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<mods:title id="693049A85DDE94312F3B2431F1D2A2EF">Chromosome Numbers of Some Cultivated Acanthaceae with Notes on Chromosomal Evolution in the Family</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAA100FE3AAECE7992207DD6138DD591">Daniel, Thomas F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="270523D82711C5F5DDC94902A15B3E8F">Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="CFC5657D1B67FF9AD7FAFC93A1C7031D" box="[171,430,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="876036F61B67FF9AD7FAFC93A1C7031D" blockId="8.[122,1174,219,1725]" box="[171,430,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD7FAFC93A1C7031D" ID-CoL="7C56" authority="Ruiz &amp; Pav." authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." box="[171,430,798,823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD7FAFC93A1C3031C" bold="true" box="[171,426,798,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD7FAFC93A175031D" bold="true" box="[171,284,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Sanchezia</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pav
</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFC5657D1B67FF9AD6FCFC92A2AB04F1" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" type="description">
<paragraph id="876036F61B67FF9AD6FCFC92A3B703D3" blockId="8.[122,1174,219,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">
— This genus of about 55 species is native to tropical America. Our approximate count of
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD63EFCCDA115037C" box="[367,380,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
= ca. 3640 for
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD56DFCB2A3A4037C" authority="Sprague &amp; Hutch." authorityName="Sprague &amp; Hutch." box="[572,973,831,855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvibracteata">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD56DFCB2A290037C" box="[572,761,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">S. parvibracteata</emphasis>
Sprague &amp; Hutch.
</taxonomicName>
, native to tropical South America and possibly southern Central America, is similar to the only previous count for this species,
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD786FC0DA08D03BC" box="[215,228,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
= 40 (
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD660FC0DA18103BC" author="NARAYANAN, C. R." box="[305,488,895,920]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="220 - 231" refId="ref9211" refString="NARAYANAN, C. R. 1951. Somatic chromosomes in the Acanthaceae. Journal of the Madras University 21: 220 - 231." type="journal article" year="1951">Narayanan 1951</bibRefCitation>
). The only other species of
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD44DFCF2A3E103BC" box="[796,904,895,919]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD44DFCF2A3E103BC" box="[796,904,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Sanchezia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to have been counted is
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD72AFC2DA11C039C" authority="Ruiz &amp; Pav." authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." box="[123,373,928,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD72AFC2DA0820393" box="[123,235,928,952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">S. oblonga</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pav.
</taxonomicName>
, a species native to
<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B67FF9AD514FC2DA2FF0393" box="[581,662,928,952]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B67FF9AD5F1FC2DA2900393" box="[672,761,928,952]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FFC876661B67FF9AD47AFC2DA336039C" box="[811,863,928,951]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Peru</collectingCountry>
, with counts of
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD354FC2DA47B039C" box="[1029,1042,928,951]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
= 68 (
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD304FC2DA0DA03F3" author="SINGH, B." pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="105" refId="ref9522" refString="SINGH, B. 1951. Chromosome numbers in some flowering plants. Current Science 20: 105." type="journal article" year="1951">Singh 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD7EFFC4DA15A03F3" author="KAUR, J." box="[190,307,960,984]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref8753" refString="KAUR, J. 1970. Chromosome numbers in Acanthaceae - V. Science and Culture 36: 103 - 106." type="journal article" year="1970">Kaur 1970</bibRefCitation>
; both as
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD6C0FC4DA22603F3" authority="Hook. f." authorityName="Hook. f." box="[401,591,960,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD6C0FC4DA19C03F3" box="[401,501,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">S. nobilis</emphasis>
Hook.f.
</taxonomicName>
) and
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD5DBFC4CA2FE03F3" box="[650,663,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">n</emphasis>
= ca. 66 (
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD453FC4DA31603F3" author="GRANT, W. F." box="[770,895,960,984]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="121 - 150" refId="ref8594" refString="GRANT, W. F. 1955. A cytogenetic study of the Acanthaceae. Brittonia 8: 121 - 150." type="journal article" year="1955">Grant 1955</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD4F6FC4DA46203F3" box="[935,1035,960,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD4F6FC4DA46203F3" box="[935,1035,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">S. nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)the highest haploid numbers so far reported for the family (
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD52DFC6DA37803D3" author="DANIEL, T. F." box="[636,785,992,1016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref8114" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 a. Additional chromosome numbers of American Acanthaceae. Systematic Botany 25: 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel 2000a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD44AFC6DA3BA03D3" author="TRIPP, E. A. &amp; T. F. DANIEL &amp; S. FATIMAH &amp; L. A. MCDADE" box="[795,979,992,1016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="97 - 137" refId="ref9648" refString="TRIPP, E. A., T. F. DANIEL, S. FATIMAH, AND L. A. MCDADE. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships within Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) and a revised classification. International Journal of Plant Sciences 174: 97 - 137." type="journal article" year="2013">Tripp et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="876036F61B67FF9AD7FAFB8DA2AB04F1" blockId="8.[122,1174,219,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD7FAFB8DA17E0433" box="[171,279,1024,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD7FAFB8DA17E0433" box="[171,279,1024,1048]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Sanchezia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pertains to and is the largest genus in Ruellieae: Trichantherinae. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD310FB8DA08D0412" author="TRIPP, E. A. &amp; T. F. DANIEL &amp; S. FATIMAH &amp; L. A. MCDADE" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="97 - 137" refId="ref9648" refString="TRIPP, E. A., T. F. DANIEL, S. FATIMAH, AND L. A. MCDADE. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships within Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) and a revised classification. International Journal of Plant Sciences 174: 97 - 137." type="journal article" year="2013">Tripp et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
the six genera of this subtribe are generally related as follows:
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD4CBFBACA4770412" box="[922,1054,1057,1081]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Louteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD4CBFBACA4770412" box="[922,1054,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Louteridium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ (
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD316FBACA08D0472" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Trichosanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD316FBACA08D0472" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Trichosanchezia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ (
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD65EFBCCA1C10472" box="[271,424,1089,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Suessenguthia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD65EFBCCA1C10472" box="[271,424,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Suessenguthia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD69AFBCCA25E0472" box="[459,567,1089,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Sanchezia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD69AFBCCA25E0472" box="[459,567,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Sanchezia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)) + (
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD525FBCCA2960472" box="[628,767,1089,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Trichanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD525FBCCA2960472" box="[628,767,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Trichanthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD472FBCCA3E20473" box="[803,907,1089,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Bravaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD472FBCCA3E20473" box="[803,907,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Bravaisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)). No counts have been published for any other genera in the subtribe. However, several approximate counts (Daniel unpublished) for
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD667FB0FA1F704B2" box="[310,414,1154,1177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Bravaisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD667FB0FA1F704B2" box="[310,414,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Bravaisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40DF4D751B67FF9AD687FB0CA23304B2" box="[470,602,1153,1177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Louteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5ABEAE41B67FF9AD687FB0CA23304B2" box="[470,602,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="327">Louteridium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reveal relatively high numbers for these genera and further suggest that polyploidy and probably also dysploidy were involved in the evolution of both the subtribe and its constituent genera (
<bibRefCitation id="E34E4B071B67FF9AD571FB4FA2DF04F1" author="DANIEL, T. F." box="[544,694,1218,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="327" pagination="15 - 25" refId="ref8114" refString="DANIEL, T. F. 2000 a. Additional chromosome numbers of American Acanthaceae. Systematic Botany 25: 15 - 25." type="journal article" year="2000">Daniel 2000a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>