441 lines
56 KiB
XML
441 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="47F8E40D2245A7AAD958AE943E584461">Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF0EE583C58DC406F32712767274ECFE">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="006C0868EB1A15002CCFEDD6F945662C">Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11 / A, 43124 Parma, Italy. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (DBGES), University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB6979A5B64497640BA04389164F9B79" type="email">enrico.schifani@unipr.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BA51C3969C78C2CA5D7F60132D6FC76A">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="65CA530E85F1FF396C1B866E1EA40424" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="76CF85DD00FEFCA1612021B16AB8D73D">Alicata, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A1F9A71BE61C2A333E585667491411FF" type="email">antonioalicata@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="94A625BD02AFCF71681F57DE0C880103">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="822CC8F80F91D1EF681DD5E721FDEF92">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0C5187D9873AF14BFE269823FD100F6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6983097" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198973166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6983097" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CDBACBF1-90EE-47D0-B250-9B4F7D84D465" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C5187D9873AF14BFE269823FD100F6D" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
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<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C873AF154FE269823FBD40807" authority="Alicata, Schifani & Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[461,1029,264,291]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873AF154FE269823FD120807" bold="true" box="[461,707,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Temnothorax marae</emphasis>
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Alicata, Schifani & Prebus
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A6873AF154FBE79822FBB60807" box="[1036,1127,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873AF154FD339864FC8A084E" box="[728,859,335,362]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="16.[191,244,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,731,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-136@16.[189,1398,731,1711]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34–45. Specimens of Temnothorax marae Alicata, Schifani & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 34–36. Holotype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041541). 37–39. Paratype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041542). 40–42. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041543), note that the lateral image was edited to compensate for the fact that the petiole and gaster plus postpetiole were accidentally disarticulated. 43–45. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041544). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981170/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Figs 34–45</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873AF154FF5698BBFDB5088E" bold="true" box="[189,612,400,427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Diagnostic character combination</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569894FD670B67" blockId="14.[188,1400,447,579]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
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Antennal clubs concolorous yellowish, antennae 12-segmented in females and
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males, eyes normal, metanotal groove absent, worker propodeal spines short, male propodeal spines absent, petiole upper profile usually with a short horizontal component but no well-defined edges, subpetiolar process carinalike, sculpturing mostly areolate and weak.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569BB2FC0F0B97" blockId="14.[189,990,665,691]" box="[189,990,665,691]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">The species is dedicated to Mara La Rocca, wife of Antonio Alicata.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B68CEADD873AF154FF569BF1FE7B0BD0" bold="true" box="[189,426,730,756]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Material examined</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569A22FEFA0AA9" blockId="14.[189,1398,777,909]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
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We investigated 17 colony samples from 11 localities, consisting in a total of
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,
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,
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from our collections, one colony under rearing in our possession, and additional workers from the personal collections of David Misfud and Stephen Schembri. A detailed list is provided in the Supp. file 1: Table S1.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="FCEF765F873AF154FF569D2DFEDE0D04" box="[189,271,1030,1056]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">ITALY</collectingCountry>
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•
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;
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,
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;
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leg.;
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<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873AF154FBBA9D2DFB7B0D04" box="[1105,1194,1030,1056]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">MSNG</collectionCode>
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.
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(
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|
||
<collectingCountry id="FCEF765F873AF154FF569D41FEDE0DA0" box="[189,271,1130,1156]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">ITALY</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FEC29D41FE820DAD" box="[297,339,1130,1161]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="worker">1 ☿</specimenCount>
|
||
; same collection data as for holotype;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873AF154FCFC9D41FCBD0DA0" box="[791,876,1130,1156]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">MSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="34903C92873AF154FC6D9D41FCDD0D8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755309" collectingDate="1997-07-10" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata" country="Italy" latitude="36.6872" location="Isola di Capo Passero" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="15.1493" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FC6D9D41FC1A0DA1" box="[902,971,1130,1157]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="81276014873AF154FC339D41FB0B0DA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C5187D9873AF14BFE269823FD100F6D:81276014873AF154FC339D41FB0B0DA1" box="[984,1242,1130,1157]" country="Italy" latitude="36.6872" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="15.1493" name="Isola di Capo Passero" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Isola di Capo Passero</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC5008873AF154FB0C9D41FAA30DA1" box="[1255,1394,1130,1157]" degrees="36.6872" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" precision="5" value="36.6872">36.6872° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC5008873AF154FF569DA6FE970D8C" box="[189,326,1165,1192]" degrees="15.1493" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" precision="5" value="15.1493">15.1493° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="F046100F873AF154FEBF9DA5FE3D0D8C" box="[340,492,1165,1192]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="1997-07-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E002E9E7873AF154FEBF9DA5FE3D0D8C" box="[340,492,1165,1192]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="1997-07-10">10 Jul. 1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FE139DA5FDA00D83" box="[504,625,1165,1192]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">A. Alicata</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873AF154FD5C9DA5FCDD0D8C" box="[695,780,1166,1192]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">MSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="34903C92873AF154FCC39DA6FCE10DEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755302" collectingDate="2001-03-30" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata & A. Adorno" country="Italy" latitude="36.8879" location="Pineta di Vittoria" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.4828" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-worker="6">
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FCC39DA6FCB10D88" box="[808,864,1165,1196]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="worker">6 ☿☿</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location id="81276014873AF154FC9A9DA6FB910D83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C5187D9873AF14BFE269823FD100F6D:81276014873AF154FC9A9DA6FB910D83" box="[881,1088,1165,1191]" country="Italy" latitude="36.8879" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.4828" name="Pineta di Vittoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Pineta di Vittoria</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC5008873AF154FBA59DA6FB0B0D8C" box="[1102,1242,1165,1192]" degrees="36.8879" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" precision="5" value="36.8879">36.8879° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC5008873AF154FB039DA5FAA00D8C" box="[1256,1393,1166,1192]" degrees="14.4828" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" precision="5" value="14.4828">14.4828° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="F046100F873AF154FF549D9AFEB00DEF" box="[191,353,1201,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2001-03-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E002E9E7873AF154FF549D9AFEB00DEF" box="[191,353,1201,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2001-03-30">30 Mar. 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FE879D9AFE350DEF" box="[364,484,1201,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">A. Alicata</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FDF09D9AFD490DEF" box="[539,664,1201,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">A. Adorno</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873AF154FD309D9AFCE10DEF" box="[731,816,1201,1227]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">MSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="34903C92873AF154FCA09D9AFC120DCA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755311" collectingDate="2019-03-25" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata & E. Schifani" country="Italy" latitude="14.4745" location="Pineta di Vittoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FCA09D9AFCA60DEF" box="[843,887,1201,1227]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(damaged);
|
||
<location id="81276014873AF154FBE69D9AFB0B0DEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C5187D9873AF14BFE269823FD100F6D:81276014873AF154FBE69D9AFB0B0DEF" box="[1037,1242,1201,1227]" country="Italy" latitude="14.4745" name="Pineta di Vittoria" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Pineta di Vittoria</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC5008873AF154FB0C9D9AFAA30DEF" box="[1255,1394,1201,1227]" degrees="36.8927" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" precision="5" value="36.8927">36.8927° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC5008873AF154FF569DFFFE960DCA" box="[189,327,1236,1263]" degrees="14.4745" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" precision="5" value="14.4745">14.4745° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="F046100F873AF154FEB89DFFFE220DCA" box="[339,499,1236,1263]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2019-03-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E002E9E7873AF154FEB89DFFFE220DCA" box="[339,499,1236,1263]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2019-03-25">25 Mar. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FE169DFFFDA50DCA" box="[509,628,1236,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">A. Alicata</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FD409DFFFCFC0DCA" box="[683,813,1236,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">E. Schifani</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873AF154FC859DFFFC120DCA" box="[878,963,1236,1262]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">MSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="34903C92873AF154FC309DFFFD670C35" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755304" collectingDate="2019-06-02" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata & S. Csosz" country="Italy" location="Bosco di S. Pietro" municipality="Bosco di S. Pietro" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FC309DFFFBD80DCA" box="[987,1033,1236,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FBFE9DFFFB900DCA" box="[1045,1089,1236,1262]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6423ACB5873AF154FBA49DFFFAF70DCA" box="[1103,1318,1236,1262]" country="Italy" name="Bosco di S. Pietro" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Bosco di S. Pietro</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="F046100F873AF154FADA9DFFFF2A0C35" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2019-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E002E9E7873AF154FADA9DFFFF2A0C35" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" value="2019-06-02">2 Jun. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FEED9DDCFEAC0C35" box="[262,381,1271,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">A. Alicata</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="290D5319873AF154FE5E9DDCFDCB0C35" box="[437,538,1271,1297]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">S. Csősz</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A873AF154FDB69DDCFD670C35" box="[605,694,1271,1297]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria"" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">MSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE26544873AF14BFF569C13FBB108FE" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569C13FE9F0C76" blockId="14.[189,334,1336,1362]" box="[189,334,1336,1362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A3873AF154FF569C13FE9F0C76" bold="true" box="[189,334,1336,1362]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873AF154FF569C13FE9F0C76" bold="true" box="[189,334,1336,1362]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF019C4CFE380CA5" blockId="14.[189,1399,1383,1691]" box="[234,489,1383,1409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873AF154FF019C4CFE9A0CA5" bold="true" box="[234,331,1383,1409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Worker</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873AF154FEB09C4CFE300CA5" box="[347,481,1383,1409]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="16.[191,244,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,731,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-136@16.[189,1398,731,1711]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34–45. Specimens of Temnothorax marae Alicata, Schifani & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 34–36. Holotype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041541). 37–39. Paratype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041542). 40–42. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041543), note that the lateral image was edited to compensate for the fact that the petiole and gaster plus postpetiole were accidentally disarticulated. 43–45. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041544). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981170/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">Figs 34–39</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569CA0FE9F0FBF" blockId="14.[189,1399,1383,1691]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873AF154FDF19CA0FD630C80" box="[538,690,1418,1445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 6 colonies, 5 localities). CL: 565.86 ± 35.45 (512–616); CW: 449 ± 34.46 (406–515); CS: 507.42 ± 34.31 (459–565); PoOC: 239.43 ± 11.73 (223–262); SL: 398.14 ± 23.5 (360–434); ML: 605.86 ± 43.15 (540–664); MW: 298.86 ± 22.28 (264–334); EL: 106.43 ± 6.7 (97–115); EW: 82.71 ± 7.43 (72–93); EYE: 94.57 ± 6.4 (84–99); SPST: 117.57 ± 13.24 (102–142); CL/CW: 1.26 ± 0.03 (1.19–1.30); PoOC/CL: 0.42 ± 0.02 (0.39–0.43); SL/CL: 0.70 ± 0.02 (0.67–0.72); ML/CS: 1.19 ± 0.02 (1.17–1.22); MW/CS: 0.59 ± 0.01 (0.57–0.61); EL/CS: 0.21 ± 0.01 (0.19–0.23); EW/CS: 0.16 ± 0.01 (0.15–0.17); EYE/CS: 0.19 ± 0.01 (0.17–0.20); SPST/CS: 0.23 ± 0.01 (0.21–0.25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569FE9FCEA0FDB" blockId="14.[189,1399,1730,1792]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">COLORATION. Entirely yellowish with the exception of the gaster, which is often entirely blackish (but in some colonies the black part forms a transverse band).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873AF154FF569E0CFC8F0EA3" blockId="14.[189,1399,1831,1928]" pageId="14" pageNumber="157">HEAD. Subrectangular, with rounded margins near the four angles; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 12 segments, antennal clubs of 3 segments, antennal scapes relatively short. Compound eyes relatively small and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.19 ± 0.01).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569822FD200862" blockId="15.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">MESOSOMA. Without a metanotal depression, straight or slightly rounded in profile. Propodeal spines notably short and thick (SPST/CS: 0.23 ± 0.01).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569845FDCC08EA" blockId="15.[189,1398,366,462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">METASOMA. The petiole in profile view rather blunt dorsally, lacking well-defined edges; on its anteroventral part, a small carina weakly emerges in profile view. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF5698DDFD110BB8" blockId="15.[187,1399,501,669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Most of the body characterized by a variably fine areolate-rugose sculpture, the longitudinal component of which tends to be more marked on the frontal side of the head. Clypeus, gaster, and appendages smooth; a variable area extending around the frons. Very sparse, occasionally suberect but usually erect setae all over the body; dense, fine, mostly adpressed pilosity on all appendages, especially abundant on the antennal flagelli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF019BE8FE0B0BFA" blockId="15.[189,1399,707,840]" box="[234,474,707,734]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873BF155FF019BE8FEEA0BF9" bold="true" box="[234,315,707,733]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">Queen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873BF155FEA09BEFFE030BFA" box="[331,466,708,734]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="16.[191,244,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,731,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-136@16.[189,1398,731,1711]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34–45. Specimens of Temnothorax marae Alicata, Schifani & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 34–36. Holotype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041541). 37–39. Paratype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041542). 40–42. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041543), note that the lateral image was edited to compensate for the fact that the petiole and gaster plus postpetiole were accidentally disarticulated. 43–45. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041544). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">Figs 40–42</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569BCCFBA20A63" blockId="15.[189,1399,707,840]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (1 individual). CL: 636; CW: 557; CS: 596.5; PoOC: 243; SL: 468; ML: 1032; MW: 618; EL: 174; EW: 151; EYE: 162.5; CL/CW: 1.07; PoOC/CS: 0.38; SL/CL: 0.74; ML/CS: 1.73; MW/CS: 1.04; EL/CS: 0.29; EW/CS: 0.25; EYE/CS: 0.27; SPST/CS: 0.28.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569A44FC920AEB" blockId="15.[189,1400,879,976]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">COLORATION. Entirely yellowish with the main exception of parts of the gaster: all tergites are blackish with the exception of their yellowish caudalmost part, and the first tergite is yellowish near the postpetiole. Moreover, the mesoscutellar disk is caudally darkened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569ADCFC190D73" blockId="15.[189,1399,1014,1111]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">HEAD. Subrectangular, with rounded margins near the four angles; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 12 segments, antennal clubs of 3 segments, antennal scapes relatively short (SL/CL: 0.74). Compound eyes large and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.27); ocelli circular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569D54FC070DBC" blockId="15.[189,982,1150,1177]" box="[189,982,1150,1177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">MESOSOMA. Propodeal spines very short and thick (SPST/CS: 0.28).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569DEBFDCC0C04" blockId="15.[189,1398,1216,1312]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">METASOMA. Petiole in profile view sharp, and does not include a horizontal component. On its anteroventral part, a small carina weakly emerges in profile view. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569C63FBAD0F36" blockId="15.[189,1400,1352,1554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Most of the body is characterized by a variably fine areolate-rugose sculpture, the longitudinal component of which tends to be more marked on the frontal side of the head. Clypeus, gaster, appendages, a variable area extending around the frons, anepisterna, katepisterna, mesoscutellar disk, and mesoscutum smooth. A central longitudinal stria visible in the lower portion of the clypeus. Very sparse, occasionally suberect but usually erect setae all over the body; dense, fine, and mostly adpressed pilosity on all appendages, especially abundant on the antennal flagelli.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF019F12FE190F70" blockId="15.[189,1399,1593,1866]" box="[234,456,1593,1620]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD873BF155FF019F12FEFB0F77" bold="true" box="[234,298,1593,1619]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A873BF155FED29F12FE110F70" box="[313,448,1593,1620]" captionStart="Figs 34–45" captionStartId="16.[191,244,1748,1774]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,731,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-136@16.[189,1398,731,1711]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 34–45. Specimens of Temnothorax marae Alicata, Schifani & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 34–36. Holotype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041541). 37–39. Paratype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041542). 40–42. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041543), note that the lateral image was edited to compensate for the fact that the petiole and gaster plus postpetiole were accidentally disarticulated. 43–45. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041544). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">Figs 43–45</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569F76FE0B0E6D" blockId="15.[189,1399,1593,1866]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
|
||
<specimenCount id="92FEFD46873BF155FDE19F77FD4F0F52" box="[522,670,1628,1654]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 colony). CL: 472.67 ± 16.2 (454–483); CW: 419.33 ± 20.01 (396–437); CS: 445.83 ± 18.42 (425–460); PoOC: 197 ± 6.08 (190–201); SL: 252 ± 1.73 (251–254); ML: 845.67 ± 27.8 (814–866); MW: 467.66 ± 20.55 (448–489); EL: 185 ± 7.21 (179–193); EW: 157.66 ± 4.16 (153–161); EYE: 171.33 ± 4.16 (168–176); CL/CW: 1.06 ± 0.01 (1.05–1.07); PoOC/CS: 0.42 ± 0.02 (0.41–0.42); SL/CL: 0.53 ± 0.02 (0.52–0.55); ML/CS: 1.89 ± 0.03 (1.86–1.91); MW/CS: 1.08 ± 0.03 (1.03-1.06); EL/CS: 0.41 ± 0.01 (0.40–0.43); EW/CS: 0.35 ± 0.02 (0.33–0.38); EYE/CS: 0.38 ± 0.02 (0.36–0.40).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF873BF155FF569E5AFC3C0EAF" blockId="15.[189,1005,1905,1931]" box="[189,1005,1905,1931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="158">COLORATION. Whole body yellowish, appendages whitish, gaster dark.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8724F14AFF569822FB69084D" blockId="16.[189,1400,265,362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">HEAD. Subrectangular, rounded especially above the compound eyes; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 13 segments, antennal clubs of 4 segments, antennal scapes relatively long (SL/CL: 0.53 ± 0.02). Compound eyes large and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.38 ± 0.02); ocelli circular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8724F14AFF5698BAFDD608EA" blockId="16.[189,1399,401,462]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">MESOSOMA. Propodeum spineless and rounded, most of the length of its lateral profile composed by the declivious posterior margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8724F14AFF5698DDFDCC0B17" blockId="16.[189,1398,501,563]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">METASOMA. Petiole ordinarily low and blunt. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in lateral profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8724F14BFF569B71FE65084D" blockId="16.[189,1400,602,664]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Sculpture relatively strong on the head, with well-developed longitudinal striae on its frontal side, very light all over the propodeum, petiole, postpetiole and in some areas near the mesosoma lateral sutures, all the remaining parts are smooth. A central longitudinal stria visible in the lower portion of the clypeus. Sparse, erect setae all over the body; fine and mostly adpressed pilosity over the appendages.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D08766478724F14AFF549FFFFEA00EC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981170/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="159" startId="16.[191,244,1748,1774]" targetBox="[189,1398,731,1710]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8724F14AFF549FFFFEA00EC1" blockId="16.[187,1399,1748,2022]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8724F14AFF549FFFFE810FCA" bold="true" box="[191,336,1748,1774]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">Figs 34–45.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8724F14AFDED9FFFFB9B0FCA" authority="Alicata, Schifani & Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[518,1098,1748,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8724F14AFDED9FFFFD290FCA" box="[518,760,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">Temnothorax marae</emphasis>
|
||
Alicata, Schifani & Prebus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68724F14AFBBF9FFEFB620FCB" box="[1108,1203,1749,1775]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8724F14AFD679E30FD060E11" bold="true" box="[652,727,1819,1845]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">34–36</emphasis>
|
||
. Holotype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041541).
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8724F14AFE2C9E15FDC00E7C" bold="true" box="[455,529,1854,1880]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">37–39</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041542).
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8724F14AFF569E4AFED60E5F" bold="true" box="[189,263,1889,1915]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">40–42</emphasis>
|
||
. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041543), note that the lateral image was edited to compensate for the fact that the petiole and gaster plus postpetiole were accidentally disarticulated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8724F14AFE879E8CFE670EE5" bold="true" box="[364,438,1959,1985]" pageId="16" pageNumber="159">43–45</emphasis>
|
||
. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041544). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF5698BAFE7C088F" blockId="17.[189,429,401,427]" box="[189,429,401,427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF5698BAFEEE088F" bold="true" box="[189,319,401,427]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Phylogeny</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8725F14BFEA498BAFE74088F" box="[335,421,401,427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1886,1912]" captionTargetBox="[190,1391,601,1836]" captionTargetId="graphics-79@25.[190,1312,604,1837]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 79. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred with IQTREE ver. 2.1.2. The major clades found in Prebus (2017) are highlighted, and the focal species of the current study (all within the ‘Palearctic clade IV’) are evidenced as in Figs 75–78. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support for all nodes are 100, except where indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981182/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569894FBB108FE" blockId="17.[189,1120,447,474]" box="[189,1120,447,474]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFE6898EBFDD008FD" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[387,513,447,473]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFE6898EBFDD008FD" box="[387,513,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which together are closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFC2B98EBFB8808FD" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[960,1113,447,473]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFC2B98EBFB8808FD" box="[960,1113,447,473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">T. flavicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE265448725F14BFF569B2BFC810BB4" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569B2BFD0C0B3F" blockId="17.[189,733,512,539]" box="[189,733,512,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569B2BFDEE0B3E" bold="true" box="[189,575,512,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Distribution and biogeography</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8725F14BFDA49B2AFD040B3F" box="[591,725,513,539]" captionStart="Figs 80–81" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 80–81. Geographic distribution of the four taxa treated in this study. Note that the shallow water area (light grey) between Sicily and the Maltese Islands roughly corresponded to a land bridge during glaciations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981184/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Figs 80–81</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569B04FC810BB4" blockId="17.[189,1400,559,656]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Apparently restricted to SE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8725F14BFDE79B04FD810B6D" box="[524,592,559,585]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Hyblaean Plateau) and the Maltese islands. The Hyblean Pleateau may be the earliest sector of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8725F14BFDC29B79FDBC0B48" box="[553,621,594,620]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
to have emerged from the Mediterranean Sea and has a strong biogeographic characterization (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8725F14BFDDC9B5DFC920BB4" author="Guarino R. & Pasta S." box="[567,835,630,656]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" pagination="133 - 148" refId="ref18049" refString="Guarino R. & Pasta S. 2018. Sicily: the island that didn't know to be an archipelago. Berichte der Reinhold-Tuxen-Gesellschaft 30: 133 - 148." type="journal article" year="2018">Guarino & Pasta 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE265448725F14BFF569B9CFCA30C68" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569B9CFE2F0BF5" blockId="17.[189,510,695,721]" box="[189,510,695,721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569B9CFE2F0BF5" bold="true" box="[189,510,695,721]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569B9CFE2F0BF5" bold="true" box="[189,510,695,721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Ecology and conservation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569BCDFC7E0A4D" blockId="17.[189,1398,741,874]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
More thermophilous than any other species treated in this study, it was found at altitudes between 5 and
|
||
<quantity id="43009B2A8725F14BFF569A22FED80A07" box="[189,265,777,804]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8725F14BFE679A22FE340A07" box="[396,485,777,803]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,786,812]" captionTargetBox="[517,1055,275,721]" captionTargetId="figure-309@27.[506,1081,272,733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 82. Spatial characterization of the sites where the four species treated in this study were found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981188/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mainly found in the leaf litter of phryganas or shrublands, but also within a native
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFECC9A06FE6E0A62" box="[295,447,812,838]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="halepensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFECC9A06FE6E0A62" box="[295,447,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">P. halepensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest and under riparian vegetation. Its habitat was likely severely reduced by strong anthropization of coastal areas and agricultural activities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569ABBFECD0A8E" blockId="17.[189,284,912,938]" box="[189,284,912,938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569ABBFECD0A8E" bold="true" box="[189,284,912,938]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569ABBFECD0A8E" bold="true" box="[189,284,912,938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569A94FCB30AFE" blockId="17.[189,866,959,986]" box="[189,866,959,986]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Small and monogynous colonies in all documented cases.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569D2BFEAE0D3E" blockId="17.[189,383,1024,1050]" box="[189,383,1024,1050]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569D2BFEAE0D3E" bold="true" box="[189,383,1024,1050]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569D2BFEAE0D3E" bold="true" box="[189,383,1024,1050]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Social parasites</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569D04FB370D6D" blockId="17.[189,1254,1071,1098]" box="[189,1254,1071,1098]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
One colony was found to be hosting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFD879D1BFC130D6D" authority="(Finzi, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Finzi" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[620,962,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muellerianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFD879D1BFCF30D6D" box="[620,802,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">T. muellerianus</emphasis>
|
||
(Finzi, 1922)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the R.N.O. Vendicari.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569D5BFECD0DAE" blockId="17.[189,284,1136,1162]" box="[189,284,1136,1162]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569D5BFECD0DAE" bold="true" box="[189,284,1136,1162]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569D5BFECD0DAE" bold="true" box="[189,284,1136,1162]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Nesting</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569D8BFBFB0DF9" blockId="17.[189,1399,1183,1245]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Nests were always found on dead twigs, either on bushes or laying on the ground, although nesting directly on the soil or in other microhabitats on the ground may also occur.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569C2FFEEE0C3A" blockId="17.[189,319,1284,1310]" box="[189,319,1284,1310]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569C2FFEEE0C3A" bold="true" box="[189,319,1284,1310]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569C2FFEEE0C3A" bold="true" box="[189,319,1284,1310]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Phenology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569C19FCA30C68" blockId="17.[189,882,1330,1357]" box="[189,882,1330,1357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Males were produced under rearing conditions during July.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CCE265448725F14BFF569C5FFD100F6D" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569C5FFED20CAA" blockId="17.[189,259,1396,1422]" box="[189,259,1396,1422]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569C5FFED20CAA" bold="true" box="[189,259,1396,1422]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569C5FFED20CAA" bold="true" box="[189,259,1396,1422]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569C89FD100F6D" blockId="17.[188,1399,1442,1609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
|
||
Maltese records under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFE399C89FC590C98" authority="Bondroit, 1918" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" box="[466,904,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFE399C89FD180C98" box="[466,713,1442,1468]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Leptothorax rabaudi</emphasis>
|
||
Bondroit, 1918
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8725F14BFC519C89FA990C98" author="Schembri S. P. & Collingwood C. A." box="[954,1352,1442,1468]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" pagination="417 - 442" refId="ref19220" refString="Schembri S. P. & Collingwood C. A. 1981. A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria " 83: 417 - 442." type="journal article" year="1981">Schembri & Collingwood (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are partly based on misidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFDF89CEDFDAB0CFB" authority="Schifani & Prebus & Alicata, 2022" authorityName="Schifani & Prebus & Alicata" authorityYear="2022" box="[531,634,1478,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFDF89CEDFDAB0CFB" box="[531,634,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">T. marae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68725F14BFD949CEDFD0B0CC4" box="[639,730,1478,1504]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
according to an investigation of their voucher specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFF579CC2FDA00F27" authority="(Bondroit, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Bondroit" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[188,625,1513,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aveli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF579CC2FE4A0F27" box="[188,411,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Temnothorax aveli</emphasis>
|
||
(Bondroit, 1918)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFC4C9CC1FBF90F27" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" box="[935,1064,1513,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFC4C9CC1FBF90F27" box="[935,1064,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">L. rabaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8725F14BFB869CC2FE520F02" author="Casevitz-Weulersse J. & Galkowski C." pageId="17" pageNumber="160" pagination="475 - 510" refId="ref17149" refString="Casevitz-Weulersse J. & Galkowski C. 2009. Liste actualisee des fourmis de France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 114: 475 - 510." type="journal article" year="2009">Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a mainly arboreal-nesting species found in SW Europe may be absent from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FCEF765F8725F14BFAF99F27FA870F02" box="[1298,1366,1548,1574]" name="Malta" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Malta</collectingCountry>
|
||
as it is from Sicily (see also under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFDD89F1BFD600F6D" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[563,689,1583,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFDD89F1BFD600F6D" box="[563,689,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |