213 lines
32 KiB
XML
213 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="85D7506B6974A83D75356FE5F3484166" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43249fca-616d-4bea-963a-eb5aba91bea1" ModsDocID="z01021p001" checkinTime="1247059836959" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Heok Hee Ng" docDate="2005" docId="0EFD98B4CF0C23965A24336203322D1D" docLanguage="en" docName="2005_Ng2_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1021" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4EF1FD71-C024-491E-83FD-BFCB0C1D2A6A" docTitle="Erethistoides sicula Ng, 2005, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="B42C6A339EAE12E3889EA821499D1FB4" masterDocTitle="Erethistoides sicula, a new catfish (Teleostei: Erethistidae) from India." masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1701314173881" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="631DF9C080270EA8B8C3463E184BCECF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5FD230B00F0986DF56C5EEC65FC8B680">
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<mods:title id="4FF7C7E9E440774AB8F81FB3AA639D57">Erethistoides sicula, a new catfish (Teleostei: Erethistidae) from India.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="597E65C0A17713280C8E3BDDD3EA55A2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1B94B32936D86F2A707F31F5FD6625F1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25874E7F4B259AB36F3CC8FC2FC4FFAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BC6F614285F99C8B773DCD08C1B7191F">Heok Hee Ng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9FC9CA29F4CE2E6793A5981D7F6FE200">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="9175EC01917D63D6BEA9466B05036E9B" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C1D5F9324737A270077CE03836B0032C">
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<mods:title id="E4EA02E9B149726A6DD7E73B44565E1B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A1BA2A32351BB7D4C56D003E2FD1BD15">
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<mods:date id="415910970734D63A2BDBE544600A5E34">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FF5A0CFB2147195F9BF2678864ED6BC5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="218BB8D12D887F47F15D0C10B29FD64A">1021</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="093E20E6F1CAA8E03FF8B8B9C4959DC8" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="C47C4454D32D47E1BA7EFAE0CB757093">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="41EF935DA156D9BE843BAC18C2DD5313">12</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="2E57CF4BF67AE0C9B1FC1C9D8E6E3936">
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<mods:url id="AED603881FBE15DD6E70765A87CF1794">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4EF1FD71-C024-491E-83FD-BFCB0C1D2A6A</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="9F754F85AFA53E24AE9BBEC3B970F775">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B99AE03D929C69DC232EB8DFDC42063E" type="Plazi-Custom">z01021p001</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0EFD98B4CF0C23965A24336203322D1D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6267259" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6267259" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EFD98B4CF0C23965A24336203322D1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0EFD98B4CF0C23965A24336203322D1D" lastPageNumber="12" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="BDCC1D4922A5C14DCE66B764DA87C335" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6CCC1688687A0C0C7C2727732CBB492B" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="31D5465ED5B0D663F3307F4043C4B9DC" ID-CoL="6GGVN" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">Erethistoides sicula</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9D376E0B70D78D08C27D80A71AAE4C6B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E3E22E66AC09BE39E8EB933FE4655E0F" type="description">
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<paragraph id="24D3BF030A8F8243059FF3580A79BD93" pageNumber="2">(Fig. 1)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="22C4FD3EBB0E5632C13FD153ACEA0974" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0B21942A4F33399F28E94266EBF9119E" pageNumber="2">
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<materialsCitation id="23413E67F9E120A1F3E823C284F96DD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892861" collectingDate="2004-04-12" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="H. H. Ng et al." country="India" latitude="26.373333" location="Schutunga River (tributary of the Mansai River) at Ansole" longitude="89.18806" specimenCode="UMMZ 243718" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="Holotype">
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Type material.
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<typeStatus id="74E162D4FCEF0AECED37511A8B28B9CD">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="D2E68D2E2F575106F9C2CF8F458D27B3">
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<collectionCode id="CF62838DC4FCF8AC746ECE057AD35AA8">UMMZ</collectionCode>
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243718
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</specimenCode>
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, 39.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="7BD9F9C8C0E82153D8E09BD4B42EB9A0">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="0CD423BCBB12D9D2F612F6E54047AC03">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="B9ABA778E2A7F02C219D522CFF1F70EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0EFD98B4CF0C23965A24336203322D1D:B9ABA778E2A7F02C219D522CFF1F70EA" country="India" latitude="26.373333" longitude="89.18806" name="Schutunga River (tributary of the Mansai River) at Ansole" stateProvince="West Bengal">Schutunga River (tributary of the Mansai River) at Ansole</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="719EB04965D78C8424D9F588400781FE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="26.373333">26°22'24"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="3F2A23AFA82CA82BDCAD180D3A8FB306" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="89.18806">89°11'17"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectorName id="72AA3937F056B1DEC53955A9EB7E7F07">H. H. Ng et al.</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="ED33F630768DF01FEA3021335ECF341B" day="12" month="04" value="2004-04-12" year="2004">
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<collectingDate id="24BC4E4FFC6B72B5F50113D8AFAFEEDD" day="12" month="04" value="2004-04-12" year="2004">12 April 2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BA84EA2F574DA45151C23AF947809682" country="India" pageNumber="2">
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<materialsCitation id="BCC1D4BA963BCD57A3E1C55824E64A91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923892857" collectingDate="2004-04-12" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="H. H. Ng et al." country="India" latitude="26.373333" location="Schutunga River (tributary of the Mansai River) at Ansole" longitude="89.18806" specimenCode="UMMZ 243647" stateProvince="West Bengal" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<typeStatus id="EC8E9074AC4F18C70391B0C033C9F344">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="A12255A9C8A2EC4EBD055901FF6DE588">
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<collectionCode id="21467A81C4C4A47F8A6909534783CBA3">UMMZ</collectionCode>
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243647
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</specimenCode>
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(12), 15.7-37.2 mm SL; data as for holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C1645F552A8062381A2F124413F437E" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A9FBAEADD324F5BB2ECE1D428D73E395" pageNumber="2">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="3EF6C6BEFDED461D948C566E2CB49787" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">Erethistoides sicula</taxonomicName>
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differs from both
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<taxonomicName id="B723D54CC41AAF3A0B06064CFA76854D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="468A5F1216253E0636C183C47839EC13" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4956CC4-3569-46C7-BE2E-37885905CA2D" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana pipri Hora 1950:193" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipri">E. pipri</taxonomicName>
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in having a longer caudal peduncle (19.6-22.3% SL vs. 14.4-18.4) and shorter pectoral spine (14.6- 28.0% SL vs. 30.7-32.1). It further differs from
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<taxonomicName id="D52D9ECD7679CE81903067BAF1B3ADB7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
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in having a dorsally projecting bony splint on the opercle immediately posterior to its articular facet with the hyomandibula (vs. splint absent; Fig. 2) and from
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<taxonomicName id="505F2E8C817F60EC3505CB2E42FF73EB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4956CC4-3569-46C7-BE2E-37885905CA2D" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana pipri Hora 1950:193" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipri">E. pipri</taxonomicName>
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in having a more slender head (13.4-15.1% SL vs. 16.4). The key biometric differences separating the three species are given in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3A59E2E0D42E5B18FC538FC5C9D1A1FC" type="description">
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<paragraph id="911A18F6FA2106E2066913B04AAE8439" lastPageNumber="3" pageNumber="2">Description. Biometric data given in Table 2. Head broad and strongly depressed; dorsal profile slightly convex posteriorly and ventral profile almost straight. Neurocranium covered by thin skin bearing numerous elongate and flattened plaque-like tubercles; neurocranium extremely rugose and ornamented with numerous ridges and bumps. Supraoccipital spine not reaching nuchal shield. Posterior projection of the posttemporo-supracleithrum (=Weberian lamina of de Pinna, 1996) well developed, approximately same length as supraoccipital spine and extending parallel to either side of spine. Eye ovoid, horizontal axis longest; located entirely in dorsal half of head and with bony ridge on frontal dorsal to it. Orbit with free margin. Gill openings narrow, extending from posttemporal to longitudinal line through mouth corner.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6584F8924C30DECD4175F1F9D3276E06" pageNumber="5">Mouth small, inferior and with papillate lips; upper jaw projecting beyond lower jaw. Oral teeth small and in irregular rows on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Premaxillary tooth band consisting of two quadratic patches on either side of midline; with conical teeth and exposed when mouth is closed. Dentary tooth band narrow, with conical teeth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BBC46AECE89179C49BE7B033E218B788" pageNumber="5">Barbels in four pairs. Nasal barbel very short and slender, extending just beyond posterior margin of posterior nares. Maxillary barbel slender, extending to middle of pectoral-fin base. Outer mandibular barbel extending just beyond base of posteriormost pectoral-fin ray; inner mandibular barbel shorter, almost reaching to base of pectoral spine.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DFBC7762D7426FADDA57A925EECCC00" pageNumber="5">Body broad and depressed, becoming more compressed towards caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile rising evenly but not steeply from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin and sloping gently ventrally from origin of dorsal fin to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile horizontal to pelvic-fin base, then sloping gently dorsally from there to end of caudal peduncle. Skin with elongate and flattened plaque-like tubercles arranged in longitudinal rows along flanks. Lateral line complete and midlateral in position. Vertebrae 14+15=29 (6), 13+17=30 (1), 14+16=30 (3) or 14+17=31* (1). Abdomen smooth and flat, without adhesive apparatus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A25777F5F2E8AF760EE4F6228E7B9C3" pageNumber="5">Dorsal fin located about two-fifths along body; with 5 (12) rays and straight margin. Dorsal-fin spine compressed, straight and robust; depressed spine extending to a vertical line through tips of extended pelvic fins. Anterior margin of spine smooth, posterior margin with 24 small serrations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="645011C262DECEC124153AE5476DF4D8" pageNumber="5">Pectoral fin with stout, blade-like spine, sharply pointed at tip, and with 5 (4) or 6* (8) rays. Anterior spine margin with 8-25 strong serrations along entire length; proximal 4-13 serrations retrorse, distal 4-12 serrations antrorse; point at which serrations diverge at distal quarter of spine. Posterior spine margin with 4-10 strong serrations along entire length. Pectoral-fin margin straight anteriorly, slightly convex posteriorly. Coracoid with well developed posterior process, extending to two-thirds of distance between base of posteriormost pectoral-fin ray and pelvic-fin origin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D60DAED3B69E322DECF4849104543D3B" pageNumber="5">Pelvic-fin origin at vertical through middle of dorsal-fin base. Pelvic fin with i,5 (12) rays and slightly convex margin; tip of adpressed fin reaching anal-fin origin. Anus located at two-thirds of distance between pelvic- and anal-fin origins.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A4297773103312527726EEBA793AD9C1" pageNumber="5">Adipose fin small, posterior end deeply incised. Fin located above posterior third of anal-fin base. Anal fin with iv,6* (11) or iv,7 (1) rays and slightly curved margin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43ACADC64B42B524E60A699858D698A6" pageNumber="5">Caudal peduncle slender. Caudal fin forked, with i,5,5,i* (2) or i,5,6,i (10) principal rays; upper and lower lobes narrow and pointed, with lower lobe slightly longer than upper. Procurrent rays symmetrical, with 9-10 rays on each surface extending only slightly anterior to fin base.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F714B26F900C6B2CF380DAB4FD5C46B7" lastPageNumber="6" pageNumber="5">Coloration. In 70% alcohol: dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and body light chocolate-brown, color somewhat unevenly distributed; tubercles along lateral line cream, forming faint thin midaxial stripe. A series of cream markings on head and body: first consisting of paired spots on snout immediately in front of anterior nares and on either side of ethmoidal region; second consisting of paired spots on cheek region ventrolateral with respect to orbit, with cream coloration extending to maxillary barbels; third consisting of faint spot on supraoccipital process; fourth consisting of spot on nuchal plates; fifth consisting of transverse band spanning distance between dorsal and adipose fins and final consisting of transverse band on anterior half of caudal peduncle. Ventral surfaces of head and body cream. Dorsal fin hyaline, with faint transverse brown bands towards base and subdistally. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins hyaline, sometimes with scattered melanophores. Caudal fin hyaline, with subdistal brown band. Maxillary barbels cream, annulated with brown rings; all other barbels cream.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7CE0C68EDBA7D86C9471D9BC04D58E24" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A8568BA652C675600C1C83B304886DFC" pageNumber="6">Distribution. Known from the Mansai River drainage, itself a tributary of the Brahmaputra River in northern West Bengal state in India (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD8D825E07F99926A724C58F1C5CBB40" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A9C109341E789DCE975EBF32734A5CA3" pageNumber="6">
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Habitat and biology.
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<taxonomicName id="70E69C067272EFC7A9701FCEE5C931EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">Erethistoides sicula</taxonomicName>
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was collected from a large, shallow, fastflowing stream with a sandy bottom. The fish were usually found hiding in clumps of aquatic vegetation. Other fish species associated with this locality and habitat are: Cyprinidae -
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<taxonomicName id="698255862FDE1970CD239CAA6F41D806" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A606EBC-5DE0-47B2-9C90-A5752A3640F3" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Barilius shacra naseeri Mirza, Rafiq & Awan 1986:67" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shacra">Barilius shacra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9FC8F39500D11BD8A986E3491784BA94" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7386A55D-0492-44DF-A3E9-A4A6E544168A" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Barilius vagra pakistanicus Mirza & Sadiq 1978:1" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vagra">Barilius vagra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F8F8DF78BC54A593B5D1A7F86D482453" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DEAFD32D-30A8-4C3C-B131-9988987E4B5B" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Chagunius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chagunius chagunio prashadi Talwar & Das 1986:177" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chagunio">Chagunius chagunio</taxonomicName>
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; Psilorhynchidae -
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<taxonomicName id="F006FAFDBEC7F8BE9009B1C0D6AA3F06" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balitora">Psilorhynchus balitora</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0481337954BF911F8A6E04BB40AE3408" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D612F36-96CA-4425-9278-5C3304C3B9E0" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Psilorhynchus sucatio damodarai David 1953:248" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sucatio">Psilorhynchus sucatio</taxonomicName>
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; Cobitidae -
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<taxonomicName id="F4BE1BB2E16DDB74A8A58BC9F6C6DE8C" family="Cobitidae" genus="Canthophrys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gongota">Canthophrys gongota</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1C4D0DABA9878ED685AFE2B6AB63C076" family="Cobitidae" genus="Lepidocephalichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guntea">Lepidocephalichthys guntea</taxonomicName>
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; Balitoridae -
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<taxonomicName id="8FA9954F6BB47952DB9D21B0FA7E2AE1" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Acanthocobitis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botia">Acanthocobitis botia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="CE3425092F81D097A60BCB34EF30CB43" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Schistura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savona">Schistura savona</taxonomicName>
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; Amblycipitidae -
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<taxonomicName id="236F5537F3D557D0185F3D5655480E38" family="Amblycipitidae" genus="Amblyceps" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mangois">Amblyceps mangois</taxonomicName>
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; and Erethistidae -
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<taxonomicName id="10812F8725EAEBA0E0CB476BDFE508EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BED2BB84-3FBC-4BDC-9032-0D537AD3F726" family="Erethistidae" genus="Pseudolaguvia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pseudolaguvia Misra 1976:253" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudolaguvia</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56F7473509CA45437115C51B6E18DA3A" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7DCD9F307D5105D0461F5FD8F689B44D" pageNumber="6">Etymology. From the Latin sicula, meaning dagger, in reference to the short pectoral spines of this species. Used as a noun.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9BB9F20BEB55AA46738D7B7E319000E" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E1C898501F8DCBE9962E74A9E5924B15" pageNumber="7">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19199B7FCD5E064DE92281228E57F153" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="9710A08F18AFB0D1C727EF1A2E14B354" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:085BCF8E-AF07-4A2A-933E-A8FFA5CE820C" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides Hora 1950:190" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Erethistoides</taxonomicName>
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was originally diagnosed from other erethistid genera in having a strongly depressed head and body, and the presence of diverging serrations (retrorse, or proximally directed, on the proximal half and antrorse, or distally directed in the distal half) on the anterior edge of the pectoral spine (Hora, 1950). This was opposed to only antrorse serrations on the anterior edge of the pectoral spine in
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<taxonomicName id="16A44124E39D9FC2809E8876CB77AA2A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CBD9E8D-FD45-4D54-B3C2-9424F31A61D6" family="Erethistidae" genus="Hara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hara Blyth 1860:152" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hara</taxonomicName>
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and bifurcate serrations in
|
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<taxonomicName id="3603871720F3F5D6FC584BD735EF49FB" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Erethistes</taxonomicName>
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. I have examined individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="0F778FD88CCD046C327ED6CA7E666433" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED616DE1-B943-4013-89BE-773941100E3D" family="Erethistidae" genus="Hara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hara filamentosa Blyth 1860:152" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosa">Hara filamentosa</taxonomicName>
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in which some of the proximalmost serrations on the anterior edge of the pectoral spine are retrorse (as in
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<taxonomicName id="148F05B207B2FBEF6E39FE5F5F085A5A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:085BCF8E-AF07-4A2A-933E-A8FFA5CE820C" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides Hora 1950:190" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Erethistoides</taxonomicName>
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) and not antrorse as typically reported for
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<taxonomicName id="4489AFF33D40BD5E8F27F71F5B0BF28F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CBD9E8D-FD45-4D54-B3C2-9424F31A61D6" family="Erethistidae" genus="Hara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hara Blyth 1860:152" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hara</taxonomicName>
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. Therefore, the utility of the pectoral spine morphology as a useful diagnostic character for distinguishing the genera is doubtful. In my study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Erethistidae, I have identified two new unambiguous synapomorphies diagnostic for
|
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<taxonomicName id="17069AF37F535DFCC384AD699F787EA6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:085BCF8E-AF07-4A2A-933E-A8FFA5CE820C" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides Hora 1950:190" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Erethistoides</taxonomicName>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3FC9906FEB22E19742A2F38EDFC46E7" pageNumber="8">1. Neural spines of the first eight post-Weberian vertebrae strongly depressed, inflected posteriorly, and positioned in a groove formed by the prezygapophyses of the vertebrae immediately posterior (Fig. 4). The neural spines of the corresponding vertebrae in other erethistid genera are not as strongly depressed, and are not strongly deflected posteriorly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="51EE1D50CA41540C5B4348411ABC6978" pageNumber="8">2. An enlarged maxilla that is almost as long as the palatine (Fig. 5). The maxilla is half or less than half the length of the palatine in other erethistids.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D36EB1783DB84C49FED0B182E62B9F67" pageNumber="8">
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Two additional synapomorphies that are not unique to
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<taxonomicName id="FCD58749C8D9DF9C07E4752B3BE99853" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:085BCF8E-AF07-4A2A-933E-A8FFA5CE820C" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides Hora 1950:190" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Erethistoides</taxonomicName>
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have also been identified:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB50E72A3832608B2FB067F31F9DDDC4" pageNumber="9">
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1. A fan-shaped mesethmoid lacking distinct cornua (vs. a Y-shaped mesethmoid in other erethistids; Fig. 5). This condition is shared only with
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|
<taxonomicName id="36217C88E85C40DABB4AD8C8D0DF6F1F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A316B41-E52D-4596-8F18-ED1F5764A35F" family="Erethistidae" genus="Ayarnangra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ayarnangra Roberts 2001:83" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ayarnangra</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2333C1198CC05030BF3FD7EEEF19873F" pageNumber="9">
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2. A strongly overhanging snout with the premaxillary tooth plates completely exposed when the mouth is closed (Fig. 1, ventral view). This condition is shared only with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="17E3080672E434E7A3E1B677A6783CB4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8A316B41-E52D-4596-8F18-ED1F5764A35F" family="Erethistidae" genus="Ayarnangra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ayarnangra Roberts 2001:83" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ayarnangra</taxonomicName>
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. In other erethistid genera, the snout is not strongly overhanging and the premaxillary tooth plates are either not exposed, or only partially exposed when the mouth is closed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0F1DE9FE6B33EFF9A3629F252ED9EDA4" lastPageNumber="10" pageNumber="9">
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The differences in biometrics between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9DAB1327C0537D183AAD69B325BDA854" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">E. sicula</taxonomicName>
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and
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|
<taxonomicName id="0DD9B3F4E5FBDFE1C60309788C41014E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
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are unlikely to be due to ontogeny alone. Biplots of pectoral-spine length (Fig. 6) and caudal-peduncle length (Fig. 7) against SL show that the slopes of the regression lines are significantly different (ANCOVA; P<0.001 in both cases). It should be noted that the plots of both
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DB5515E2C8482F3BC25E387A72180833" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
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and
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|
<taxonomicName id="284D1516E4A06FD86C9C3FDB968C4C28" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4956CC4-3569-46C7-BE2E-37885905CA2D" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana pipri Hora 1950:193" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipri">E. pipri</taxonomicName>
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|
for pectoral-spine and caudal-peduncle lengths all fall outside of the 95% confidence interval of the regression lines for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="04DF7FE0950E4ED5B763FEAF888220F4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">E. sicula</taxonomicName>
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|
(Figs. 6a and 7a). The corresponding plots for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A1C49D23372D0D88D0D290350E7F95B0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">E. sicula</taxonomicName>
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|
fall inside the 95% confidence interval for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C73D5A9F178E2F67B0F73276DFB9CE2E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Figs. 6b and 7b), but this is most likely the result of the extremely small sample size obtained (only a single specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="294AE4204AA8BB196A004E43F71EAFF7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4956CC4-3569-46C7-BE2E-37885905CA2D" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana pipri Hora 1950:193" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipri">E. pipri</taxonomicName>
|
|
could be examined and hence regression lines could not be calculated). In any case, the presence of the bony splint on the posterodorsal edge of the opercle additionally diagnoses
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7224A493DC461FAD3339C19E097113EF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">E. sicula</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1BF6F1FAFE800EEE67CCCD7CE75AEDA6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This character is found useful for diagnosing the two species (i.e., it does not vary much intraspecifically). The condition of the posterodorsal edge of the opercle (i.e., whether the bony splint is present) can be observed in non-osteologically prepared specimens by careful dissection of the skin surrounding the area.
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|
</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="72E1E54A2133DDE4F23D47FCD486193C" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="583F1F271AFF3C6DDDB8F3EF1CC5C0FD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:439BE4CD-38E1-4064-967E-FD6A36F79871" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides sicula Ng 2005" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sicula">Erethistoides sicula</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A02C7A8ACCCA550906191ED2702D8B91" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F07A5213-8D5F-40C8-ACB7-2CB6B1268D20" family="Erethistidae" genus="Erethistoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Erethistoides montana Hora 1950:191" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">E. montana</taxonomicName>
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|
occur sympatrically in the Brahmaputra River drainage. The presence of more than one species of small catfishes with specific habitat requirements (and of limited vagility) in only one river drainage highlights the hidden nature of the biodiversity of this region and emphasizes the need for more extensive ichthyofaunal surveys.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |