275 lines
30 KiB
XML
275 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="E5CD9282BACCCBB103C143F4960252FE" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83fd18f7-fda9-46b8-942b-2d07f89e8793" ID-PMC="PMC4432316" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-501-1" ID-PubMed="25987876" ID-ZooBank="3405149612EA43BC989A7AA5722394BA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-501-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 501" ModsDocTitle="On the identity of Chamaedrilusglandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species" checkinTime="1451244379589" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Martinsson, Svante, Rota, Emilia & Erseus, Christer" docDate="2015" docId="0E333024B4A0A229B2B39724D46A8245" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 501: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 501" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279" docTitle="Chamaedrilus glandulosus Michaelsen 1888, sensu stricto" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFE1FFBBFFFDFFDAFFDDFFB9FFFFFFB6" masterDocTitle="On the identity of Chamaedrilusglandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1701316954785" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B95FB88CE62C38C24F8CCEA5E993993F">On the identity of Chamaedrilusglandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888) (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae), with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FACBF928F8314BEA2C577657A4489B50">Martinsson, Svante</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="417B6C43AB037F90186EA6A81A62C9EA">Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F3F1BBF660B3CACB1A84A1B3612E068">Erseus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0DAD0A5A548796F255F5E1F1E309AC70">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6149C52793DDD94927659AB663F276F2">501</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="47166656D12A370F941F8F3157705421" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9279</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E333024B4A0A229B2B39724D46A8245" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E333024B4A0A229B2B39724D46A8245" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E333024B4A0A229B2B39724D46A8245" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="DB15FEFFEB10941056FCFC20C3D22292" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="3581E3DAA912531A4E749474445F6165" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Taxon classification Animalia Enchytraeida Enchytraeidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6B9CBC03AF7BB44626BA08F00DC3C96D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A05D7045C8A08BF2EAD85F1774FDA6A7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="AFB107FA70C90C1D00BC329634EDF3DC" ID-CoL="TJTT" authority="Michaelsen, 1888" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1888" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus (Michaelsen, 1888)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="166F3AFD72B2FDB113344CA2E2D84046" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1A79ECC5EC386708F489B51F920E0229" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3AB8240197A60DCC491F475A8C4A5B99" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="E3CF692C5EE96CC31EC066BC734E6168" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Pachydrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachydrilus sphagnetorum var. glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="sphagnetorum" variety="glandulosus">Pachydrilus sphagnetorum var. glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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Michaelsen, 1888: 490, plate 23, fig. 2
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<normalizedToken id="36785B9A43B0497A1EC800DC702A7D6F" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="57BE3A3D38CC19143CC7F469AE7FCEA4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="2208BE128909D5BFDFD54535A30A9A45" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marionia sphagnetorum var. glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="variety" species="sphagnetorum" variety="glandulosa">Marionia sphagnetorum var. glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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; Michaelsen 1889: 29.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ACC0E0CB892DA3A8A56D8C2AC89F068C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="447CC260223F1857742D5C649704BA0C" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marionina glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Marionina glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="438423273ABB74FBB853B2084505E8B7" author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender & Sohn, Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Oligochaeta" url="10.5962/bhl.title.1108" year="1900">Michaelsen 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 74.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="09BEBA8C66612E8A906E85826839B391" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="C6183EAA8BDEFFA0103D5A7E7DC80208" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A3E8155D234191065EEF1AA10B763AD0" author="Friend, H" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination=": 174" title="A new British enchytraeid worm." url="10.1038/104174a0" volume="104" year="1919">Friend 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 174, partim.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FAACC0776616865AB698AC2EB75A355C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="40547A53A3FBC5EC62E59FD1E272C4EE" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Enchytraeoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Enchytraeoides glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Enchytraeoides glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E15EF6A3E6310FCE17EFA14175567B78" author="Buelow, T von" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschung" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="253 - 264" title="Oligochaeten aus den Endgebieten der Schlei." volume="11" year="1955">
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von
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<normalizedToken id="CB077A0B5F756D0B9C37F08423F54802" originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
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1955
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 257.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1E7F5E3DED297E529E80EF6A486257" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="7F862C51724161C98BE1C2E3B2E1D1AE" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="96E87377588223A777761AA3CD24CD02" author="Nielsen, CO" journalOrPublisher="Natura Jutlandica" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 160" title="The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species." volume="8 - 9" year="1959">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 43, fig. 30, partim;
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<bibRefCitation id="82BB4700F0D10732A7DA94EBDDCB1827" author="Schmelz, RM" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 176" title="A guide to European terrestrial and freshwater species of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta)." volume="82" year="2010">Schmelz and Collado 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 79, partim.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EEB20BB84264C8F5B7C20FFAD96E0D95" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="37D08999A3ED82B7F51A41AAFC72E936" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Cognettia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cognettia glandulosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosa">Cognettia glandulosa</taxonomicName>
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B;
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<bibRefCitation id="7ABF51C53FB0D19C9EC1AB37330A12AE" author="Martinsson, S" journalOrPublisher="Pedobiologia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="27 - 35" title="Cryptic diversity in the well-studied terrestrial worm Cognettiasphagnetorum (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae)." url="10.1016/j.pedobi.2013.09.006" volume="57" year="2014">
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Martinsson and
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<normalizedToken id="0740B71FD2EA3FDA8851EE270EBA2D12" originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2F45935AED5B389B192D5F063DC861FC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="lectotype">
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<paragraph id="DFBF215F238464B21AD7357543AE877A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lectotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="04D19C873BE005DD64FB93A2E0E4D4F5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ZMUH V 429a, mature anterior part, in alcohol, leg. W. Michaelsen, date not given (before 1888).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="329B84CA3C3DB4B003CC2108065D96A3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="BAC201E96EC6C899EB3DAA543E711E53" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="21301FCFC42F8B4288F39E8985E63A2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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GERMANY: Hamburg, banks of Bille River, in detritus ("Billeufer, im Detritus") (
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<geoCoordinate id="FC7B4FEA00C2D95BF7BDD620AF1C596F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="53.54">N 53.54°</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CC40220E721C5645B0741FB6F68D5831" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="10.09">E 10.09°</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FB169F6815FB662D0673FEA1FFA83674" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paralectotype">
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<paragraph id="761D06985790F6139088CF314B69F3F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paralectotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5AE70D1460776642CDD1569F6AB72E6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ZMUH V 429b, immature specimen, in alcohol; same collection data as for lectotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C4B81005D5A45751DFC4C63F8095A75" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="additional type material">
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<paragraph id="3C8AD73B9798435DFB767A17DC0C5CD6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Additional type material</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70FFBE856927DB880DCD1CEDC1DC5E33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(not studied). Paralectotypes ZMUH V 429b, 8 specimens in alcohol, same collection data as for lectotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="007A0E7E225FC55AD940C97647AD727E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="other material">
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<paragraph id="214DAF7846C3961AC0930EB8F0EB20E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC155819C5BD42154E0455A11ED21973" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">See Table 1. In total 15 specimens, of which 1 from Finland, one from Norway and 13 from Sweden (whereof one mature and three submature). All specimens except one are DNA barcoded (Table 1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F82E3DD3144469D2F886B9CA946DA50B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="36E215364C84A05FDA1FD88D4B179D40" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F249FF0CB87017AA0C89D36C9C6AF88C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Can be separated from all other European species of
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<taxonomicName id="74DE3F4F6C4D5FFAA0FB02D706A1382A" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Chamaedrilus</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName id="ADC2798067612692FF9C9E63114A8566" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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by its unique combination of 2-4 pairs of well-developed secondary pharyngeal glands, two chaetae per lateral bundle in preclitellar segments, and three chaetae in all other bundles, spermathecae with comparatively long ectal ducts, and genitalia shifted forward 3-4 segments (in relation to normal placement in
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<taxonomicName id="876FB9DAD5EF2FA82787A01FE32A9414" family="Enchytraeidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="family">Enchytraeidae</taxonomicName>
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). No characters completely separate this species from
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<taxonomicName id="AB606BDF0F07AE058040C60F486B856F" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., but specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="A83822D1BDEE2230BE3028DBBCE5334B" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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are usually larger and have only two chaetae in the lateral bundles of preclitellar segments, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="EF4CD411EBBB313B27E2DA91012C944C" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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usually has three chaetae in lateral bundles of III-V. Furthermore,
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<taxonomicName id="1C701F51CB9F471A8D3C7892421846D7" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
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is found in aquatic habitats only (i.e. submerged under water for most of the time), whereas
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<taxonomicName id="E9AA31448175F98309FC78C8EC2F95BB" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
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is found in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats; so far we have not found them occurring together.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2196160090786CBB06AF0047C3C9A717" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E2684B917FCCBC66936D80D196DED422" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DEAE25A9686FF7BBDF2FA351DA4A9ACF" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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EXTERNAL CHARACTERS: Size: length of 20 anteriormost segments 3.49-6.68 mm, mean 4.55
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<normalizedToken id="8C65A6B0B2456A38FDFD0E22CF51B556" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.87 (n=11); body width in XII 0.24-0.56 mm, mean 0.42
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<normalizedToken id="26EBAA1602C89853F4AD48669DD26452" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.10 (n = 14). Chaetae sigmoid without nodulus, 60-100
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<normalizedToken id="3DF2B24A32AF22AC2764ECE5D4B06C53" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, chaetal formula 2,(3)-3:3-3, with 3 lateral chaetae per bundle from VII-IX; in sexually mature specimens, ventral chaetae, or both ventral and lateral chaetae, missing in the segment bearing male pores (VIII or IX). In the sexually mature and submature specimens examined, clitellum poorly developed.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="815E170B1EC84B4307B20819188128AD" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
INTERNAL CHARACTERS: Brain concave posteriorly, 160-210
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E4E3342E63792B12A27A651C56BECF0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Pharyngeal glands 3-4 primary pairs; 2-4 pairs of well-developed secondary glands (Fig. 2A), secondary glands behind the first pair of primary glands sometimes missing. Dorsal blood vessel arising in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16D00A508995CCE2A1EFD01A6D6B2CC2" originalValue="XVI–XX">XVI-XX</normalizedToken>
|
||
. First pair of nephridia present at 7/8-8/9; nephridia with efferent duct originating antero-ventrally, close to septum; anteseptale consisting of funnel only; postseptale elongate (Fig. 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6024E54D93574060B7FA482866566D1B" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Chloragogen cells granulated; 35-55
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0FA19E76073901F984AC279F897EF369" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Coelomocytes granulated, round to oval, 25-30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4BAC8DA6ADA5F2ADE5DC4F878984B71A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C5ACE0340F0A77D91572CCF273B7C451" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B9C61ABA882873593F6EAB7168837CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7144E42564C7FF8E114E6F424B0008B2" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Michaelsen, 1888) sensu stricto. A Anterior part of body (immature specimen) in lateral view, indicating chaetal distribution and the size, shape and number of pharyngeal glands B Sperm funnel, ental tract of vas deferens and penial bulb, to show their relative size proportions C Nephridium at septum 8/9, lateral view D Nephridium at septum 10/11, lateral view E Spermatheca F Spermatheca redrawn from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BAC585BEDF471E9DA7E5D8F61C1A0A04" author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Mikroskopische Anatomie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="483 - 498" title="Beitrage zur Kenntniss der deutschen Enchytraeiden-Fauna." url="10.1007/BF02955717" volume="31" year="1888">Michaelsen (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Abbreviations: eg = ectal gland; pb = penial bulb; sa = spermathecal ampulla; sd = spermathecal duct; sf = sperm funnel. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A66FC708566FA8A266595F9F45CFFD4A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(A); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0954E2587B40ECFEC125ED66E585FD66" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="005EF2B2D7697A12A85FF7539EFCD65F" originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5522E79F2FCD287456A494B2602152A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Seminal vesicle distinct and unpaired in one specimen (CE18516), poorly developed in all other mature or submature specimens. Other genitalia paired. Sperm funnel about 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ED99EEFFFCD52BEE046C17DB284AE58D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, tapering, 25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E81B2C3300B8EBDD74AD99022759561F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide basally, 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BB92962003FB6F8B370C036046A9A0D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide proximally; collar 55-60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F0775FF7FA51530982507912CD7CA6DD" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide. Spermatozoa on collar in a few mature/submature worms. Vas deferens long, simple, with several loops, about 12
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1C26147D744C7B6AE1DCC219429F80A8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide. Penial bulb poorly developed, about 25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AA66A439A9C5787C7D1491F2CE3BF4A7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, 60-65
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF366A06771FCE123C3C07D9FBB2E904" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long (Fig. 2B). Male pores in VIII or IX. Spermathecae paired; pores located slightly below lateral chaetae; ectal duct smooth, 240
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF0E21D93EA8C30BA3D2E0C47EFA5AE8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, about 17
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9DF95BF8119DA8ED2645CAE385672BB2" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide; ectal gland 35-40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9E7164BEC91E118A3E36D8E1C28590D4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter; ampulla oval, about 150
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F467D1F5F75B2BE52187DB498171989" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, not attached to oesophagus (Fig. 2E); sperm in ampulla of lectotype only. Spermathecae confined to V or entering into VI.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7CA9B9897B944E908A86D15F2D215CBF" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="habitat and distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A34D58241B8E3294B33876097C4042E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="125D83DF64F72E87A82883DC77D5ADC1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Occurs in freshwater habitats, in sand and gravel bottoms in lakes and small streams, and climbing on vegetation and dead wood in water. Barcoded specimens document occurrence in Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden, but the species is probably more widely distributed, not only in Europe. For instance,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C800977F44782BF2BCC3FB09CB78035" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. l. has also been reported from North America: the records by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB110D4D14DBE95A7B8B8CC6BE8DE6DA" author="Nurminen, M" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="399 - 402" title="Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) from the vicinity of Montreal, Canada." volume="10" year="1973">Nurminen (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AAFDFBE9559F429FB8EA3095F0696E89" author="Healy, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="118 - 137" title="Records of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from west Florida, 1. Mesenchytraeus, Cognettia, Bryodrilus, Hemienchytraeus, Henlea and Buchholzia." volume="109" year="1996">Healy (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are insufficiently described and cannot even tentatively be assigned to any of the two species, and the records by
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD576D77250DCDBBFF29ACF1FC03A823" originalValue="Schlaghamerský">Schlaghamersky</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2013) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56778A227D2209C27D833F52E5A426D4" author="Schlaghamersky, J" journalOrPublisher="Applied Soil Ecology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="159 - 169" title="Earthworm invasion alters enchytraeid community composition and individual biomass in northern hardwood forests of North America." url="10.1016/j.apsoil.2013.09.005" volume="83" year="2014">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A326FFB7A566C36780D531F091BDDA9C" originalValue="Schlaghamerský">Schlaghamersky</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are likely to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="935FA61BAD8319144368C398B16B6359" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see under Habitat and distribution for that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3FCC2D2E83F31CDFFE31CC8F4CF28BC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3957CC5809B976A2E1391D7D6291622E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4923C45693F1454823C2FEF6D69C787F" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Seems to reproduce mainly parthenogenetically; specimens with developing genitalia are found from June to July (Sweden).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="92C56FB23667B7F775A11D5802DEAAE4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="0BBB97D3F2C99BB903C7B92DA6FE3C9D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C157DBFB9C2588C3F8F2A98C266470BB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C234D37EC50B04E3E6CC258EF7BC3E77" author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Mikroskopische Anatomie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="483 - 498" title="Beitrage zur Kenntniss der deutschen Enchytraeiden-Fauna." url="10.1007/BF02955717" volume="31" year="1888">Michaelsen (1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84535DBEC1AA5D020E52222432E60B1D" author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender & Sohn, Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="Oligochaeta" url="10.5962/bhl.title.1108" year="1900">1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described this species as sturdier than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CFC3D0CA2DA22BCBC630134C260F68A" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus sphagnetorum" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sphagnetorum">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="364747881EA6AAE5BBE28B50ADE5C324" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Chamaedrilus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sphagnetorum
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 2 chaetae per preclitellar lateral bundle and three chaetae in all other bundles. This together with the fact that
|
||
<normalizedToken id="45A8510B384AEFA0C4D2841993D27133" originalValue="Michaelsen’s">Michaelsen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
type material was collected at an aquatic site makes us confident that our new material is conspecific with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E67D015485C85DFFF719F7ADC3368F18" originalValue="Michaelsen’s">Michaelsen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EEDE862D6492ED275068B9407158041D" author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Mikroskopische Anatomie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="483 - 498" title="Beitrage zur Kenntniss der deutschen Enchytraeiden-Fauna." url="10.1007/BF02955717" volume="31" year="1888">Michaelsen (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the spermathecae in vivo as very long ("they often project, in spite of much meandering, up to the segment VII") and the ampullae to consist each of an ectal enlargement followed by a long connecting tube and an expanded ental chamber (Fig. 2F). In our new material the spermathecae seem to be either not fully developed or much contracted after fixation: they show simple oval ampullae, not differentiated into ectal and ental compartments. In the mature lectotype we can only follow the spermathecae to what we interpret as the ampullar ectal enlargement.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F31CED370C65C5DFFBB71BE7BE89236A" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus glandulosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Chamaedrilus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C99AF1F0275FEBAB8B45B0A7C7BA53B3" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Chamaedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaedrilus varisetosus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="varisetosus">Chamaedrilus varisetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
described below. Both the length of the 20 anteriormost segments (P = 1.5E-5) and the width in segment XII (P = 5.5E-5) differ significantly between the two species (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4CDF25A529FA62F93B7E4B0C6FC505" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">This species is represented in BOLD by BIN: AAT8923.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |