E90511" box="[491,640,1314,1338]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. macrantha</emphasis>
|
|
(Nees) Mart. ex B.D. Jacks.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D480FAAFA0DD0570" author="DANIEL, T. F. & T. I. CHUANG" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" refId="ref8281" refString="DANIEL, T. F., AND T. I. CHUANG. 1998. Chromosome Numbers of Cultivated Acanthaceae and Systematic Implications. Pages 309 - 330 in P. Mathew and M. Sivadasan, eds., Diversity and Taxonomy of Tropical Flowering Plants. Mentor Books, Calicut, India." type="book" year="1998">Daniel & Chuang 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="876036F61B68FF95D7FAFAEEA2370656" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">
|
|
In the Old World, there is a single report of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D5D6FAE9A2FD0550" box="[647,660,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 17 for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D5AAFAE9A3DF0550" authority="Poir." authorityName="Poir." box="[763,950,1379,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prostrata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D5AAFAE9A3150550" box="[763,892,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. prostrata</emphasis>
|
|
Poir.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D495FAEEA4E00550" author="SARKAR, A. K. & N. DATTA & U. CHATTERJEE" box="[964,1161,1379,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="358 - 360" refId="ref9448" refString="SARKAR, A. K., N. DATTA, AND U. CHATTERJEE. 1980. Reports. In A. Love, editor, Chromosome Number Reports LXVII. Taxon 29: 358 - 360." type="journal article" year="1980">Sarkar et al. 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); however, other numbers have also been reported for this species (e.g.,
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D4D0FA09A3E705B0" box="[897,910,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16, Subramanian and Govindarajan 1980;
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D606FA29A10D0590" box="[343,356,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 24, Daniel and Chuang 1998), and
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D5AAFA29A3610590" box="[763,776,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 22 has been reported for it several times (e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D7A9FA49A13E05F0" author="DE, A." box="[248,343,1475,1499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="139 - 175" refId="ref8414" refString="DE, A. 1966. Cytological, anatomical and palynological studies as an aid in tracing affinity and phylogeny in the family Acanthaceae. Transactions of the Bose Research Institute, Calcutta 29: 139 - 175." type="journal article" year="1966">De 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D630FA49A1BF05F0" author="KAUR, J." box="[353,470,1475,1499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="142 - 143" refId="ref8709" refString="KAUR, J. 1966. Chromosome numbers in Acanthaceae - III. Science and Culture 32: 142 - 143." type="journal article" year="1966">Kaur 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Govindarajan and Subramanian 1983; Saggoo and Bir 1983). All of the counts for this African and Asian species apparently pertain to plants from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B68FF95D340FA69A42205D7" box="[1041,1099,1508,1532]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Other counts for Paleotropical species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D6ABF989A22E0637" box="[506,583,1540,1564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D6ABF989A22E0637" box="[506,583,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">Ruellia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
consist of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D593F988A2A60637" box="[706,719,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16 for African
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D4C2F988A4330637" authority="Thunb." authorityName="Thunb." box="[915,1114,1540,1564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D4C2F988A46D0637" box="[915,1028,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. cordata</emphasis>
|
|
Thunb.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Rao and Mwasumbi 1981) and for Asian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D554F9A8A2CF0617" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[517,678,1572,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patula">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D554F9A8A20E0617" box="[517,615,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. patula</emphasis>
|
|
Jacq.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g.,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D5B8F9A8A3DB0617" author="BAQUAR, S. R. & A. HUSAIN & S. AKHTAR" box="[745,946,1572,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="24 - 32" refId="ref7967" refString="BAQUAR, S. R., A. HUSAIN, AND S. AKHTAR. 1966. Botaniska Notiser 119: 24 - 32." type="journal article" year="1966">Baquar et al. 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Rao and Mwasumbi 1981; Subramanian and Govindarajan 1980; Govindarajan and Subramanian 1983) and
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D37BF9C8A45E0677" box="[1066,1079,1605,1628]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 12 for Asian/Malesian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B68FF95D678F9E8A1E70657" box="[297,398,1637,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="repens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B68FF95D678F9E8A1E70657" box="[297,398,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">R. repens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
L. (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D6EAF9E8A23B0656" author="DANIEL, T. F." box="[443,594,1637,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="651 - 659" refId="ref8138" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 b. Chromosome numbers of some Acanthaceae from Papua New Guinea. Austrobaileya 5: 651 - 659." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel 2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="876036F61B68FF9AD7FAF908A347033C" blockId="7.[123,1174,219,1725]" lastBlockId="8.[122,1174,219,1725]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="7" pageNumber="326">
|
|
Based on the small sampling of species in the Old World, the diversity of chromosome numbers there appears to be greater than that for taxa in the New World.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B68FF95D421F928A3930696" author="TRIPP, E. A." box="[880,1018,1701,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="326" pagination="628 - 649" refId="ref9621" refString="TRIPP, E. A. 2007. Evolutionary relationships within the species-rich genus Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Systematic Botany 32: 628 - 649." type="journal article" year="2007">Tripp (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
indicated that taxa in the New World appear to be monophyletic and derived from African stock. Radiation from a single introduction in the New World might explain the widespread occurrence of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD351FF71A4640138" box="[1024,1037,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 17 among diverse taxa there. Numbers common to both Neotropical and Paleotropical species are
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD373FE91A4460118" box="[1058,1071,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16, 17, and 24. At least the latter suggests potential polyploidy in the genus. Meiotic complements of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD320FEB1A4170178" box="[1137,1150,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16 are common elsewhere among Ruellieae (see discussions herein for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD42BFED1A468015F" box="[890,1025,348,372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Brillantaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD42BFED1A468015F" box="[890,1025,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Brillantaisia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD35EFED1A4E7015F" box="[1039,1166,348,372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Dyschoriste" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD35EFED1A4E7015F" box="[1039,1166,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Dyschoriste</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD7F8FEF1A15F01BF" box="[169,310,380,404]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Strobilanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD7F8FEF1A15F01BF" box="[169,310,380,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Strobilanthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Based on numbers reported to date,
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD585FEF0A28901BF" box="[724,736,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">x</emphasis>
|
|
= 12 or 16 would appear to be potential basic numbers in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD664FE11A1EB019F" box="[309,386,412,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD664FE11A1EB019F" box="[309,386,412,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Ruellia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from which numbers of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD5DEFE10A2F5019F" box="[655,668,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 17 and 24 may have arisen via dysploidy and polyploidy. If counts of both
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD6E3FE30A1D601FF" box="[434,447,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16 and 17 for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD522FE30A28401FF" box="[627,749,444,468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD522FE30A28401FF" box="[627,749,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">R. tuberosa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are accurate, then dysploidy likely also occurs in some species. Although not currently known for any species of the genus, an ancestral basic number of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD67EFE73A152023E" box="[303,315,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">x</emphasis>
|
|
= 8 for either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD686FE70A24D023E" box="[471,548,509,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD686FE70A24D023E" box="[471,548,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Ruellia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(or Ruellieae) might account for lineages with
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD373FE73A446023E" box="[1058,1071,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
|
|
= 16 and 24. Given a potential ancestral basic number of
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD52EFD93A2E2021E" box="[639,651,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">x</emphasis>
|
|
= 7 for the family (e.g., Piovano and Bernardello 1991;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD78BFDB0A104027E" author="DANIEL, T. F." box="[218,365,573,597]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref8114" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 a. Additional chromosome numbers of American Acanthaceae. Systematic Botany 25: 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel 2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), such an hypothesis has some appeal. No chromosome numbers have been reported for any of the other genera of Ruelliinae (i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD588FDD3A385025D" authority="C. B. Clarke" authorityName="C. B. Clarke" box="[729,1004,606,630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopale" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD588FDD3A309025D" box="[729,864,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Acanthopale</emphasis>
|
|
C.B. Clarke
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD4A9FDD3A10302BD" authority="T. Anderson ex Benth." authorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Dischistocalyx" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD4A9FDD3A4FC025D" box="[1016,1173,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Dischistocalyx</emphasis>
|
|
T. Anderson ex Benth.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD6F1FDF3A2C802BD" authority="Schweinf." authorityName="Schweinf." box="[416,673,638,662]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Satanocrater" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD6F1FDF3A24202BE" box="[416,555,638,661]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Satanocrater</emphasis>
|
|
Schweinf.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD5FBFDF3A33402BD" author="TRIPP, E. A. & T. F. DANIEL & S. FATIMAH & L. A. MCDADE" box="[682,861,638,662]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="97 - 137" refId="ref9648" refString="TRIPP, E. A., T. F. DANIEL, S. FATIMAH, AND L. A. MCDADE. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships within Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) and a revised classification. International Journal of Plant Sciences 174: 97 - 137." type="journal article" year="2013">Tripp et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Counts for these genera and additional counts for species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD69EFD13A275029D" box="[463,540,670,694]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Ruellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD69EFD13A275029D" box="[463,540,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Ruellia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the Old World are needed to better formulate a potential ancestral basic number for and to understand patterns of evolution and migration in the genus. Counts are especially desired for species native to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B67FF9AD5CCFD53A37702DD" box="[669,798,734,758]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B67FF9AD402FD53A3D102DD" box="[851,952,734,758]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, from which regions no chromosome numbers have been reported for any Ruelliinae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |