173 lines
19 KiB
XML
173 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.303.5230" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bae85c7d-e900-4965-89d9-00140a8a659d" ID-PMC="PMC3689068" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-303-53" ID-PubMed="23794903" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-303-53" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 303" ModsDocTitle="A food plant specialist in Sparganothini: A new genus and species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)" checkinTime="1451247269031" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Brown, John W., Janzen, Daniel H. & Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2013" docId="0E6BF26BCCDB7B0CAE67B8EAC925FEA8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 303: 53-63" docOrigin="ZooKeys 303" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.303.5230" docTitle="Sparganocosma Brown, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF84D12AFFDBFF90E97A1B580823FA5F" masterDocTitle="A food plant specialist in Sparganothini: A new genus and species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668155872133" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A food plant specialist in Sparganothini: A new genus and species from Costa Rica (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>303</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>53</mods:start>
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<mods:end>63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.303.5230</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.303.5230</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-303-53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044373" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67B1DA19-F8BF-4D49-A6AC-E86CCFACB618" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E6BF26BCCDB7B0CAE67B8EAC925FEA8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:67B1DA19-F8BF-4D49-A6AC-E86CCFACB618" authority="Brown" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma Brown</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="54">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma docsturnerorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="docsturnerorum">Sparganocosma docsturnerorum</taxonomicName>
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Brown, new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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In facies,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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are unlike any other known sparganothine genus. The forewing pattern is somewhat two-toned longitudinally, pale buff along the costal half, usually interrupted near the middle of the wing by an ill-defined area of darker scales, and dark brown along the dorsal half, broadening toward the termen and apex. The forewing also has a characteristic long, slender costal fold in the male. Adults are about the same size (forewing length) or slightly larger than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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Clemens, 1860 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aesiocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aesiocopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aesiocopa</taxonomicName>
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Zeller, 1877 with similar sexual dimorphism in size - females are slightly larger than males. Dimorphism in forewing pattern in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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is less pronounced than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aesiocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aesiocopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aesiocopa</taxonomicName>
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and slightly more pronounced than in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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. The labial palpi in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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are similar to those of many
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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- somewhat upturned-porrect, their combined (all three segments) length 2.2-2.5 times the diameter of the compound eye, and with little sexual dimorphism. In contrast, the labial palpi of most
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="tribe" tribe="Sparganothini">Sparganothini</taxonomicName>
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are conspicuously long and porrect and frequently exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism (see Powell and
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Brown 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). Abdominal dorsal pits are absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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, whereas they are present in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aesiocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aesiocopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aesiocopa</taxonomicName>
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, many species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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, and a few other sparganothine genera (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Coelostathma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelostathma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelostathma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganopseustis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganopseustis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganopseustis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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In the female genitalia, the signum of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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is broad and band shaped, similar to that of several other sparganothines (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aesiocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aesiocopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aesiocopa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbimorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbimorpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbimorpha</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Coelostathma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelostathma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelostathma</taxonomicName>
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Clemens, 1860,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Lambertiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lambertiodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lambertiodes</taxonomicName>
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Diakonoff, 1959,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Paramorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paramorbia</taxonomicName>
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Powell & Lambert, 1986,
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<taxonomicName genus="Rhynchophyllus" lsidName="Rhynchophyllus" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="genus">Rhynchophyllus</taxonomicName>
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Meyrick, 1932,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganopseustis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganopseustis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganopseustis</taxonomicName>
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Powell & Lambert, 1986,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganothina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganothina</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganothoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganothoides</taxonomicName>
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), but it is distinguished from that of other genera by its slightly rounded-triangular swelling in the middle, which is unique to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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. The sterigma in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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is weakly bilobed, and therefore similar to that of many
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Coelostathma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelostathma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelostathma</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="55" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
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the male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganocosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganocosma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganocosma</taxonomicName>
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the secondary arms of the socius are absent, a character state shared with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Paramorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paramorbia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganothina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganothina</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName genus="Coelosthathma" lsidName="Coelosthathma" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">Coelosthathma</taxonomicName>
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. The male genitalia are distinguished from those of all other
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="tribe" tribe="Sparganothiini">Sparganothiini</taxonomicName>
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by the extremely short uncus (approximately 0.3 the length of the socius); the smooth (lacking spines), slender transtilla; and the long, upturned, free distal rod of the sacculus. The latter is reminiscent of that found in some species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sparganothina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sparganothina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sparganothina</taxonomicName>
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, but the two genera are extremely dissimilar in forewing size and maculation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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Head: Vertex rough scaled with overhanging tuft, upper frons rough scaled, lower frons smooth scaled, without complex hood. Labial palpus (Figure 1) moderate in length, segment II 1.5-1.8 times horizontal diameter of compound eye, weakly upcurved; segment III exposed, porrect. Ocellus minute or inconspicuous. Antennal scaling in two bands per segment, sensory setae 0.7-0.8 times flagellomere width in male, shorter, sparser in female. Thorax: Tegula large, nota smooth scaled; legs unmodified. Forewing (Figure 2) broad, about 2.6 times as long as wide, with narrow costal fold in male, extending ca. 0.4 length of costa; no raised scales present; all veins present and separate, except R4 and R5 stalked in basal 0.35-0.40 in both sexes, with both extending to costa before apex; chorda and m-stem absent. Hindwing with Rs and M1 approximate at base, CuA1 and M3 connate, and M2 and M3 approximate at base; cubital hair pecten well developed in both sexes. Abdomen: Dorsal pits absent. Female lacking enlarged corethrogyne scaling. Male genitalia with uncus small, approximately 0.3 times length of socius, weakly curved ventrad; socius slender, slightly broadened posteriorly, densely clothed in long scales, mostly fused to tegumen, but with free, membranous posterior lobe, lacking secondary arm; gnathos absent; transtilla short, smooth (lacking spines), slightly arched medially; pulvinus weakly developed, represented by basal termination of linear patch of setae along costa of valva; valva broad, short, mostly parallel-sided, with concave
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“notch”">"notch"</normalizedToken>
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apically (similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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); row of strong setae along subcosta, except basally; sacculus well defined, weakly undulate, with a long, free rod near termination. Phallus approximately 0.75 length of valva, curved at about 135° angle at approximately 0.3 distance from base, with small dorsal spur in distal 0.3; vesica with dense bundle of 40-50 aciculate, subbasally attached, deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia with papillae anales, simple, unmodified, slightly narrowed anteriorly; apophyses simple, about as long as papillae anales, posteriores only slightly longer than anteriores; sterigma a shallow, weakly bilobed bowl, with conspicuous subcircular sclerite in postostial sterigma; ostium defined posteriorly by narrow, strongly scleritozed ridge; ductus bursae relatively broad throughout, slightly longer than corpus bursae, with short, well defined but membranous colliculum; corpus bursae round or slightly bilobed, densely and finely wrinkled; signum a broad, curved ribbon with small, rounded-triangular expansion near middle, truncate at each end, situated in anterior half of corpus bursae; tiny, semi-membranous, knob-like process on exterior surface of corpus bursae near signum (as in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amorbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorbia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorbia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Aesiocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aesiocopa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aesiocopa</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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The genus name is from the Latin
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“spargano,”">"spargano,"</normalizedToken>
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to scatter or throw around, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“cosm,”">"cosm,"</normalizedToken>
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referring to the universe. It is interpreted as masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |