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<document id="9894AA207B9B3235AD7B5F718158A1DA" ID-CLB-Dataset="3036" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2014v692a12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c3dab5f-6ac0-4f70-937e-8e57ea720521" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761949" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637671530936" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Buerki, Sven, Doherty, Rebecca, Gautier, Laurent &amp; Callmander, Martin W." docDate="2014" docId="0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.69.2.195-200.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Candollea 69 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FB35ED2BCB231A5F446DBDA23BDBADFC.2:Candollea.2012-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="FB35ED2BCB231A5F446DBDA23BDBADFC" docStyleName="Candollea.2012-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Tsingya bemarana Capuron" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="199" masterDocId="F155FFDACD176807EA7E9B04FFF7131C" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of the genus Tsingya Capuron (Sapindaceae) and its phylogenetic position" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="195" pageNumber="196" updateTime="1699469354396" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="EC03D63A2391C5764813AEFD11DEDE23" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="69219A61643EC21335256726A5529CF8">
<mods:title id="BBE1D824DEF748C9DEAFF4E835522DA9">Rediscovery of the genus Tsingya Capuron (Sapindaceae) and its phylogenetic position</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A3775FE1BF5547B4C7973ECCDF789E5A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2B45C79756CE4764874658414C767B57">
<mods:roleTerm id="C438BCBB4BCCA47595F1D76950A37CD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6D6EC953E325C5AFCA194B31D0155A3C">Buerki, Sven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B6A091A68748049E37F992AEACA4ADCE">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7525213508AE11D1D5B23BFA20A2D9F5" type="email">s.buerki@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9A7456B7336AD91E0161DE04CD2391BB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B986E0503DDF4DA4C8829617EF17FC70">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0A7693E1825A9799E0677D65D85545C9">Doherty, Rebecca</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9B42B73329B0587DD5BEE8BFA47208B7">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A5B6D211E19B7792D110F06ADC0C5B74" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AEA937669E24AFFD28A1360F88D8A1AC">
<mods:roleTerm id="FD9EC19339EA74AEC24B3EA49822E787">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DA0A57BC8C01C9F45F96272D4DF8DD3E">Gautier, Laurent</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E27DF909E08CF90AB731FFF971A23545">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Laboratoire de botanique systématique et biodiversité, Université de Genève, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="032AF23DAA5C0AA2775C1E5FDCF8F694" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FF97534BFC3DE87A5F3BFA32142D3BD5">
<mods:roleTerm id="797313A3D8A52182B71FD962D00F677F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DCD09579AEF08F2C9238A18CF0F00C34">Callmander, Martin W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A04E613B6D6A85CD6E45A46A249BA7DC">Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D5F103E867C9CD4BF82B2161A61CD754">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B89B42D6F667A48F9E0519DE77E80176">
<mods:title id="6B64A69902F87E77DBD42093FFF9690B">Candollea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F9D52004386B8CC0784B7FD3440CF7AE">
<mods:date id="B376114351D2CEF349A78759105C1E66">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8C78B3F5FB20DF4320FE02717DA0F300">2014-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E2DD0862AFF2ACE155C7A0585ED8C1B8">69</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F20386DC96B507527B9CC80EEFD71FB2">195</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E82C72C11C36D7F848A9100C7EC67310">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="539C6A636AD9054D715EFD01296F9D8B" type="DOI">10.15553/c2014v692a12</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD166806E9469E3FFBA5166F" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD166806E9469E3FFBA5166F" blockId="1.[824,1474,1339,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<heading id="DE3281D8CD166806E9469E3FFBA5166F" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD166806E9469E3FFB9B164F" ID-CoL="59HKL" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Capuron" box="[824,1132,1339,1363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806E9469E3FFBF0164F" bold="true" box="[824,1031,1339,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Tsingya bemarana</emphasis>
Capuron
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="50EF3ED8CD166806EEF19E3FFBBC166F" journal="Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. B, Bot." page="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" score="0.7091175896290688" volume="19" year="1969">Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. B, Bot. 19: 104. 1969</bibCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD166806EE279E5FFB47166F" box="[1113,1200,1371,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="description">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD166806EE279E5FFB47166F" blockId="1.[824,1474,1339,1562]" box="[1113,1200,1371,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
(
<figureCitation id="1DFE2A31CD166806EE1C9E5FFB68166F" box="[1122,1183,1371,1395]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,121,1927,1947]" captionTargetBox="[97,1475,275,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[341,1231,335,1849]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Herbarium scan of Tsingya bemarana Capuron collected by Hanitrarivo, Bolliger &amp; RakotozaFy 167 kept at G showing the pyriform fruit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761955/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD166806E9209E86FB2D1506" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD166806E9209E86FB2D1506" blockId="1.[824,1474,1339,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<materialsCitation id="35AD3CE9CD166806E9209E86FC1F16E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3465112302" collectingDate="1952-11" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Service Forestier" country="Madagascar" location="Plateau calcaire du Bemahara" municipality="Mahajunga" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="P00076184" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806E9209E86FAF01686" bold="true" box="[862,1287,1410,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
Typus:
<collectingCountry id="FDD27624CD166806E9D39E86FBCC1685" box="[941,1083,1410,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. Prov.
<collectingMunicipality id="651EACCECD166806EEFC9E86FB0A1686" box="[1154,1277,1410,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Mahajunga</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="801A606FCD166806EF729E86FC3116A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB:801A606FCD166806EF729E86FC3116A6" country="Madagascar" municipality="Mahajunga" name="Plateau calcaire du Bemahara" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Plateau calcaire du Bemahara</location>
, aux env. de
<location id="801A606FCD166806EE359EA6FB5316A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB:801A606FCD166806EE359EA6FB5316A6" box="[1099,1188,1442,1466]" country="Madagascar" municipality="Mahajunga" name="Tsiandro" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Tsiandro</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="E0F15073CD166806EEC79EA6FA4416A6" box="[1209,1459,1442,1466]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">18°39’55”S 44°43’42”E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="F17B1074CD166806E9209EC6FC4716C6" box="[862,944,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="1952-11">
<collectingDate id="E13FE99CCD166806E9209EC6FC4716C6" box="[862,944,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" value="1952-11">XI.1952</collectingDate>
</date>
, galled fl. &amp; imm. fr.,
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806EEF99EC6FA9016C6" box="[1159,1383,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
<collectorName id="28305362CD166806EEF99EC6FAC716C6" box="[1159,1328,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Service Forestier</collectorName>
6762
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5A7E8816CD166806EF0A9EC6FA5F16C6" box="[1396,1448,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holo-</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD166806EFCD9EC6FA3516C6" box="[1459,1474,1474,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD166806E9189EE6FC2F16E6" box="[870,984,1506,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P00076184</specimenCode>
]!
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="35AD3CE9CD166806E98B9EE6FB241506" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3465112301" collectingDate="1952-11" collectionCode="P, TEF" collectorName="Service Forestier" country="Madagascar" location="Plateau calcaire du Bemahara" municipality="Mahajunga" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" specimenCode="P00076183, P00214682, P00363062, TEF000597" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="5A7E8816CD166806E98B9EE6FBED16E6" box="[1013,1050,1506,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="isotype">iso-</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD166806EE599EE6FBC116E6" box="[1063,1078,1506,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD166806EE3D9EE6FB4216E6" box="[1091,1205,1506,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P00076183</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD166806EEBF9EE6FAC416E6" box="[1217,1331,1506,1530]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P00214682</specimenCode>
] images seen,
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD166806E9209D06FC9A1506" box="[862,877,1538,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD166806E9049D06FC1B1506" box="[890,1004,1538,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">P00363062</specimenCode>
]!,
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD166806EE769D06FBC11506" box="[1032,1078,1538,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">TEF</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD166806EE3D9D06FB4C1506" box="[1091,1211,1538,1562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">TEF000597</specimenCode>
]!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD166805E9209D2EFED415C8" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" type="description">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD166805E9209D2EFED415C8" blockId="1.[824,1475,1578,1954]" lastBlockId="2.[113,764,1458,1748]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">
Monoecious
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806E98A9D2EFBDD155E" box="[1012,1066,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">trees</emphasis>
with platanoid bark exfoliating in plates,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806E9FD9D4EFC2A157E" box="[899,989,1610,1634]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="13.0">13-25 m</quantity>
tall,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806EE6D9D4EFB8D157E" box="[1043,1146,1610,1634]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2-0.5 m</quantity>
in diam., young branches covered with dense fascicled-stellate pubescence.
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806EF489D6EFA76159E" box="[1334,1409,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, 15-25 ×
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806E9AA9D8EFBCA15BE" box="[980,1085,1674,1698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="21.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="20.0">20-23 cm</quantity>
, paripinnately compound, (4-)6-8- foliolate; leaflets ovate to elliptic, margin entire, petiolulate (
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806E93F9DCEFC6F15FE" box="[833,920,1738,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2-7 mm</quantity>
), sub-membranous, (5-)9-12(-16) × (2.5-)3-4(-5) cm, discolor, dark green and shiny above and pale green below; base attenuate; apex acuminate; margin entire.
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806EFF99C0EFC6A145E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary, racemose,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806EE139C2EFB40145E" box="[1133,1207,1834,1858]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 cm</quantity>
in length.
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD166806EF589C2EFA8B145E" box="[1318,1404,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="196">Flowers</emphasis>
small,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806E9469C4EFC79147E" box="[824,910,1866,1890]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
in diam., regular; sepals 5, valvate; petals absent; disc flattened, irregularly lobed,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806EEC39C6EFADA149E" box="[1213,1325,1898,1922]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2-2.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, stellate pubescent; stamens 8-10, c.
<quantity id="423D9B51CD166806EEC29C8EFB0D14BE" box="[1212,1274,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
in length, inserted into deep holes in the disc, filaments distinct; staminodia resembling short stamens; ovary 3-locular; style terminal,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD156805EA0F9EF0FF591510" box="[113,174,1524,1548]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in length, with stigmatic lines; ovule 1 per locule.
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805E8B89EF0FD0B1510" box="[710,764,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Fruit</emphasis>
indehiscent, pear-shaped berry, shortly apiculate, somehow asymmetrical, 3-3.5 ×
<quantity id="423D9B51CD156805EB059D33FE161553" box="[379,481,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2-2.5 cm</quantity>
, covered by stellate trichomes, 1-seeded by abortion, the seed surrounded by a fleshy, translucid arillode, and bearing a hilum scar the entire ventral length [adapted in part from
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD156805E86E9D9EFD3C15AE" author="CAPURON, R." box="[528,715,1690,1714]" firstAuthor="CAPURON" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. B, Bot." pageId="2" pageNumber="197" pagination="1 - 189" part="19" refId="ref2913" refString="CAPURON, R. (1969). Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. B, Bot. 19: 1 - 189." title="Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores" type="journal article" year="1969">CAPURON (1969)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD156805EA0F9DB8FEE515C8" author="SCHATZ, G. E." box="[113,274,1724,1748]" firstAuthor="SCHATZ" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint-Louis" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" refId="ref3449" refString="SCHATZ, G. E. (2001). Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint-Louis." title="Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar" type="book" year="2001">SCHATZ (2001)</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D1BA663CCD156805EA0F9E21FF2C164E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761951/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" startId="2.[113,136,1317,1337]" targetBox="[114,1489,276,1300]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD156805EA0F9E21FF2C164E" blockId="2.[113,1490,1316,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805EA0F9E21FF581625" bold="true" box="[113,175,1317,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Fig. 1. –</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showing the position of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD156805E8E39E21FC801624" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Capuron" box="[669,887,1316,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">Tsingya bemarana Capuron</taxonomicName>
in the “
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD156805E9C89E21FBD11625" box="[950,1062,1317,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Macphersonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macphersonia</taxonomicName>
group”. Bootstrap support values are displayed below the branches.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD156805EAE99DE0FC0415AE" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD156805EAE99DE0FC0415AE" blockId="2.[113,764,1764,1954]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1490,1458,1714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805EAE99DE0FE6315E0" box="[151,404,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Habitat and Ecology. –</emphasis>
The recent collection of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD156805E8D69DE0FF2A1401" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805E8D69DE0FF2A1401" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Tsingya bemarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
came from sample site B020 of the forest study at Beanka, which was characterized by forest cover of 100% on exposed eroded limestone rock, and by the presence of:
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD156805E8B69C4CFDAA149D" authority="Huynh" authorityName="Huynh" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flagellibracteatus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805E8B69C4CFE9B149D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Pandanus flagellibracteatus</emphasis>
Huynh
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805EBC19C6DFDAA149D" box="[447,605,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">(Pandanaceae)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD156805E8F19C6DFDE814BE" authority="Leandri" authorityName="Leandri" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Omphalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805E8F19C6DFF0F14BE" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Omphalea occidentalis</emphasis>
Leandri
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805EB1D9C8EFDE814BE" box="[355,543,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">(Euphorbiaceae)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, with closed canopy and low emerging tree cover (
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD156805EE899EB6FC8B16F7" author="RAKOTOZAFY, B. F. L. &amp; M. R. HANITRARIVO &amp; P. RANIRISON &amp; J. A. TAHINARIVONY &amp; R. EDMOND &amp; L. GAUTIER" editor="GOODMAN, S. M. &amp; L. GAUTIER &amp; M. J. RAHERILALAO" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="RAKOTOZAFY" journalOrPublisher="Malag. Nat." pageId="2" pageNumber="197" pagination="105 - 125" part="7" refId="ref3346" refString="RAKOTOZAFY, B. F. L., M. R. HANITRARIVO, P. RANIRISON, J. A. TAHINARIVONY, R. EDMOND &amp; L. GAUTIER. (2013). Structure et composition floristique de la foret sur facies karstique de Beanka, Region Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar. In: GOODMAN, S. M., L. GAUTIER &amp; M. J. RAHERILALAO (ed.), La foret de Beanka, Region Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar. Malag. Nat. 7: 105 - 125." title="Structure et composition floristique de la foret sur facies karstique de Beanka, Region Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="La foret de Beanka, Region Melaky, Ouest de Madagascar" year="2013">RAKOTOZAFY &amp; al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
). This forest type has an average canopy of
<quantity id="423D9B51CD156805EF2D9ED7FA6916F7" box="[1363,1438,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="12.5">12.5 m</quantity>
, and the tree collected formed part of the canopy. The species was listed by
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD156805E9D69D11FBAA1531" author="BOLLIGER, R." box="[936,1117,1557,1581]" firstAuthor="BOLLIGER" journalOrPublisher="Universite de Geneve" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" refId="ref2609" refString="BOLLIGER, R. (2014). Etude de la foret de Beanka, une formation karstique de l'ouest de Madagascar: Composition floristique et biogeographie. MSc. Universite de Geneve." title="Etude de la foret de Beanka, une formation karstique de l'ouest de Madagascar: Composition floristique et biogeographie. MSc" type="book" year="2014">BOLLIGER (2014)</bibRefCitation>
as one of the 58 species of Beanka that are apparently exclusive to limestone. It would seem to be restricted to the dry deciduous forests on eroded limestone (“tsingy”) of western Madagascar in the Bemaraha and Beanka regions (
<figureCitation id="1DFE2A31CD156805E9DB9D9EFC1415AE" box="[933,995,1690,1714]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,136,1215,1235]" captionTargetBox="[114,762,277,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-3318@4.[114,764,277,1193]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Detailed map of western Madagascar showing the distribution of Tsingya bemarana Capuron (herbarium collections: stars; observation: circle) in Bemaraha and Beanka, plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey) following HARPER &amp; al. (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761957/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD156803E9139DC7FD4A15A4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="2" pageNumber="197" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD156803E9139DC7FD4A15A4" blockId="2.[839,1490,1731,1954]" lastBlockId="4.[113,764,1344,1720]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD156805E9139DC7FBA615C7" box="[877,1105,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Conservation status. –</emphasis>
Despite an intensive botanical inventory in the Beanka region, only one tree was found, and the species has not been collected from Bemaraha since 1952. Nevertheless, the forest of Behandrao, South of Tsiandro on the eastern slopes of Bemaraha (
<figureCitation id="1DFE2A31CD156805EED39C4CFB1B147C" box="[1197,1260,1864,1888]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,136,1215,1235]" captionTargetBox="[114,762,277,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-3318@4.[114,764,277,1193]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Detailed map of western Madagascar showing the distribution of Tsingya bemarana Capuron (herbarium collections: stars; observation: circle) in Bemaraha and Beanka, plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey) following HARPER &amp; al. (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761957/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="197">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), where the type has been collected, is under protection and very few collections have been made in this region since the 1950’s. This is also true for the Ambodiriana valley within the protected area to the west of Antsalova (
<figureCitation id="1DFE2A31CD136803EB059E64FE4A1664" box="[379,445,1376,1400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[113,136,1215,1235]" captionTargetBox="[114,762,277,1192]" captionTargetId="figure-3318@4.[114,764,277,1193]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. – Detailed map of western Madagascar showing the distribution of Tsingya bemarana Capuron (herbarium collections: stars; observation: circle) in Bemaraha and Beanka, plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey) following HARPER &amp; al. (2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). With only two collections known and one reliable field observation (
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD136803E84E9E84FD3A1684" author="LEANDRI, J." box="[560,717,1408,1432]" firstAuthor="LEANDRI" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, ser. B, Biol. Veg." pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="87 - 107" part="5" refId="ref3306" refString="LEANDRI, J. (1954). Une mission botanique a Madagascar en 1952 - 1953. Mem. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, ser. B, Biol. Veg. 5: 87 - 107." title="Une mission botanique a Madagascar en 1952 - 1953" type="journal article" year="1954">LEANDRI, 1954</bibRefCitation>
), an “Extent of Occurrence” of
<quantity id="423D9B51CD136803EBEE9EA4FE1716A4" box="[400,480,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.37" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="437.0">437 km</quantity>
<superScript id="72B09BFCCD136803EB9E9E9BFE1F16B1" attach="left" box="[480,488,1439,1453]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">2</superScript>
, an “Area of Occupancy” (AOO) of
<quantity id="423D9B51CD136803EA9D9EC4FED016C4" box="[227,295,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="km" value="27.0">27 km</quantity>
<superScript id="72B09BFCCD136803EB599EBBFED816D1" attach="left" box="[295,303,1471,1485]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">2</superScript>
and three subpopulations (calculation following
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD136803EABB9EE4FE2916E4" author="CALLMANDER, M. W. &amp; G. E. SCHATZ &amp; P. P. LOWRY II &amp; M. O. LAIVAO &amp; J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA &amp; S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA &amp; T. RAMINOSOA &amp; T. CONSIGLIO" box="[197,478,1504,1528]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="CALLMANDER" journalOrPublisher="Oryx" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="168 - 176" part="41" refId="ref2832" refString="CALLMANDER, M. W., G. E. SCHATZ, P. P. LOWRY II, M. O. LAIVAO, J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T. RAMINOSOA &amp; T. CONSIGLIO (2007). Application of IUCN Red List criteria and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Madagascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in need of protection. Oryx 41: 168 - 176." title="Application of IUCN Red List criteria and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Madagascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in need of protection" type="journal article" year="2007">CALLMANDER &amp; al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
), within a fully Protected Area (Bemaraha) and a Protected Area that holds temporary protection (Beanka),
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EB2D9D24FDEF1524" box="[339,536,1568,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EB2D9D24FDEF1524" box="[339,536,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya bemarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” (VU D2) following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2012). Despite the fact that all known populations are currently under protection,
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E8D89D84FF2A15A4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E8D89D84FF2A15A4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya bemarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rare and known only from three locations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D1BA663CCD146804EA1C9C83FB221487" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761955" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761955" box="[98,1237,1927,1947]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761955/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" startId="3.[98,121,1927,1947]" targetBox="[97,1475,275,1910]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD146804EA1C9C83FB221487" blockId="3.[98,1237,1927,1947]" box="[98,1237,1927,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD146804EA1C9C83FF551487" bold="true" box="[98,162,1927,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="198">Fig. 2. –</emphasis>
Herbarium scan of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD146804EB439C83FDE01487" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Capuron" box="[317,535,1927,1947]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">Tsingya bemarana Capuron</taxonomicName>
collected by Hanitrarivo, Bolliger &amp; RakotozaFy 167 kept at G showing the pyriform fruit.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D1BA663CCD136803EA0F9FBBFD0B1619" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5761957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761957/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" startId="4.[113,136,1215,1235]" targetBox="[114,762,277,1192]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD136803EA0F9FBBFD0B1619" blockId="4.[113,764,1215,1285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EA0F9FBBFF4517CF" bold="true" box="[113,178,1215,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Fig. 3. –</emphasis>
Detailed map of western Madagascar showing the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E8BF9FBBFEF117F0" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Capuron" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bemarana">Tsingya bemarana Capuron</taxonomicName>
(herbarium collections: stars; observation: circle) in Bemaraha and Beanka, plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey) following
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD136803E81C9FF5FD011619" author="HARPER, G. J. &amp; M. K. STEININGER &amp; C. J. TUCKER &amp; D. JUHN &amp; F. HAWKINS" box="[610,758,1265,1285]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="HARPER" journalOrPublisher="Environ. Conserv." pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="325 - 333" part="34" refId="ref3226" refString="HARPER, G. J., M. K. STEININGER, C. J. TUCKER, D. JUHN &amp; F. HAWKINS (2007). Fifty years of deforestation and forest fragmentation in Madagascar. Environ. Conserv. 34: 325 - 333." title="Fifty years of deforestation and forest fragmentation in Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2007">HARPER &amp; al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD136803EAE99DCCFC7B11E6" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD136803EAE99DCCFC7B11E6" blockId="4.[113,764,1736,1952]" lastBlockId="4.[839,1490,276,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EAE99DCCFEB715FC" box="[151,320,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Observations. –</emphasis>
In
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD136803EB1D9DCCFDB715FC" author="CAPURON, R." box="[355,576,1736,1760]" firstAuthor="CAPURON" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. B, Bot." page="85" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="1 - 189" part="19" refId="ref2913" refString="CAPURON, R. (1969). Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. B, Bot. 19: 1 - 189." title="Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores" type="journal article" year="1969">CAPURON (1969: 85)</bibRefCitation>
’s flower identification key to the
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EB449DECFE22141C" box="[314,469,1768,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Schleichereae">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EB449DECFE22141C" box="[314,469,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Schleichereae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EB989DECFDCC141C" box="[486,571,1768,1792]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EB989DECFDCC141C" box="[486,571,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
keys out next to
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EA0F9C0CFED7143C" authority="Capuron" authorityName="Capuron" box="[113,288,1800,1824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Beguea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EA0F9C0CFF48143C" box="[113,191,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Beguea</emphasis>
Capuron
</taxonomicName>
based on the absence of corolla. While working on a revision of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EB3F9C2CFE78145C" box="[321,399,1832,1856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Beguea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EB3F9C2CFE78145C" box="[321,399,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Beguea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Madagascar, SCHATZ &amp; LOWRY (pers. comm.) have therefore hypothesized that
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E80A9C4CFD31147C" box="[628,710,1864,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E80A9C4CFD31147C" box="[628,710,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EB319C6CFE56149C" box="[335,417,1896,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Beguea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EB319C6CFE56149C" box="[335,417,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Beguea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD136803EBB39C6CFD46149C" author="CAPURON, R." box="[461,689,1896,1920]" firstAuthor="CAPURON" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. B, Bot." page="86" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="1 - 189" part="19" refId="ref2913" refString="CAPURON, R. (1969). Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., ser. B, Bot. 19: 1 - 189." title="Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores" type="journal article" year="1969">CAPURON (1969: 86)</bibRefCitation>
’s fruit identification key,
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EB3D9C8CFE6F14BC" box="[323,408,1928,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EB3D9C8CFE6F14BC" box="[323,408,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
keys out next to
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E8249C8CFD0B14BC" box="[602,764,1928,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Plagioscyphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E8249C8CFD0B14BC" box="[602,764,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Plagioscyphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the hilum scar that runs on the entire ventral length of its seed. The phylogenetic inference is in agreement with the hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EE639A52FB861272" box="[1053,1137,342,366]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EE639A52FB861272" box="[1053,1137,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in fact closely related to
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EFDC9A52FC4A1293" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Plagioscyphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EFDC9A52FC4A1293" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Plagioscyphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Madagascar (see above). The characters of the mature fruit of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E9929A9CFBC812AC" box="[1004,1087,408,432]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E9929A9CFBC812AC" box="[1004,1087,408,432]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recently discovered is in congruence with the phylogenetic evidence;
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EEDA9ABDFB0112CD" box="[1188,1270,441,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EEDA9ABDFB0112CD" box="[1188,1270,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E99D9ADEFBC112EE" box="[995,1078,474,498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Beguea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E99D9ADEFBC112EE" box="[995,1078,474,498]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Beguea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its pubescent pyriform fruits (vs. glabrous globular to ovoid) (
<figureCitation id="1DFE2A31CD136803EE0B9AFFFB45110F" box="[1141,1202,507,531]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,121,1927,1947]" captionTargetBox="[97,1475,275,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[341,1231,335,1849]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. – Herbarium scan of Tsingya bemarana Capuron collected by Hanitrarivo, Bolliger &amp; RakotozaFy 167 kept at G showing the pyriform fruit." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5761955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5761955/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EEB69AFFFAEE110F" box="[1224,1305,507,531]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EEB69AFFFAEE110F" box="[1224,1305,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EFDA9AFFFC361128" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Plagioscyphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EFDA9AFFFC361128" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Plagioscyphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the type of indument on its fruit (stellate trichomes in
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E9C89939FBF21149" box="[950,1029,573,597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E9C89939FBF21149" box="[950,1029,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. simple in
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EEEA9939FADD1149" box="[1172,1322,573,597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Plagioscyphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EEEA9939FADD1149" box="[1172,1322,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Plagioscyphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the corolla (absent vs. present). The monoecious breeding system of
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803E939997BFC6C118B" box="[839,923,639,663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Tsingya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E939997BFC6C118B" box="[839,923,639,663]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Tsingya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also unique in the “
<taxonomicName id="42C54D37CD136803EEEE997BFADD118B" box="[1168,1322,639,663]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Macphersonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Macphersonia</taxonomicName>
group” (all the other genera are dioecious or polygamous;
<bibRefCitation id="E1544B45CD136803EF7D99A4FA3F11A4" author="BUERKI, S. &amp; P. B. PHILLIPSON &amp; P. P. LOWRY II &amp; M. W. CALLMANDER" box="[1283,1480,672,696]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="BUERKI" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Bot." pageId="4" pageNumber="199" pagination="172 - 180" part="35" refId="ref2776" refString="BUERKI, S., P. B. PHILLIPSON, P. P. LOWRY II &amp; M. W. CALLMANDER (2010). Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evidence support recognition of Gereaua, a new endemic genus of Sapindaceae from Madagascar. Syst. Bot. 35: 172 - 180." title="Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evidence support recognition of Gereaua, a new endemic genus of Sapindaceae from Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2010">BUERKI &amp; al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and represents a good morphological synapomorphy for this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CDDF653FCD136803E913980EFA9710AB" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="857A36B4CD136803E913980EFA9710AB" blockId="4.[839,1489,778,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E913980EFBB31003" box="[877,1092,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Specimens examined. –</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="35AD3CE9CD136803EE37980EFC3E1066" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3416951302" collectingDate="1952-11-29" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Leandri &amp; Service Forestier" country="Madagascar" location="Bemaraha, foret de Behandrao" municipality="Mahajanga" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" specimenCode="P00076181, P00076182" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EE37980EFA791003" bold="true" box="[1097,1422,778,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<collectingCountry id="FDD27624CD136803EE37980EFB391002" box="[1097,1230,778,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. Prov.
<collectingMunicipality id="651EACCECD136803EF6C980EFA731003" box="[1298,1412,778,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Mahajanga</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="801A606FCD136803EFED980EFBCA1021" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB:801A606FCD136803EFED980EFBCA1021" country="Madagascar" municipality="Mahajanga" name="Bemaraha, foret de Behandrao" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Bemaraha, forêt de Behandrao</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="E0F15073CD136803EE2C982CFAB21021" box="[1106,1349,808,829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">18°49’37”S 44°52’25”E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date id="F17B1074CD136803EF24982CFA3C1021" box="[1370,1483,808,829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" value="1952-11-29">
<collectingDate id="E13FE99CCD136803EF24982CFA3C1021" box="[1370,1483,808,829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" value="1952-11-29">29.XI.1952</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803E9399843FBFA1040" box="[839,1037,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<collectorName id="28305362CD136803E9399843FC611040" box="[839,918,839,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Leandri</collectorName>
&amp; al. 1969
</emphasis>
(=
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EE479843FAD61040" box="[1081,1313,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<collectorName id="28305362CD136803EE479843FB101040" box="[1081,1255,839,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Service Forestier</collectorName>
6762
</emphasis>
) (
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EF459843FABF1040" box="[1339,1352,839,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD136803EF279843FA3D1040" box="[1369,1482,839,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P00076181</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD136803E9399861FC4F1066" box="[839,952,869,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P00076182</specimenCode>
])
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="35AD3CE9CD136803E9A09861FA9710AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3416951302" collectingDate="2012-02-10" collectionCode="G, K, L, MO, P, TEF" collectorName="Hanitrarivo &amp; Bolliger &amp; Rakotozafy" country="Madagascar" elevation="222" location="Beanka, Partie N, bord de la riviere Bokarano" municipality="Mahajanga" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" specimenCode="G00376555" specimenCount="1">
<location id="801A606FCD136803E9A09861FA3C1066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D6C87A2CD166803E9469E3FFA9710AB:801A606FCD136803E9A09861FA3C1066" box="[990,1483,869,890]" municipality="Beanka" name="Beanka, Partie N, bord de la riviere Bokarano" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Beanka, Partie N, bord de la rivière Bokarano</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E0F15073CD136803E9399887FBDC1084" box="[839,1067,899,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">17°54’36”S 44°28’46”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="423D9B51CD136803EE499887FB851084" box="[1079,1138,899,920]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="222.0">
<elevation id="0EE8D187CD136803EE499887FB851084" box="[1079,1138,899,920]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" unit="m" value="222.0">222 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="F17B1074CD136803EE009887FB281084" box="[1150,1247,899,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" value="2012-02-10">
<collectingDate id="E13FE99CCD136803EE009887FB281084" box="[1150,1247,899,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199" value="2012-02-10">10.II.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr.,
<emphasis id="B7B1EAA6CD136803EF779887FC0310AB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">
<collectorName id="28305362CD136803EF779887FA8E1084" box="[1289,1401,899,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Hanitrarivo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="28305362CD136803EFFA9887FA261084" box="[1412,1489,899,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Bolliger</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="28305362CD136803E91E98A6FC3C10AB" box="[864,971,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">Rakotozafy</collectorName>
167
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EE7C98A6FBE410AB" box="[1026,1043,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">G</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="D5639ECFCD136803EE5C98A6FB6410AB" box="[1058,1171,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">G00376555</specimenCode>
],
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EED998A6FB4F10AB" box="[1191,1208,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">K</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EEBA98A6FB2410AB" box="[1220,1235,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">L</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EEA198A6FAF110AB" box="[1247,1286,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">MO</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EF6F98A6FAEC10AB" box="[1297,1307,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">P</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E3D4AE71CD136803EF5998A6FAA510AB" box="[1319,1362,930,951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="199">TEF</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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