254 lines
39 KiB
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254 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="6720" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b54ccad1-dc60-4993-9787-82a6c09a9f46" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF307E49761B508ABBCEE47D3C1E6852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252229" ID-ZooBank="AC2CFE6D8CBB4A2C85510E1FA8EB9803" ModsDocID="1860-1324-66-1-75" checkinTime="1621372373381" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Qingqing & Zhang, Junfeng" docDate="2019" docId="0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(1): 75-83" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (1)" docPubDate="2019-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.33914" docTitle="Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al. 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="EF307E49761B508ABBCEE47D3C1E6852" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="EF307E49761B508ABBCEE47D3C1E6852" masterDocTitle="Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1732827603583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B5D00C023E9A724783491DADF433B6F0">Contribution to the knowledge of male and female eremochaetid flies in the late Cretaceous amber of Burma (Diptera, Brachycera, Eremochaetidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="54AE88F1ECF9D95FE88272BF0408E153">Zhang, Qingqing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CA7892B83FB6DBAD54A2574ED16E5C68">University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China & State laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FA0DB976F31772C7423A31F64DFB2FE1">Zhang, Junfeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="791C1B6664D0AD96D0AEC2FA24DF0C03">Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA6D4A6EB68C7EEC4948096FC896CF07" type="email">jfzhang@nigpas.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="20F24D7BC3B4E34FCCFC730CC332A62A">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182223480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F20E3779FEF8BD977D5EC241474840C" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" scope_family="Eremochaetidae" scope_order="Diptera" scope_subFamily="Eremomukhinae" scope_subOrder="Brachycera" scope_superFamily="Archisargoidea">
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<subSubSection id="344374118B11AB24EE8E7BC7148C6295" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="77C8AB92E89AF0BE6402625B7B2CACFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="58E5B5BDDB8E7AFD8B8116AFBCDDBD36" authority="Q. Zhang et al., 2016" authorityName="Q. Zhang et al." authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="727E70D1E238EEC8E80AA957E25792CB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CFC4EF5A4B110E644CC271E5AC049A7C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="5986232559A0936B2DE5C8BB2ABF975F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Difference and similarity between two sets of ovipositors. Photomicrographs (lateral view), A Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Grimaldi and Barden 2016, AMNH BuSD- 2) B Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Q. Zhang et al. 2016, holotype BA 02 - 15001). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310288" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 3b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E9B6A64795AAE18FE7FA61A0E7961ED7" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Difference and similarity between four sets of ovipositors. Line drawings (lateral view), A Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (ovipositor extended, after Cumming and Wood 2009) B Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh, 1867) (ovipositor not extended, after Norrbom 2010) C Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 D Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm (C, D). ac gl - accessory gland; acul - aculeus; cerc - cercus; cloac op - cloacal opening; ev mem - eversible membrane; ovscp - oviscape; sg - segment; spmth - spermatheca; st - sternite; tg - tergite; v rep - ventral receptacle." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310293" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 8C</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FF2EB5D8F252DD47A488E627069CFE7" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EC7964E2DE07CABD74151C90290638D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="62C96D2B2E7F3B8D8B64DFD3F165308F" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Male flies with antennal pedicel subcylindrical; Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork; R2+3 meeting R1 just at C (i.e. cell r1 sessile); R4+5 simple; section C between R4+5 and M1 longer than section C between M1 and M2; M1 slightly arched upwards medially, ending behind apex of wing; M3 arched downwards medially; haltere with boot-like knob; abdominal second segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg as long as, or shorter than, tarsomeres II-V combined; genitalia with gonocoxite conical, gonostylus sickle-like, aedeagus relatively short, not reaching hind margin of gonocoxite.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C38869E41DAB4F5755EB06626345D855" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="31AC74FF69000607255BD82FCB67CF5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="531E4C7B38F66AC058552CC26D30DF5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Male. Body and legs brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="313A697C1DA8E016898DB6DB11718E63" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A, C</figureCitation>
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), covered with dense short hairs (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="09F5E67AAA75941BE6FE40615B8F8F31" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1D</figureCitation>
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). Head large, subovate. Eyes large, holoptic, occupying almost whole head (Figs
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<figureCitation id="E67D4BA87BE6F33CA3301423E263FF13" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="B89E6FBDD94EFA5FE2F81E779474BD0A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Antenna thin and short; scape very small, spherical; pedicel elongated, subcylindrical, slightly wider apically than basally; flagellum ovate-oblong, narrower and shorter than pedicel; arista long, slightly longer than scape, pedicel and flagellum combined (Figs
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<figureCitation id="F4585ACA11FA39CBC227C0CD8170EB8F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="174B7FC72BDA33C20A18EFAABD02DB60" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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). Mouthparts with only boot-like labellum visible (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="53FEB0FF77FD82D9FD1BF5A7B1703324" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D1686D8308879D0A93E5B800D422E6CF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252247" doi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph id="A327EA8D2756DD782A152177E29524C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="BC32AD7B2DC5E8C79869BF08804E754F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B61A9AAEB926CA7F8EE7F42079FA7" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
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<emphasis id="D4CD41AA5800052AEB2798198E44D2D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (
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<emphasis id="77B6B99570B6F3BA4468FDB26DD70A89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A-C</emphasis>
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) and Confocal microscopic photographs (
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<emphasis id="E6014631C946C9BBA3B37967DBD3A439" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D, E</emphasis>
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), topotype NIGP170824, male
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<emphasis id="B4825940B68537B2B63A9BCC0960A8AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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habitus (right lateral view)
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<emphasis id="51D0E3D92FD0D16B605031F1891E77B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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habitus (left lateral view)
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<emphasis id="6FECA540697D8CAE004F4B6EA30682CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
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antennae
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<emphasis id="5BF8A6348BBA529B4AB20052487772A6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
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male genitalia (right lateral view)
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<emphasis id="6B3CA8D63310057B4847669D3D90D555" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
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male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (
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<emphasis id="F3239601F48979DF556042C91018A6DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A, C</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis id="863480099DC6231E48FC41FD96381C3C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B, D, E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="9FAAE3901F0C4A423B0A6CF087018421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252249" doi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="BC2D0A37EF795C95FB49F7D5D9CB95F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="F8248AA2827C4490E1C0C6A92F9A537C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1BC4DFBF3E558E21404A541F7DDF8A57" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
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<emphasis id="0B1FBF70679CA4711E8E73A5F5FC308C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP170824
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<emphasis id="CA344B6BD321D2B40B76B733E0ACD87C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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habitus (right lateral view)
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<emphasis id="DED4F0DFF0827038FD96AF28BAE10839" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
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male genitalia (left lateral view)
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<emphasis id="C8ED1967C4F0A6FA98458E65566650B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">C</emphasis>
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tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (
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<emphasis id="66BB6CA4B19C70B050FE0934EFF1036B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis id="7E28E3A63B14B3F669C857DE8712B6D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">B, C</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C0D068BB9757AEF84DAFCBD743FC74A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
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Thorax stout, thicker and longer than head. Scutum distinctly convex; scutellum rather small, triangular. Wing narrow and long, 3.2 times longer than wide, apex of wing round (Figs
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<figureCitation id="BE769E7353B3DA205A7C513322D30E04" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3F968AB4F06995BC3A845BB86095FC12" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Costal vein terminating at the wing apex; vein Sc short, ending nearly at level of end of distal cell; R1 long, straight; Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork, section of Rs stem nearly as long as section bR4 + 5; R2 + 3 almost straight, fused with R1 just at anterior margin of wing; cell r1 narrow and long, fusiform, with no petiole; section of R4 + 5 + M1 separating from anterior margin of cell d nearly at its end, forked distinctly distad to level of the apex of the discal cell, about 10 times longer than section bM2; M1 slightly arched medially, terminating clearly behind wing apex. M2 more or less arched downwards apically; M3 clearly arched downwards apically, M4 absent; cell d hexagonal, nearly 2.7 times longer than wide; m-m long, straight; bM3 short; m-cu long, nearly three times longer than bM3; cell br obviously longer than, but nearly as wide as, cell bm; cell cu (traditionally anal cell) closed with short petiole (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="460DF1D44E4FB6A2B9918237C806C857" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FE01E5185110AF349046F62CA73CF661" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Haltere thin and long, knob relatively large, boot-like (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3D83671126A8A361F98A18B1E8B9CC84" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forelegs and midlegs relatively thin and short but with pulvillus and empodium extremely elongated, which are very closely similar in length and in shape to those of hindleg; hindlegs relatively stout and long; coxa stout, obtuse-triangular; femur clavate, nearly as long as half of abdominal length; tibia subcylindrical, slightly shorter and obviously narrower than femur; tarsus very short, nearly one-third of length of tibia, basitarsus shorter than, or nearly as long as, tarsomeres II-V combined, ratio of tarsomeres 1.0:0.24:0.21:0.33:0.55, empodium similar in length and shape to pulvillus, narrowly phylliform in lateral view, less than one-half of length of tarsus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CD920FAC3B322F7505C9A9478524275E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B8548F4FE4F0AD988226E114511B8CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Abdomen thin and long, subcylindrical, nearly two times longer than head and thorax combined; eight segments visible; first very short, second longest, remainder gradually reduced in length terminally; ratio of segments 1.0:2.2:2.1:1.5:1.5:1.0:0.9:0.8; ninth segment forming male genitalia, nearly as long as eighth (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1DF314E44595F91829D4C06D946DB042" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AC9F4BB645D8ACCBA8751C18FB86CFDE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genitalia covered with thin and long hairs; gonocoxite stout and long, subconical, basally thicker than apically; gonostylus with dense hairs on outer margin but glabrous on inner margin, relatively small, sickle-like, sharp apically, strongly curved inwards; aedeagus (phallus) relatively short, not reaching hind margin of gonocoxite, simple (not forked apically), rounded apically (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="4717E992D34A593883CEAA4AABB25E85" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Photomicrographs (A-C) and Confocal microscopic photographs (D, E), topotype NIGP 170824, male A habitus (right lateral view) B habitus (left lateral view) C antennae D male genitalia (right lateral view) E male genitalia (left lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310286" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">1D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="49F451A2D6AFB0C9686AC56B70113CE5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016. Line drawings, topotype NIGP 170824 A habitus (right lateral view) B male genitalia (left lateral view) C tarsus of hindleg. Scale bar 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310287" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DEE663C1AC33F7BB74299D4D3D03A04E" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8811E1716E93A3880A6777248B309B92" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Dimensions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="035EE5C507AEB8FD4D957F8BA546AB72" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Topotype NIGP170824, body length ca 7.8 mm; head length 1.0 mm; thorax length 1.5 mm; wing length 4.4 mm, width 1.4 mm; hindleg length 5.9 mm (coxa 0.5 mm, trochanter 0.2 mm, femur 2.3 mm, tibia 2.1 mm, tarsus 0.8 mm); abdomen length 5.3 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6B123563DB0BC0E7C42C85611D9F14C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C246328ADA668DBE5FF9D7194CF5A406" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A8F79BC786A05B7B47D1C7D1750846C" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Myanmar amber, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian); Hukawng Valley, Kachin Province, Myanmar.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="075E200578476E72EE2EC7E1BB41CF86" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="4A390ABB1DB74C040EC0ADE8C9D53E8F" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BA161CE6DB96FEE1477863DEFCA22195" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="96EACF406336E548009C451C1B4A86FB" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A62FCED77D1B925BF8CC21D06A8C21D" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3C5BE7D222D97157DD0D2DBFDBCAF4A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected based on three female flies from Myanmar amber: the holotype BA02-15001 and two paratypes NIGP163430 and BA02-15003 (Q.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3E47ACEB4ECE74B2DE570696AEA2332" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" author="Zhang, Q" journalOrPublisher="The Science of Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B29" refString="Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Feng, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, B, 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature 103 (2): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" title="An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" volume="103" year="2016">Zhang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new male specimen from the same locality demonstrates many close similarities in body structures and wing venation to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9CAD5065FC433DAC818AD53F50548BE" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="F58977CC5F337764BF2FC0C7F7D3BC47" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is assigned to this species. The following characters are shared by the male and females: antennal pedicel elongate, subcylindrical, wider apically than basally; the second abdominal segment longest; basitarsus of hindleg shorter than (or nearly as long as) tarsomeres II-V combined; in wing venation, Rs deviating from R clearly distal to M fork; section C between R4+5 and M1 longer than section C between M1 and M2; M1arched upwards medially, ending behind apex of wing; M3 arched downwards medially (vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFBC27CF5B0C41483A213C636B766329" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. burmensis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8ECA4F42DDBE2D859C67ED73F8540330" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. described below). The male differs from those females in that: cell r1 is sessile (vs with short petiole in female); and R4+5 is simple (vs forked apically in female). These differences might be sexually dimorphic or individual variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B2DE78C4183817722766857F247FAD0" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7820864B0867E33D55D07682AFDCAE85" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B5" refString="Grimaldi, DA, Barden, P, 2016. The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates 3865: 1 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" title="The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" volume="3865" year="2016">Grimaldi and Barden (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described another female fly (AMNH BuSD-2) from the same locality that was assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="714AF0EC2C99842342A692908B54E1EA" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai." order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D29E10C9DAF6E96D247C7CBE4558CC5F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Indeed, it demonstrates close similarities in body structures and wing venation to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69787E8DCEEBCF63395C5DA505DDCA39" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B89CF60AC6A5C2849D527066721A75F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs from the holotype of (BA02-15001) and the paratype (NIGP163430) of this species in that: antennal pedicel is conical, basally clearly thicker than apically (vs subcylindrical, apically thicker than basally); body is covered with dark brown markings dorsally on thorax and on abdominal tergites and sternites (vs no dark brown markings dorsally on thorax and on abdominal tergites and sternites except for the paratype BA02-15003); and the abdominal second to sixth segments are almost equal in length, with the third longest (vs the second longest); ovipositor is fringed with dense hairs ventrally (vs almost glabrous), and relatively shorter and stouter than that of the holotype (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="66B93E6BEA1D0DB54CD7549A41FE2B64" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Difference and similarity between two sets of ovipositors. Photomicrographs (lateral view), A Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Grimaldi and Barden 2016, AMNH BuSD- 2) B Zhenia xiai Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Q. Zhang et al. 2016, holotype BA 02 - 15001). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310288" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9EBC3878DA684C6BCE35A2EE4E1BF2D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B5" refString="Grimaldi, DA, Barden, P, 2016. The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates 3865: 1 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" title="The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" volume="3865" year="2016">
|
||
Grimaldi and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="30EB13AAF66ED92B844A07C98B8E3094" originalValue="Barden’s">Barden's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specimen is very closely similar to the female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DC3DAA4F5258072139823171BA7DB8" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. burmensis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="337C48CFAF0C2E7C3EE68180A91B204B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0B22E589989AECC230A2A87FF39ED5DB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Photomicrographs, paratype NIGP 170826, female A habitus (lateral view) B antenna C wing D tarsus of hindleg E ovipositor (lateral view). Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.1 mm (B, D, E)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310291" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BE1750E442C7C9FB0EC2F9E242ECD771" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Zhenia burmensis sp. nov. Line drawings, paratype NIGP 170826, female A habitus (lateral view) B antenna C ovipositor (lateral view). Scale bar: 1 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310292" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
; see descriptions below). These differences indicate that this fly (AMNH BuSD-2) may not be a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63F200C682838266149EC2C81D02D638" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A1F65CD5E8E8DDA246BF2D91A2CEF5A" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is most likely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52B7C4D76F517E4EB3A7C96C582A36EB" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. burmensis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burmensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A05854AA554C39281F6F6AA632587A28" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. burmensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Owing to the same markings on abdominal tergites and sternites, and the almost equal abdominal second to sixth segments in length (Q.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B3E919CDF4E9167EDA799D2CC940FAD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" author="Zhang, Q" journalOrPublisher="The Science of Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B29" refString="Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Feng, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, B, 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature 103 (2): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" title="An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" volume="103" year="2016">Zhang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 3, fig. 1C), the paratype (BA02-15003) may be closely related to the specimen AMNH BuSD-2 rather than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31900FD574CDEAAA30725080D470C73B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Z. xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B1A4FA0692F491964E82EBB01C9FA1F" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Z. xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BA02-15001 and NIGP163430). Unfortunately, it is a poorly preserved specimen, and many taxonomic characteristics are indistinct. Therefore, the placement of the female specimens BA02-15003 and AMNH BuSD-2 is debatable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9E13CA68B34883411F39610F63C4ED46" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3252251" doi="10.3897/dez.66.33914.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/310288" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="D4DE3A84A53BECDD09C3CFF9D730A339" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8392F42EFDC5EE52C44F7FB6BF961F1" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Difference and similarity between two sets of ovipositors. Photomicrographs (lateral view),
|
||
<emphasis id="61B275E091061D2DF2AD2B6361B3646B" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3207FF860D469ABE299ED90B7E8D3483" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8D46FCC86DE08B9C39371172702AB86" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ABC74FAB610965EACBC0E85F24950EEF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 29" refId="B5" refString="Grimaldi, DA, Barden, P, 2016. The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII. American Museum Novitates 3865: 1 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" title="The Mesozoic family Eremochaetidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Burmese amber and relationships of Archisargoidea: Brachycera in Cretaceous Amber, Part VIII." url="https://doi.org/10.1206/3865.1" volume="3865" year="2016">Grimaldi and Barden 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, AMNH BuSD-2)
|
||
<emphasis id="577D689EDD89C21A57BDA17F89F39DC7" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F482B933C6489E864F8DC6366010A57C" class="Insecta" family="Eremochaetidae" genus="Zhenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zhenia xiai" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xiai">
|
||
<emphasis id="691B554FCC5256EAD8999887E66374B8" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Zhenia xiai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Q. Zhang et al., 2016 (after Q.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="420AA4668A5A85429918D652A1207276" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" author="Zhang, Q" journalOrPublisher="The Science of Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B29" refString="Zhang, Q, Zhang, J, Feng, Y, Zhang, H, Wang, B, 2016. An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism. The Science of Nature 103 (2): 1 - 7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" title="An endoparasitoid Cretaceous fly and the evolution of parasitoidism." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-015-1327-y" volume="103" year="2016">Zhang et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, holotype BA02-15001). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="09106AA083E653801052A1B19FC3F953" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |