treatments-xml/data/0D/34/38/0D3438964C73479E049718101A7F9E1C.xml
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<mods:title id="7F710ED7ACF77DBEDC8183C2B4124187">The first revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae in Laos, with description of three new species (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Streptaxidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4EEE9B59DC5DC4463C7735C0E4C2EE55">Inkhavilay, Khamla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA05637B5B48D34D48A380A7657CFE5A">Siriboon, Thanit</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0D3438964C73479E049718101A7F9E1C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127892671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D3438964C73479E049718101A7F9E1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D3438964C73479E049718101A7F9E1C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="D8E223BE870E10C7E7F95AFE493E2C7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="ECDC35A9522AAABBE1637C2224E921DD" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Streptaxidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="630C9E319DECC864BC67AE539A08F065" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9BE5805908758DB7101FAB6336832E82" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="686E82FE5E53ED0802CDEBC486AFFEE5" ID-CoL="7P4SD" authority="Moellendorff, 1906" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1906" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
Haploptychius
<normalizedToken id="CFC522DA3A25E45743C55382ED9DC2E6" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1906
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1D33A57BFBE996C7E644A7147D4D6FAE" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4025875CA216D2AF489AEF13609D3AAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="EFEC38BC3BFADB89007E725022B0516C" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="1E0D29DDD03B2DAC06825A7DC3696FCE" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
in
<bibRefCitation id="3C03AC69D8C25DFB89DE9A0A4C80B16D" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 96" title="Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae." volume="1" year="1905 - 1906">Kobelt 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 127.
<bibRefCitation id="BE93CD30A82981641990FBEB9F1C692D" author="Zilch, A" editor="Schinderwolf, OH" journalOrPublisher="Gebrueder Borntraeger, Berlin" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="401 - 834" title="Gastropoda, Euthyneura." volumeTitle="Handbuch der Palaeozoologie" year="1960">Zilch 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 562.
<bibRefCitation id="CAC871B7A507FC2BE8FDC7BA67A8F24D" author="Richardson, L" journalOrPublisher="Tryonia" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 326" title="Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae." volume="16" year="1988">Richardson 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 211.
<bibRefCitation id="A1091B45DCE1EDE58DB166450365DE3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Schileyko 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 796, 797.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CED9B65D4F486F26C60C00E6BF3DCB99" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="55B73B13C24D35EF1F992EE0694E9E55" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Odontartemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odontartemon (Haploptychius)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Haploptychius">Odontartemon (Haploptychius)</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="A91A54A5B3552DFFE774C142BB5F0D58" author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" title="Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde." year="1929 - 1935">Thiele 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 730.
<bibRefCitation id="3A5F78D9C0936AA4FE31508BC34E19FF" author="Forcart, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" title="Indoartemon subgen. nov. for Odonartemon Kobelt, 1905 (non Pfeiffer, 1856); Streptaxidae." volume="22" year="1946">Forcart 1946</bibRefCitation>
: 215.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26664C23E3B7DB7848C386F9412CFD7B" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="C0222AC296A582450A606BD7264A5FA2" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana (Haploptychius)" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Haploptychius">Oophana (Haploptychius)</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="7E7D8B9F7C0511AD9D354346B4B5AF01" author="Benthem Jutting, WSS van" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Raffles Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="44" pagination="71 - 106" title="The Malayan Streptaxidae of the genera Discartemon and Oophana." volume="25" year="1954">Benthem Jutting 1954</bibRefCitation>
: 76, 95.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C11C3917DE9B75A9115CB08DC9898DE5" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="type species">
<paragraph id="1947773C64CDE697ABAF953FEC66F42F" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06DD894593BA93E383A706DCD6E29961" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="217DA6CFD7145A7BF0645AA989AFC182" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis sinensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sinensis">Streptaxis sinensis</taxonomicName>
Gould, 1859, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="437ADB36126D58DD7DEED2E490274FA3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="93AFB2D5A69A2A54B32878BDDFDC4DCB" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA540263FD33F4AA989A988049CF1FA0" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
Shell depressed to very distorted, mostly white-hyaline or transparent. Shell surface smooth and glossy or with fine radial ridges. Embryonic shell smooth; following whorls increasing regularly; penultimate whorls slightly to strongly extended beyond body whorl. Last whorl rounded and more or less deviated from the vertical axis. Umbilicus narrowly open and deep. Aperture sub-circular to semi-ovate. Peristome expanded and reflected. Apertural dentition always consisting of a single parietal lamella.
<bibRefCitation id="B8977B709AFDD6EA99D181C79C9274B3" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Schileyko (2000)</bibRefCitation>
includes species with a
<normalizedToken id="3EE5722006531553637A695CADA5B2EB" originalValue="“smooth”">&quot;smooth&quot;</normalizedToken>
parietal wall, i.e. without a lamella in
<taxonomicName id="79A9022673672D62CA1352E8531BEFFD" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
, but whether such taxa belong in this genus requires further investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06F7BDDD8163196799DAFF0CBFB9FC8A" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">Live specimens exhibit a semi-transparent bright yellow body, sometimes with brownish spots; skin reticulated. Upper tentacles yellow to orange, long, with black eye-spot on tip; lower tentacles short. Brownish digestive gland and black kidney may be visible through transparent shell. Foot narrow, undivided and with short tail.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A4CB18BC991951C990150338969F5AAD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="25">
Genitalia with long and slender penis; penial sheath long, about a half to whole length of penis. Internal wall of penis with numerous long and slender penial hooks in
<pageBreakToken id="D0E5E90D8FE9330F8F85F92F8AD2A89F" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" start="start">longitudinal</pageBreakToken>
arrangement. Vas deferens passes under penial sheath before connecting apically to penis. Vagina and free oviduct short. Seminal vesicle present, convoluted and short. Vaginal hooks not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9488FE9EBF20AACBCBD08C9EB3E0B9CF" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C3D197FBB74C18DB4E8B46C665704C99" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D10F99968CEE9C74DD9152358490E27A" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
Currently, the genus
<taxonomicName id="6B562546EF98F2B75F0AD54C01EC4853" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
consists of about 40 nominal species distributed from India to Indochina, south of China and Greater Sunda Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="60DAEC819DBEFC2C23952E1F5C53DAA0" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 96" title="Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae." volume="1" year="1905 - 1906">Kobelt 1906</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DDE3BAC2565CCCE79C9CAE2A4A60C95E" author="Zilch, A" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="79 - 120" title="Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae." volume="90" year="1961">Zilch 1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C71559CDFDBCB3A17BFD1F597FD43DC3" author="Richardson, L" journalOrPublisher="Tryonia" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 326" title="Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae." volume="16" year="1988">Richardson 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8BC2D85EB1C5038C937AEE347C77DA7F" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Schileyko 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Fifteen species were reported from Indochina, of which only three species:
<taxonomicName id="529BCE74E9CA2E939519D9AD492888EE" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius pellucens" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pellucens">Haploptychius pellucens</taxonomicName>
(Pfeiffer, 1863),
<taxonomicName id="BD5B098359032946AAE30B786B43BAEA" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius porrectus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="porrectus">Haploptychius porrectus</taxonomicName>
(Pfeiffer, 1863) and
<taxonomicName id="8E088F5E4433DA29A017ABDE0D30BF4E" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius fischeri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fischeri">Haploptychius fischeri</taxonomicName>
(Morlet, 1887) were recorded from Laos (see
<bibRefCitation id="1B428A741E3114BE0F041A17B9429C44" author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="201 - 275" title="A synopsis of the genus Streptaxis and its allies." volume="5" year="1903">Gude 1903</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AC5A17C7248617E0BE2B8E79A2B2C14C" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz" pageId="22" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 96" title="Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae." volume="1" year="1905 - 1906">Kobelt 1906</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8BD9EDC12AE18446A2AF2BEAFA5794B6" author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica" pageId="23" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 68" title="Check-list of land pulmonate molluscs of Vietnam (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)." volume="21" year="2011">Schileyko 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D01E841E6E6AD81874416C2AFCBB9D38" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
General shell morphology of
<taxonomicName id="FB7676BFFB138AD99D1AD84BEBB182F5" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
is quite similar to
<taxonomicName id="A406E6C06A2EDD7E314CEB88AABD45D9" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Oophana</taxonomicName>
Ancey, 1884 and
<taxonomicName id="DEC78B3DC196B21AC6692E2549D90F96" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Indoartemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoartemon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indoartemon</taxonomicName>
Forcast, 1946. However, it differs in having only a parietal lamella; while
<taxonomicName id="1854B9EBA357A331A2F98A32A63846B1" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Oophana</taxonomicName>
usually has parietal, palatal, columellar and basal lamellae, and
<taxonomicName id="91AF61DB91CEF89D0535E5A77AD76BFB" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Indoartemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoartemon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indoartemon</taxonomicName>
always has parietal and basal lamellae. In addition, the genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="6E47318F9453D547285431BF305B858F" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
have a penial sheath extends about a half to entire the penis length, vas deferens passes through penial sheath, and long slender penial hooks. In
<taxonomicName id="8F07D21778E2C9E3B6CB2F4EEA048EC5" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Oophana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oophana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Oophana</taxonomicName>
, the vas deferens enter the penial sheath apically with very short vagina (
<bibRefCitation id="BA5DB72C32CA4CAA29A4681F4F946D33" author="Berry, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="21" pageNumber="44" pagination="139 - 150" title="The anatomy of two Malayan limestone hill Streptaxidae, Sinoenneakanchingensis Tomlin and Oophanadiaphanopepla van Benthem Jutting with special reference to the genital system." volume="35" year="1963">Berry 1963</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EE8FE2A0E1601002F47CDD6512DCC143" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Schileyko 2000</bibRefCitation>
); and
<taxonomicName id="91470443D64E961394BEDD4D9435EAA2" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Indoartemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indoartemon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indoartemon</taxonomicName>
, the vas deferens attached (not pass through) the penial sheath, with small and short penial hooks (
<bibRefCitation id="D15806B1B159628D6019EA9B3A6C3409" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="41 - 57" title="Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.287.4572" volume="287" year="2013">Siriboon et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8CFF3BE24B981CE8CC273BE6A429037" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="63C8C4BF012019396E26DED214F95D8B" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Carinartemis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carinartemis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Carinartemis</taxonomicName>
Siriboon &amp; Panha, 2013 resembles
<taxonomicName id="B97721C2C4D1D7A52F09C91604C86B6B" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
in having only a parietal lamella. However, it differs from
<taxonomicName id="F400173C2D3AE28620E6FB44F3D9600A" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
in its very sharp peripheral keel and having the last whorl more deviated from the vertical axis. In addition, the genitalia has thick or thin penial sheath, penial hook short and stout, and vaginal hooks present (
<bibRefCitation id="5BB982F12974FB6F3D2FC14B8D29CEDF" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="161 - 174" title="Revision of the carnivorous snail genus Indoartemon Forcart, 1946 and a new genus Carinartemis from Thailand (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)." volume="62" year="2014 b">Siriboon et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9EF7DA3D4DB90E9C2411F67F4812011C" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
The relatively large, distorted heliciform shell and dentition restricted to a parietal lamella clearly differentiate
<taxonomicName id="A2C50A00908F1B90D2E7CD84319C7474" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Haploptychius</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="751B91026839136B4DF1DA0FA9EA535A" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Discartemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discartemon" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Discartemon</taxonomicName>
Pfeiffer, 1856 and
<taxonomicName id="D58EC91EC8698F926B58FF2B1583D62B" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Perrottetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perrottetia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Perrottetia</taxonomicName>
Kobelt, 1905 (
<bibRefCitation id="C7DA522ADC0A025F5A9A3E909681767E" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Schileyko 2000</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0CA31ACF4CC1CAD2080861CF6F27C678" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="41 - 57" title="Three new species of the carnivorous snail genus Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 from Thailand (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.287.4572" volume="287" year="2013">Siriboon et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C7AEF1BD7EA3F2AE4BF1C3CB3A8A68E1" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="45 - 107" title="Revision of the carnivorous snail genus Discartemon Pfeiffer, 1856, with description of twelve new species (Pulmonata, Streptaxidae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.401.7075" volume="401" year="2014 a">2014a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9377EC2AE97AAB9F76D5CCE0FA8544A9" author="Siriboon, T" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="47" pagination="161 - 174" title="Revision of the carnivorous snail genus Indoartemon Forcart, 1946 and a new genus Carinartemis from Thailand (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)." volume="62" year="2014 b">b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>