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<document id="1291E2527FB55FDAFC86953124359998" ID-CLB-Dataset="118226" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1891" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a24f8655-0596-4419-8568-301c57845a11" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981130" ID-ZooBank="923D90F9-F630-4D03-991E-8289FFA7F35E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660147113285" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schifani, Enrico, Prebus, Matthew M. &amp; Alicata, Antonio" docDate="2022" docId="0C5187D98728F147FF569893FD820A1B" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-833_143-179.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1891" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Temnothorax Mayr 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="F068FFA18734F15AFFEB992BFFD10924" masterDocTitle="Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1699365177492" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F69957DA28D8A8A1021F6E4035A078A3">Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A4638E79545EDA8D33E96E1C7AA9B06">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5ED0BF02D812FFEA62960BE7940BCF04">Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11 / A, 43124 Parma, Italy. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (DBGES), University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9FB2F53ACEAAD454849E1FB71E432F40" type="email">enrico.schifani@unipr.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="20FB6EF11D63C69BFA70BADFB2EFCCE1">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="511F8852458CD4499DAB3B38E52701A9" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A7FB23A8999177EA2F633477B461D894">Alicata, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="CCE265448728F146FF569893FDB208DF" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569893FDB208DF" blockId="28.[189,1359,440,507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FF569893FDB208DF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
Worker-based key to the Sicilian species of
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FD1D9893FC7608F1" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[758,935,440,469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Temnothorax</taxonomicName>
with light-colored pigmentation and concolorous antennal clubs
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448728F146FF569B3FFD9C0B9F" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569B3FFD9C0B9F" blockId="28.[189,1399,531,699]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
Note that recently emerged workers and queens of dark species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FC079B3FFB960B09" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1004,1095,531,557]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FC079B3FFB960B09" box="[1004,1095,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. exilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) may temporarily present a yellowish pigmentation. The key is meant to be used for species in which the final pigmentation of females is naturally light-colored. High-quality images of all the species are available on AntWeb.org. Quantitative and qualitative morphological characters mentioned in the key are defined in the Material and methods section of this paper.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448728F146FF569BF1FAA60ECC" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" type="key">
<key id="F06961FE8728F146FF569BF1FAA60ECC" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569BF1FAA60A33" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569BF1FAA60BD0" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[189,1399,730,756]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569BF1FAA60BD0" box="[189,1399,730,756]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">1. Antennal segments reduced to 11 ..................................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9BD5FAA60A33" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[193,1399,765,792]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9BD5FAA60A33" box="[193,1399,765,792]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">– 12 antennal segments ........................................................................................................................ 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569A1CFAA70D25" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569A1CFAA70A9E" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569A1CFAA70A9E" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
2. Extreme development of the subpetiolar process, short spines .............social parasite species of the
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FE549A71FDEB0A50" box="[447,570,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">gordiagini</emphasis>
group, of which only
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FCD49A70FBB30A50" authority="(Andre, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Andre" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[831,1122,858,884]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ravouxi">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FCD49A70FC640A50" box="[831,949,859,884]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. ravouxi</emphasis>
(André, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
is confirmed for
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8728F146FAC69A71FAA20A50" box="[1325,1395,858,884]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">Sicily</collectingRegion>
. However, the possible presence of
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FCBB9A55FBAF0ABC" authority="(Emery, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[848,1150,893,920]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kraussei">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FCBB9A55FC1E0AB3" box="[848,975,893,919]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. kraussei</emphasis>
(Emery, 1915)
</taxonomicName>
cannot be discarded, see
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8728F146FC569A8BFBB00A9F" author="Seifert B." box="[957,1121,928,955]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" refId="ref19716" refString="Seifert B. 2018. The Ants of Central and North Europe. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer, Germany." type="book" year="2018">Seifert (2018)</bibRefCitation>
for their differentiation
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9AEFFAA70D25" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9AEFFAA70D25" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
– Subpetiolar process falling within the variation described in the materials and methods of this study; free-living species ..................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FBCD9ACCFAA70D25" authority="(Emery, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1062,1398,998,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FBCD9ACCFB170D25" bold="true" box="[1062,1222,998,1025]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FBCD9ACCFBE90D25" bold="true" box="[1062,1080,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FBAC9ACDFB170D25" bold="true" box="[1095,1222,998,1025]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">flavicornis</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8728F146FB3E9ACCFABF0D25" author="Emery C." box="[1237,1390,999,1025]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" pagination="193 - 201" refId="ref17429" refString="Emery C. 1870. Studi mirmecologici. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 2: 193 - 201." type="journal article" year="1870">Emery, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569D02FAA60DAD" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569D02FAA70D42" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569D02FAA70D42" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
3. Long erect setae on the dorsum of the body; metanotal groove very deep; propodeal spines very short ......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FBF59D67FAA70D42" authority="(Nylander, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1054,1398,1099,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recedens">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FBF59D67FB770D42" bold="true" box="[1054,1190,1099,1126]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. recedens</emphasis>
(Nylander, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9D44FAA60DAD" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[193,1399,1135,1161]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9D44FAA60DAD" box="[193,1399,1135,1161]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">– Setae shorter; metanotal groove absent or weak; if present, propodeal spines longer ..................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569D9BFAA60C35" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569D9BFAA70DCA" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569D9BFAA70DCA" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
4. Relatively large arboreal species; most of the body ferruginous; petiole bulky and short, unlike any other species of the key; propodeal spines long ........................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FBAD9DFFFAA70DCA" authority="(Mayr, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1094,1398,1235,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypeatus">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FBAD9DFFFB020DCA" bold="true" box="[1094,1235,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. clypeatus</emphasis>
(Mayr, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9DDCFAA60C35" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[193,1399,1270,1297]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9DDCFAA60C35" box="[193,1399,1270,1297]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">– Character combination deviating from above ................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569C13FAA60CBD" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569C13FAA60C51" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569C13FAA60C51" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
5. Petiole narrow; metanotal groove present; head often darker than the mesosoma; subpetiolar process limited to a carina-like shape ...................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FCA19C70FC6F0C52" baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[842,958,1371,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FCA19C70FC6F0C52" bold="true" box="[842,958,1371,1398]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (also see
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8728F146FB959C70FA980C52" author="Csosz S. &amp; Heinze J. &amp; Miko I." box="[1150,1353,1371,1398]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" pagination="0140000" refId="ref17227" refString="Csosz S., Heinze J. &amp; Miko I. 2015. Taxonomic synopsis of the Ponto-Mediterranean ants of Temnothorax nylanderi species-group. PLoS ONE 10: e 0140000. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0140000" type="journal article" year="2015">
Csősz
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FB209C77FAD70C51" box="[1227,1286,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
) 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9C54FAA60CBD" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[193,1399,1406,1433]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9C54FAA60CBD" box="[193,1399,1406,1433]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">– Character combination deviating from above ................................................................................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569CEBFAA70F60" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569CEBFAA70CD9" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569CEBFAA70CD9" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
6. Propodeal spines very long, deviating very little from the mesosoma axis (20–25°); more thermophilous .................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FC139CC8FAA70CD9" authority="(Bondroit, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Bondroit" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[1016,1398,1507,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FC139CC8FB7B0CDA" bold="true" box="[1016,1194,1507,1534]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. lichtensteini</emphasis>
(Bondroit, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9F2CFAA70F60" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9F2CFAA70F60" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
– Propodeal spines shorter, deviating more from the mesosoma axis; usually higher altitude sites ..... ...............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FBC99F01FAA70F60" authority="(Foerster, 1850)" baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1058,1398,1577,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FBC99F01FB650F60" bold="true" box="[1058,1204,1577,1604]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
(Foerster, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569F4FFAA60FC3" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569F4FFAA60FE0" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569F4FFAA60FE0" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
7. Color ferruginous; sculpture striate, particularly strong in larger individuals; frons with a shiny area; propodeal spines long; size large (normally CS&gt; 600) ...................................................................... .......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FC9A9F81FAC40FE0" authority="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[881,1301,1705,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poldii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FC9A9F81FC020FE0" bold="true" box="[881,979,1705,1732]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. poldii</emphasis>
Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68728F146FAF79F81FAA60FE0" box="[1308,1399,1706,1732]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9FE5FAA60FC3" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[193,1399,1741,1768]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9FE5FAA60FC3" box="[193,1399,1741,1768]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">– Color yellowish, sculpture weaker, size normally smaller (CS &lt;600) ............................................ 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569E2CFAA60E60" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569E2CFAA70E05" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[189,1398,1798,1825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569E2CFAA70E05" box="[189,1398,1798,1825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
8. Propodeal spines long; subpetiolar process tooth-like ..................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FC019E2CFAA70E05" authority="(Baroni Urbani, 1964)" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[1002,1398,1798,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FC019E2CFBBB0E05" bold="true" box="[1002,1130,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8728F146FB929E2CFABF0E05" author="Baroni Urbani C." box="[1145,1390,1799,1825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" pagination="25 - 66" refId="ref16668" refString="Baroni Urbani C. 1964. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. 2. Formiche di Sicilia. Atti della Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 16: 25 - 66." type="journal article" year="1964">Baroni Urbani, 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9E00FAA60E60" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" box="[193,1399,1834,1861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9E00FAA60E60" box="[193,1399,1834,1861]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">– Propodeal spines short; subpetiolar process with a carina-like form ............................................... 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="3F0C2E6A8728F146FF569E4FFAA60ECC" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF569E4FFAA60E86" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF569E4FFAA60E86" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
9. Upper profile of petiole rather blunt, forming a weakly delimited horizontal plane; SE
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8728F146FB0B9E4FFAF50E5A" box="[1248,1316,1892,1918]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">Sicily</collectingRegion>
......... ......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FC829EACFAC40E85" authority="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[873,1301,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FC829EACFC050E85" bold="true" box="[873,980,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. marae</emphasis>
Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68728F146FAF79EA3FAA60E86" box="[1308,1399,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8728F146FF2A9E80FAA60ECC" blockId="28.[189,1399,730,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
<keyLead id="3F0995FA8728F146FF2A9E80FAA60ECC" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">
– Upper profile of petiole very sharp, usually not forming an horizontal plane; NW
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8728F146FB4D9E81FB3B0EE0" box="[1190,1258,1962,1988]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">Sicily</collectingRegion>
................. ...................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8728F146FCBC9EE5FAC40EC3" authority="Schifani, Alicata &amp; Prebus" authorityName="Schifani, Alicata &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[855,1301,1997,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivianoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8728F146FCBC9EE5FC040EC3" bold="true" box="[855,981,1997,2024]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="171">T. vivianoi</emphasis>
Schifani, Alicata &amp; Prebus
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68728F146FAF79EE5FAA60ECC" box="[1308,1399,1998,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448729F147FF569823FD820A1B" pageId="29" pageNumber="172" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="844736CF8729F147FF569823FC420801" blockId="29.[189,915,264,293]" box="[189,915,264,293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8729F147FF569823FC420801" bold="true" box="[189,915,264,293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="172">UCE sequence processing and phylogenomic inference</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8729F147FF569816FE1E0B23" blockId="29.[187,1399,317,519]" pageId="29" pageNumber="172">Following assembly and UCE extraction, the mean number of loci per specimen was 2242, with a mean contig length of 885 bp, and a mean coverage score of 44.3x (see Supp. file 1: Table S2). Following alignment, trimming and filtering of the full UCE dataset to loci with ≥85% taxon presence, the dataset had 2039 loci, with a mean locus alignment length of 793 bp. The concatenated matrix was 1 617 690 bp in length, in which 819 040 sites (50.6%) were variable, 533 245 sites (33%) were parsimony informative, with 19% missing data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8729F147FF569B05FD820A1B" blockId="29.[188,1401,558,831]" pageId="29" pageNumber="172">
The partitioning analysis of the dataset resulted in a 260-partition scheme (see Dryad data repository; https://doi.org/10.25338/B8K63Z). The tree resulting from the IQTREE analysis (
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8729F147FB7B9B7AFB390B4F" box="[1168,1256,593,619]" captionStart="Figs 80–81" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 80–81. Geographic distribution of the four taxa treated in this study. Note that the shallow water area (light grey) between Sicily and the Maltese Islands roughly corresponded to a land bridge during glaciations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981184/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="172">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
) had strong overall maximum likelihood bootstrap support. The phylogenetic placements of the species described in the current study, all of which fell within the subclade ‘Palearctic clade IV’ (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8729F147FB7A9BB3FAF90B96" author="Prebus M. M." box="[1169,1320,664,690]" pageId="29" pageNumber="172" pagination="250" refId="ref18611" refString="Prebus M. M. 2017. Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (hymenoptera: Formicidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1095 - 8" type="journal article" year="2017">Prebus 2017</bibRefCitation>
), were unambiguous with respect to their closest relatives. As a side note, ‘Palearctic clade II’ (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8729F147FACC9B90FF2D0BDC" author="Prebus M. M." pageId="29" pageNumber="172" pagination="250" refId="ref18611" refString="Prebus M. M. 2017. Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (hymenoptera: Formicidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17: 250. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1095 - 8" type="journal article" year="2017">Prebus 2017</bibRefCitation>
), which was composed of taxa from eastern and southern Asia, was recovered as paraphyletic in the current study. It now appears to consist of two clades, which are renamed ‘Palearctic clade IIa’ and ‘Palearctic clade IIb’ (see
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8729F147FE049A0FFD970A1B" box="[495,582,804,831]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1886,1912]" captionTargetBox="[190,1391,601,1836]" captionTargetId="graphics-79@25.[190,1312,604,1837]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 79. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred with IQTREE ver. 2.1.2. The major clades found in Prebus (2017) are highlighted, and the focal species of the current study (all within the ‘Palearctic clade IV’) are evidenced as in Figs 75–78. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support for all nodes are 100, except where indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981182/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="172">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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