391 lines
54 KiB
XML
391 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="22A5D76200E86A6B5D82D620978B1322">Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F44EFEB77F46FDE4952B8A3EE15D8036">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4A6063583BB71CD6E48A0D60637628BE">Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11 / A, 43124 Parma, Italy. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (DBGES), University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8546ED66018BD8833DE307731B3885A" type="email">enrico.schifani@unipr.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B9431F50406C5B6F2A2199E01BB46222">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CD35D5D00F337AE3B3C006385BB6B43" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A7D0721826CF2E48CD1CCFAAEF277AFE">Alicata, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C38B2D94DAF8DC5FF60C9F1C5B5E6C8" type="email">antonioalicata@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3EFC0E1985E08ADAA10BCC20BEA84BFD">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="40ACC9ECA15C737F6C8C4E78C7E347BC">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0C5187D9873DF157FDE59FCFFAEC0E5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6983095" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198973165" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6983095" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C5187D9873DF157FDE59FCFFAEC0E5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C5187D9873DF157FDE59FCFFAEC0E5D" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection id="CCE26544873DF153FDE59FCFFBF40FDA" box="[526,1061,1764,1791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="844736CF873DF153FDE59FCFFBF40FDA" blockId="9.[526,1061,1764,1823]" box="[526,1061,1764,1791]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="DF0F81A3873DF153FDE59FCFFBF40FDA" box="[526,1061,1764,1791]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C873DF153FDE59FCFFBF40FDA" authority="(Baroni Urbani, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[526,1061,1764,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873DF153FDE59FCFFCC80FDB" bold="true" box="[526,793,1764,1791]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Temnothorax lagrecai</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E873DF153FCC39FCFFBCC0FDA" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[808,1053,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref16668" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1964. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. 2. Formiche di Sicilia. Atti della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 16: 25 - 66." type="journal article" year="1964">Baroni Urbani, 1964</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCE26544873DF153FD339E2EFD670EC3" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" type="description">
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<paragraph id="844736CF873DF153FD339E2EFC8A0E3B" blockId="9.[526,1061,1764,1823]" box="[728,859,1797,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
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<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873DF153FD339E2EFC8A0E3B" box="[728,859,1797,1823]" captionStart-0="Figs 16–18" captionStart-1="Figs 19–33" captionStartId-0="7.[189,242,1888,1914]" captionStartId-1="12.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1398,1190,1849]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,542,1708]" captionTargetId-0="figure-323@7.[189,1398,1190,1849]" captionTargetId-1="figure-75@12.[189,1398,541,1708]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Figs 16–18. Morphometric characters recorded from workers of Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 in this study. The background image is a paratype worker of T. lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) from the Natural History Museum of Vienna, photos by Anna Pal available from www.antweb.org, specimen identifier CASENT0919741. 16. Head view. 17. Lateral profile view. 18. Dorsal view of the mesosoma." captionText-1="Figs 19–33. Specimens of Temnothorax lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 19– 21. Worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041536), photo by Enrico Schifani. 22–24. Paratype worker from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041537), photo by Elia Nalini. 25–27. Worker from Bosco di Linera (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041538), photo by Enrico Schifani. 28–30. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041539), photo by Enrico Schifani. 31–33. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041540), photo by Enrico Schifani. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981164" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981166" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6981164/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6981166/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Figs 16–33</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873DF153FF569E16FDB50E73" blockId="9.[189,612,1853,1879]" box="[189,612,1853,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="DF0F81A3873DF153FF569E16FDB50E73" bold="true" box="[189,612,1853,1879]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="152" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873DF153FF569E16FDB50E73" bold="true" box="[189,612,1853,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">Diagnostic character combination</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873DF153FF569E42FD670EC3" blockId="9.[189,1400,1897,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="152">
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Antennal clubs concolorous yellowish, antennae 12-segmented in females and
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males, eyes normal, metanotal groove very weak or absent, worker propodeal spines long, male propodeal spines dentiform, petiole upper profile usually with a short horizontal component, subpetiolar process toothlike, sculpturing mostly areolate and weak.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCE26544873EF150FF569822FAA60875" box="[189,1399,265,338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569822FE950807" blockId="10.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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<heading id="DF0F81A3873EF150FF569822FE950807" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873EF150FF569822FE950807" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF56981CFAA60875" blockId="10.[189,1399,311,338]" box="[189,1399,311,338]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E873EF150FF56981CFE690875" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[189,440,311,337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref16668" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1964. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. 2. Formiche di Sicilia. Atti della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 16: 25 - 66." type="journal article" year="1964">Baroni Urbani (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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dedicated this species to the Italian entomologist Marcello La Greca (1914–2001).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCE26544873EF150FF569853FEFA0B6A" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569853FE7B08B6" blockId="10.[189,426,376,402]" box="[189,426,376,402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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<heading id="DF0F81A3873EF150FF569853FE7B08B6" bold="true" box="[189,426,376,402]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873EF150FF569853FE7B08B6" bold="true" box="[189,426,376,402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569883FEFA0B6A" blockId="10.[189,1398,423,590]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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<materialsCitation id="34903C92873EF150FF569883FEFA0B6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755301" collectionCode="MSNV, NHMW, MSNM" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="222" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="2" specimenCount-queens="212" typeStatus="holotype">
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We investigated 56 colony samples from 23 localities, consisting in a total of
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<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873EF150FBAF988CFB4608E2" box="[1092,1175,423,454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="queens">212 ☿☿</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873EF150FB4D988CFB3908E6" box="[1190,1256,423,450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873EF150FB1E988CFAE608E6" box="[1269,1335,423,450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
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from our collections, one colony under rearing in our possession,
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<typeStatus id="5B43886D873EF150FC9498E1FC3708C0" box="[895,998,458,484]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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queen and paratype workers from the
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<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873EF150FF0198C5FEEF0B2C" box="[234,318,494,520]" collectionName="Italy, Verona, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vmav-1g60" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">MSNV</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873EF150FE9198C5FE0B0B2C" box="[378,474,494,520]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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collections, and additional non-type workers from the personal collections of David Misfud and Stephen Schembri and from the
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<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873EF150FCE69B3AFCBA0B0F" box="[781,875,529,555]" collectionName="Italy, Milano, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">MSNM</collectionCode>
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. A detailed list is provided in the Supp. file 1: Table S1.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCE26544873EF151FF569B5EFE8C0EB6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="description">
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<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569B5EFEBA0BAB" blockId="10.[189,363,629,655]" box="[189,363,629,655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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<heading id="DF0F81A3873EF150FF569B5EFEBA0BAB" bold="true" box="[189,363,629,655]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873EF150FF569B5EFEBA0BAB" bold="true" box="[189,363,629,655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Redescription</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF019B8FFE380B9A" blockId="10.[189,1399,676,984]" box="[234,489,676,702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873EF150FF019B8FFE9A0B9A" bold="true" box="[234,331,676,702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Worker</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873EF150FEB69B8FFE300B9A" box="[349,481,676,702]" captionStart="Figs 19–33" captionStartId="12.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,542,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-75@12.[189,1398,541,1708]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 19–33. Specimens of Temnothorax lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 19– 21. Worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041536), photo by Enrico Schifani. 22–24. Paratype worker from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041537), photo by Elia Nalini. 25–27. Worker from Bosco di Linera (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041538), photo by Enrico Schifani. 28–30. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041539), photo by Enrico Schifani. 31–33. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041540), photo by Enrico Schifani. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981166/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Figs 19–27</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569BE3FE0B0AF3" blockId="10.[189,1399,676,984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
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MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
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<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873EF150FDFD9BECFD6C0BC5" box="[534,701,711,737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 6 localities, 6 colonies). CL: 547.15 ± 33.51 (488–592); CW: 447.54 ± 31.37 (401–495); CS: 497.35 ± 31.84 (444–543); PoOC: 231.69 ± 14.9 (212–257); SL: 387.77 ± 24.95 (352–435); ML: 603.15 ± 57.6 (527–709); MW: 295.92 ± 26.65 (260–347); EL: 116.85 ± 16.1 (100–153); EW: 87.92 ± 11.19 (78–112); EYE: 102.38 ± 13.28 (89–132); SPST: 147.6 ± 17.97 (120–175); CL/CW: 1.22 ± 0.03 (1.18–1.29); PoOC/CL: 0.42 ± 0.01 (0.40–0.45); SL/CL: 0.71 ± 0.01 (0.68–0.73); ML/CS: 1.21 ± 0.05 (1.15–1.33); MW/CS: 0.59 ± 0.02 (0.56–0.65); EL/CS: 0.23 ± 0.02 (0.20–0.29); EW/CS: 0.18 ± 0.02 (0.15–0.21); EYE/CS: 0.20 ± 0.01 (0.18–0.25); SPST/CS: 0.30 ± 0.02 (0.27–0.32).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569AD4FD8E0D19" blockId="10.[189,1398,1023,1085]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">COLORATION. Entirely yellowish with the exception of a variably large and often not clearly demarcated black transverse band on the gaster.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569D4FFB880DE0" blockId="10.[189,1399,1123,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">HEAD. Subrectangular with rounded margins near the four angles, clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 12 segments, antennal clubs of 3 segments, antennal scapes relatively short (SL/CL: 0.71 ± 0.01). Compound eyes relatively small, ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.20 ± 0.01).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569DC7FB440C68" blockId="10.[189,1399,1259,1356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">MESOSOMA. May present a slight metanotal depression, its dorsal profile being from almost straight to definitely rounded in lateral view. Propodeal spines are relatively long (SPST/CS: 0.30 ± 0.02), usually proportionally thin in minor worker but sometimes considerably thick in large ones.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569C5FFC840CF7" blockId="10.[189,1399,1395,1491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">METASOMA. The petiole in profile view usually presents a short but visible horizontal section.A subpetiolar process is normally visible, consisting of a small tooth angled down at up to 90°. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in lateral profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569CD0FBD00FE1" blockId="10.[189,1399,1531,1733]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Most of the body is characterized by a very fine areolate-rugose sculpture, the longitudinal component of which tends to be notably more marked on the frontal side of the head only in larger specimens. The gaster and appendages are smooth, as well as the clypeus and a variable area extending around the frons. A central longitudinal stria visible in the lower portion of the clypeus. Very sparse, occasionally suberect but usually erect setae all over the body; dense, fine, and mostly adpressed pilosity on all appendages, especially abundant on the antennal flagelli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF019FC7FE0B0E23" blockId="10.[189,1399,1772,1975]" box="[234,474,1772,1799]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873EF150FF019FC7FEEA0E22" bold="true" box="[234,315,1772,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Queen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873EF150FEA09FC7FE030E23" box="[331,466,1772,1799]" captionStart="Figs 19–33" captionStartId="12.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,542,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-75@12.[189,1398,541,1708]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 19–33. Specimens of Temnothorax lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 19– 21. Worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041536), photo by Enrico Schifani. 22–24. Paratype worker from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041537), photo by Elia Nalini. 25–27. Worker from Bosco di Linera (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041538), photo by Enrico Schifani. 28–30. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041539), photo by Enrico Schifani. 31–33. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041540), photo by Enrico Schifani. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981166/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">Figs 28–30</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873EF150FF569E3BFEED0E93" blockId="10.[189,1399,1772,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873EF150FDFC9E3BFD7E0E0D" box="[535,687,1807,1834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="153" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 localities). CL: 649–627; CW: 531–548; CS: 579–598; PoOC: 239–256; SL: 457–469; ML: 932–989; MW: 585–585; EL: 190–195; EW: 157–161; EYE: 173–178; SPST: 216–237; CL/CW: 1.08–1.08; PoOC: 0.37–0.41; SL/CL: 0.72–0.73; ML/CS: 1.65– 1.61; MW/CS: 0.97–1.00; EL/CS: 0.32–0.33; EW/CS: 0.27–0.27; EYE/CS: 0.30–0.30; SPST/CS: 0.37–0.39.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569822FA9C0862" blockId="11.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">COLORATION. Entirely yellowish with the main exception of parts of the gaster: at least the first tergite characterized by a blackish transverse band. Moreover, the mesoscutellar disk is darkened caudally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569845FBC508EA" blockId="11.[189,1399,366,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">HEAD. Subrectangular, with rounded margins near the four angles, clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 12 segments, antennal clubs of 3 segments, antennal scapes relatively short (SL/CL: 0.72– 0.73). Compound eyes large and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.30); ocelli circular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF5698DDFC080B34" blockId="11.[189,985,501,528]" box="[189,985,501,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">MESOSOMA. Propodeal spines relatively long (SPST/CS: 0.37–0.39).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569B1CFF2D0BB3" blockId="11.[189,1399,567,663]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">METASOMA. Dorsum of petiole in profile view without a horizontal section. Subpetiolar process usually visible, consisting of a small tooth. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569B94FD110AAD" blockId="11.[188,1399,703,905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Most of the body is characterized by a variably fine areolate-rugose sculpture, strong longitudinal rugae on the head. Clypeus. gaster and appendages smooth; a variable area extending around the frons, most of the pronotum, anepisterna, katepisterna, mesoscutellar disk and mesoscutum. A central longitudinal stria visible in the lower portion of the clypeus. Very sparse, occasionally suberect but usually erect setae all over the body; dense, fine, and mostly adpressed pilosity on all appendages, especially abundant on the antennal flagelli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF019A9BFE190AEE" blockId="11.[189,1399,944,1217]" box="[234,456,944,970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873FF151FF019A9BFEFB0AEE" bold="true" box="[234,298,944,970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873FF151FED29A9BFE110AEE" box="[313,448,944,970]" captionStart="Figs 19–33" captionStartId="12.[189,242,1746,1772]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,542,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-75@12.[189,1398,541,1708]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 19–33. Specimens of Temnothorax lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 19– 21. Worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041536), photo by Enrico Schifani. 22–24. Paratype worker from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041537), photo by Elia Nalini. 25–27. Worker from Bosco di Linera (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041538), photo by Enrico Schifani. 28–30. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041539), photo by Enrico Schifani. 31–33. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041540), photo by Enrico Schifani. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981166/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Figs 31–33</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569AFFFAC60DE5" blockId="11.[189,1399,944,1217]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873FF151FDE69AF8FD700AC9" box="[525,673,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 localities). CL: 443 ± 13.11 (429–445); CW: 405.67 ± 3.51 (402–409); CS: 424.33 ± 7.84 (415–430); PoOC: 189.67 ± 2.51 (187–192); SL: 203 ± 4 (199–207); ML: 836.67 ± 5.13 (832–841); MW: 498.67 ± 3.78 (496–503); EL: 186.67 ± 6.03 (181–193); EW: 165.67 ± 3.78 (163–170); EYE: 176.16 ± 3.62 (172–178); SPST: 126.33 ± 4.51 (122–131); CL/CW: 1.04 ± 0.01 (1.03–0.06); PoOC/CS: 0.43 ± 0.01 (0.42–0.43); SL/CL: 0.45 ± 0.01 (0.45–0.46); ML/CS: 1.97 ± 0.04 (1.93–2.01); MW/CS: 1.17 ± 0.03 (1.15–1.21); EL/CS: 0.44 ± 0.01 (0.42–0.45); EW/CS: 0.39 ± 0.02 (0.38–0.41); EYE/CS: 0.41 ± 0.01 (0.40–.043); SPST/CS: 0.30 ± 0.02 (0.28–0.31).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569DC3FDAD0C01" blockId="11.[189,1398,1256,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">COLORATION. Whole body yellowish, head slightly darker, appendages whitish, gaster dark and mesoscutellar disk caudally darkened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569C66FEB70C89" blockId="11.[189,1398,1357,1453]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">HEAD. Subrectangular, rounded especially above the eyes; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 13 segments, antennal clubs of 4 segments. Compound eyes large and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.41 ± 0.01); ocelli circular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569CFEFB140CCB" blockId="11.[189,1221,1492,1519]" box="[189,1221,1492,1519]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">MESOSOMA. Propodeum armed with very short and thick spines (SPST/CS: 0.30 ± 0.02).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569F3DFB440F14" blockId="11.[189,1173,1558,1584]" box="[189,1173,1558,1584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">METASOMA. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569F7CFE9F0FDA" blockId="11.[188,1401,1623,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Sculpture relatively strong on the head, with well-developed longitudinal striae on its frontal side, very light all over the propodeum, petiole, postpetiole and in some areas near the mesosoma lateral sutures, all the remaining parts smooth. A central longitudinal stria visible in the lower portion of the clypeus. Sparse, erect setae all over the body; fine and mostly adpressed pilosity over the appendages.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569E0DFE7C0E64" blockId="11.[189,429,1829,1856]" box="[189,429,1829,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873FF151FF569E0DFEEE0E64" bold="true" box="[189,319,1830,1856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Phylogeny</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873FF151FEA49E0EFE740E64" box="[335,421,1829,1856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1886,1912]" captionTargetBox="[190,1391,601,1836]" captionTargetId="graphics-79@25.[190,1312,604,1837]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 79. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred with IQTREE ver. 2.1.2. The major clades found in Prebus (2017) are highlighted, and the focal species of the current study (all within the ‘Palearctic clade IV’) are evidenced as in Figs 75–78. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support for all nodes are 100, except where indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981182/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873FF151FF569E7FFE8C0EB6" blockId="11.[189,1399,1876,1938]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">
|
||
Sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C873FF151FE679E7EFC940E4A" authority="Alicata, Schifani & Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[396,837,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873FF151FE679E7EFE260E4A" box="[396,503,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">T. marae</emphasis>
|
||
Alicata, Schifani & Prebus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A6873FF151FCA49E7EFC7E0E4B" box="[847,943,1877,1903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which together are closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C873FF151FF569E53FE870EB5" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[189,342,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873FF151FF569E53FE870EB5" box="[189,342,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="154">T. flavicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE265448738F156FF569822FED8089F" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8738F156FF569822FD0C0807" blockId="12.[189,733,265,291]" box="[189,733,265,291]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FF569822FDEE0807" bold="true" box="[189,575,265,291]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Distribution and biogeography</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8738F156FDA49822FD040807" box="[591,725,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 80–81" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 80–81. Geographic distribution of the four taxa treated in this study. Note that the shallow water area (light grey) between Sicily and the Maltese Islands roughly corresponded to a land bridge during glaciations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981184/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Figs 80–81</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8738F156FF569813FED8089F" blockId="12.[188,1399,311,443]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">
|
||
Occurs almost all over
|
||
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8738F156FE21981CFDDF0875" box="[458,526,311,337]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
and is also found in the Maltese Islands. In the past,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8738F156FB98981CFB660875" box="[1139,1207,311,337]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the Maltese Islands have been connected via an extensive land bridge covering a large area of currently shallow waters, and the last time such a connection existed was during the Last Glacial Maximum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8738F156FB349855FF2C089F" author="Foglini F. & Prampolini M. & Micallef A. & Angeletti L. & Vandelli V. & Deidun A. & Soldati M. & Taviani M." pageId="12" pageNumber="155" pagination="77 - 95" refId="ref17653" refString="Foglini F., Prampolini M., Micallef A., Angeletti L., Vandelli V., Deidun A., Soldati M. & Taviani M. 2016. Late Quaternary coastal landscape morphology and evolution of the Maltese Islands (Mediterranean Sea) reconstructed from high-resolution seafloor data. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 411: 77 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 411.12" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Foglini
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FAD79854FAA708BC" box="[1340,1398,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D08766478738F156FF569FF9FB6C0EC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981166/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" startId="12.[189,242,1746,1772]" targetBox="[189,1398,542,1708]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8738F156FF569FF9FB6C0EC7" blockId="12.[189,1399,1746,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FF569FF9FE9B0FC8" bold="true" box="[189,330,1746,1772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Figs 19–33.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8738F156FE139FF9FBDB0FC8" authority="(Baroni Urbani, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[504,1034,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FE139FF9FD2D0FC8" box="[504,764,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">Temnothorax lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8738F156FCE09FF9FBD30FC8" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[779,1026,1746,1772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref16668" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1964. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. 2. Formiche di Sicilia. Atti della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 16: 25 - 66." type="journal article" year="1964">Baroni Urbani, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FAA19FDDFF0B0E17" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">19– 21</emphasis>
|
||
. Worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041536), photo by Enrico Schifani.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FEC59E17FEA90E72" bold="true" box="[302,376,1852,1878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">22–24</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype worker from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041537), photo by Elia Nalini.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FE319E74FDF50E5D" bold="true" box="[474,548,1887,1913]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">25–27</emphasis>
|
||
. Worker from Bosco di Linera (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041538), photo by Enrico Schifani.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FE179EA9FD940EB8" bold="true" box="[508,581,1922,1948]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">28–30</emphasis>
|
||
. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041539), photo by Enrico Schifani.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8738F156FD1D9E8DFCEE0EE4" bold="true" box="[758,831,1958,1984]" pageId="12" pageNumber="155">31–33</emphasis>
|
||
. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041540), photo by Enrico Schifani. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE265448739F157FF569822FC510AC0" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569822FE2F0806" blockId="13.[189,510,264,291]" box="[189,510,264,291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38739F157FF569822FE2F0806" bold="true" box="[189,510,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FF569822FE2F0806" bold="true" box="[189,510,264,291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Ecology and conservation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF56981CFB6B08FA" blockId="13.[189,1399,311,478]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Relatively thermophilous, collected from
|
||
<quantity id="43009B2A8739F157FD43981CFCF60876" box="[680,807,311,338]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.225" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="0.05" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="422.5" valueMax="840.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 840 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8739F157FC4F981CFC2A0875" box="[932,1019,311,337]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,786,812]" captionTargetBox="[517,1055,275,721]" captionTargetId="figure-309@27.[506,1081,272,733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 82. Spatial characterization of the sites where the four species treated in this study were found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981188/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FBFB981CFAC20875" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1040,1299,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FBFB981CFAC20875" box="[1040,1299,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Temnothorax lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits Mediterranean shrublands and relatively open forests like native and artificial forests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FB5B9870FF2B08B3" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FB5B9870FAA60850" box="[1200,1399,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Pinus halepensis</emphasis>
|
||
Mill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sometimes found under trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FD969855FCC108B3" box="[637,784,381,408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FD969855FCC108B3" box="[637,784,381,408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., but was also collected in artificial gardens in the leaf litter of trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FE47988AFD9E089F" authority="L. Due" authorityName="L. Due" box="[428,591,417,443]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FE47988AFE24089F" box="[428,501,417,443]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Citrus</emphasis>
|
||
L. Due
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the wide ecological niche and distribution it may face a relatively positive situation in conservationist terms, but further assessment would be interesting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569B2EFECD0B3B" blockId="13.[189,284,517,543]" box="[189,284,517,543]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38739F157FF569B2EFECD0B3B" bold="true" box="[189,284,517,543]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FF569B2EFECD0B3B" bold="true" box="[189,284,517,543]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Nesting</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569B1FFBEA0B56" blockId="13.[189,1399,564,626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Nests are found in the soil, probably opportunistically exploiting several kinds of microhabitats when available. On Monte Etna entire nests were found several times under moss.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569BB3FECD0B96" blockId="13.[189,284,664,690]" box="[189,284,664,690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38739F157FF569BB3FECD0B96" bold="true" box="[189,284,664,690]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FF569BB3FECD0B96" bold="true" box="[189,284,664,690]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569BE3FDAF0BC6" blockId="13.[189,638,711,738]" box="[189,638,711,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Monogynous in all documented cases.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569A23FEAE0A06" blockId="13.[189,383,776,802]" box="[189,383,776,802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38739F157FF569A23FEAE0A06" bold="true" box="[189,383,776,802]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FF569A23FEAE0A06" bold="true" box="[189,383,776,802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Social parasites</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569A1CFAA60A75" blockId="13.[189,1399,823,849]" box="[189,1399,823,849]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
One colony was found to be hosting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FDB79A13FC7F0A75" authority="(Finzi, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Finzi" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[604,942,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muellerianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FDB79A13FCC10A75" box="[604,784,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. muellerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Finzi, 1922)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the R.N.O. Pino d’Aleppo (Vittoria).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569A53FEEE0AB6" blockId="13.[189,319,888,914]" box="[189,319,888,914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38739F157FF569A53FEEE0AB6" bold="true" box="[189,319,888,914]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FF569A53FEEE0AB6" bold="true" box="[189,319,888,914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Phenology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569A8CFC510AC0" blockId="13.[189,1398,935,997]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Flying queens and males (often attracted by artificial lights) and mating were observed in Mondello (Palermo) from the early days of July to late August at least.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE265448739F157FF569D27FAEC0E5D" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569D27FED20D02" blockId="13.[189,259,1036,1062]" box="[189,259,1036,1062]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38739F157FF569D27FED20D02" bold="true" box="[189,259,1036,1062]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FF569D27FED20D02" bold="true" box="[189,259,1036,1062]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569D11FA830E30" blockId="13.[188,1399,1082,1813]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8739F157FF569D11FE1F0D70" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[189,462,1082,1108]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref16668" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1964. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. 2. Formiche di Sicilia. Atti della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 16: 25 - 66." type="journal article" year="1964">Baroni Urbani (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assembled the type series of this species from an unspecified number of worker specimens and a single queen collected in Bosco di S. Pietro (Hyblaean Plateau, SE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8739F157FACD9D76FABF0D53" box="[1318,1390,1117,1143]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
) by Giovanni Sichel. No additional information on this taxon was published after its description, and its name was mentioned only on very few occasions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8739F157FCD09D8FFBE00D9A" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[827,1073,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" pagination="5 - 287" refId="ref16700" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1971. Catalogo delle specie di Formicidae d'Italia (Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia X). Memoria della Societa Entomologica Italiana 50: 5 - 287." type="journal article" year="1971">Baroni Urbani 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8739F157FBD69D8FFAB80D9A" author="Salata S. & Borowiec L." box="[1085,1385,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" pagination="81 - 131" refId="ref18968" refString="Salata S. & Borowiec L. 2019. Preliminary division of not socially parasitic Greek Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a description of three new species. ZooKeys 877: 81 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 877.36320" type="journal article" year="2019">Salata & Borowiec 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Baroni Urbani decided to define the only queen he had as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5B43886D8739F157FC599DECFBCE0DC5" box="[946,1055,1223,1249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, despite the specimen being damaged (missing both antennae) and with the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FC7D9DC1FBE50C20" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[918,1076,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FC7D9DC1FBE50C20" box="[918,1076,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Temnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being mostly built around workers. He based the worker caste description on a specimen he defined as the ‘ergatotype’, but this definition has no legal value anymore according to the ICZN code, therefore that specimen must be considered as a simple
|
||
<typeStatus id="5B43886D8739F157FE3B9C7FFDED0C4A" box="[464,572,1364,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. We examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5B43886D8739F157FCF19C7FFC550C4A" box="[794,900,1364,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
along with several
|
||
<typeStatus id="5B43886D8739F157FB809C7FFB0E0C4A" box="[1131,1247,1364,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
preserved at the Natural History Museums of Verona and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8739F157FD3A9C5CFCF30CB5" box="[721,802,1399,1425]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Vienna</collectingRegion>
|
||
, but our efforts to find the ergatotype failed. Over 20 years ago, it was briefly observed at the home of Bruno Poldi (1920–2002) by one of us (AA), but it appears to be absent from the MNHM where Poldi’s collection is kept, as well as from the MSNV, NHMB and NHMW where other material from Baroni Urbani and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FB549CCAFA940CDE" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1215,1349,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FB549CCAFA940CDE" box="[1215,1349,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are stored. According to its description, the ergatotype shows several characters deviating from all type and non-type workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FE079F03FDBC0F65" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[492,621,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FE079F03FDBC0F65" box="[492,621,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we have found; however, it is unclear whether this is due to the actual features of this lost specimen or an imprecise description.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FC189F61FB340F40" authority="Schifani & Prebus & Alicata, 2022" authorityName="Schifani & Prebus & Alicata" authorityYear="2022" box="[1011,1253,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FC189F61FB340F40" box="[1011,1253,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Temnothorax marae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68739F157FB079F60FA980F41" box="[1260,1353,1611,1637]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
cooccurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FEB89F45FE040FA3" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[339,469,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FEB89F45FE040FA3" box="[339,469,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Bosco di S. Pietro, yet it is not characterized by the sharp petiole and mesoepinotal furrow of the drawing of the ergatotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FCB29FBAFC0A0F8E" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[857,987,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FCB29FBAFC0A0F8E" box="[857,987,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in Baroni Urbani's original description. In any case, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5B43886D8739F157FDF19F9FFDAE0FEA" box="[538,639,1716,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FD489F9FFCF40FEA" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[675,805,1716,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FD489F9FFCF40FEA" box="[675,805,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although partly damaged, is fully coherent with the morphology of the queens collected alongside workers with the same characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FB1E9FF3FAA70FD5" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1269,1398,1751,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FB1E9FF3FAA70FD5" box="[1269,1398,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we present here, so that we consider the issue over the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FBFE9FD0FB460E30" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1045,1175,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FBFE9FD0FB460E30" box="[1045,1175,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be resolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8739F157FF569E10FAEC0E5D" blockId="13.[189,1399,1851,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Maltese records under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FE399E10FC590E72" authority="Bondroit, 1918" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" box="[466,904,1851,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FE399E10FD180E71" box="[466,713,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">Leptothorax rabaudi</emphasis>
|
||
Bondroit, 1918
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8739F157FC519E10FA990E72" author="Schembri S. P. & Collingwood C. A." box="[954,1352,1851,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref19220" refString="Schembri S. P. & Collingwood C. A. 1981. A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria " 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">Schembri & Collingwood (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are partly based on misidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8739F157FDF39E4BFD470E5D" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[536,662,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8739F157FDF39E4BFD470E5D" box="[536,662,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="156">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to an investigation of their voucher specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |