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<document id="A255D45C843DA925CBAD43FCC2D05BA6" ID-CLB-Dataset="118226" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1891" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a24f8655-0596-4419-8568-301c57845a11" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981130" ID-ZooBank="923D90F9-F630-4D03-991E-8289FFA7F35E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660147113285" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schifani, Enrico, Prebus, Matthew M. &amp; Alicata, Antonio" docDate="2022" docId="0C5187D98725F14FFE3A9F5BFEE30C20" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-833_143-179.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 833 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.833.1891" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Temnothorax poldii Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4A0D0DEF-4DCF-4D95-8D4D-43C56CBAC9D8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="F068FFA18734F15AFFEB992BFFD10924" masterDocTitle="Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1699365177492" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8DAE2F17B17F8F736081D910966959C2">Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0121C87401BA0CB91E349EC13DEE36C">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A8D283E3EA76A40F337818CD9AD791DF" type="LSID">18D1CCD1-4A50-452E-8CD8-225596E5304B</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D82934012FAB14C572DECEAD735BF9EA">Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11 / A, 43124 Parma, Italy. Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States of America. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (DBGES), University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A097E19A108C22FA6BCAA9194137FF45" type="email">enrico.schifani@unipr.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D3BF319E059AFE690DB1538EEED9B4E6">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D5A79B93C6DEDEB31BD17311253AAAD" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="7EF0ABC210F36B5F03291842B94356AD">Alicata, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="117D5F30A2CCB2697860E268AB13230C" type="email">antonioalicata@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="508047E906CDB0A045135511CB56B86D">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8CB57E2E426B7F5A428A1F5EF98D3EA5">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C72E7A9CF736115A53E69B24B48FAD0D">2022-08-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0C5187D98725F14FFE3A9F5BFEE30C20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6983099" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198973167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6983099" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4A0D0DEF-4DCF-4D95-8D4D-43C56CBAC9D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C5187D98725F14FFE3A9F5BFEE30C20" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection id="CCE265448725F14BFE3A9F5BFBB20FAF" box="[465,1123,1648,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFE3A9F5BFBB20FAF" blockId="17.[348,1239,1648,1745]" box="[465,1123,1648,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFE3A9F5BFBB20FAF" box="[465,1123,1648,1675]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8725F14BFE3A9F5BFBD00FAE" authority="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[465,1025,1648,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poldii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFE3A9F5BFD6F0FAF" bold="true" box="[465,702,1648,1675]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Temnothorax poldii</emphasis>
Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68725F14BFBE39F5AFBB20FAF" box="[1032,1123,1649,1675]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448725F14BFEB79FBFFAA00E8E" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" type="description">
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<uri id="F0693ACD8725F14BFEB79FBFFB060F8B" box="[348,1239,1684,1711]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFD339F9CFC8A0FF5" blockId="17.[348,1239,1648,1745]" box="[728,859,1719,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8725F14BFD339F9CFC8A0FF5" box="[728,859,1719,1745]" captionStart="Figs 46–63" captionStartId="20.[189,242,1742,1768]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 46–63. Specimens of Temnothorax poldii Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 46–48. Holotype worker from MonteArso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041545). 49–51. Worker from Vallone Madonne degli Angeli (Madonie, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041546). 52– 54. Paratype worker from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041547). 55–57. Worker from Monte Manfrè (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041548), with ergatogynes characters in the mesosoma. 58– 60. Paratype queen from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041549). 61–63. Paratype male from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041550). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981172/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Figs 46–63</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<heading id="DF0F81A38725F14BFF569FD3FDB50E36" bold="true" box="[189,612,1784,1811]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8725F14BFF569FD3FDB50E36" bold="true" box="[189,612,1784,1811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">Diagnostic character combination</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8725F14BFF569E0CFAA00E8E" blockId="17.[189,1401,1831,1963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="160">
Antennal clubs concolorous and ferruginous, 12-segmented in females and
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males, eyes normal, metanotal groove absent, worker propodeal spines long, male propodeal spines absent, petiole upper profile usually with a clear horizontal component, subpetiolar process tooth-like, sculpturing characterized by distinct rugae, especially in larger workers, and a shiny area at the center of the frons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448726F148FF569822FA8E0851" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569822FE950807" blockId="18.[189,324,265,291]" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="DF0F81A38726F148FF569822FE950807" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8726F148FF569822FE950807" bold="true" box="[189,324,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF56981CFA8E0851" blockId="18.[188,1398,311,373]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">This species is dedicated to the Italian physician and amateur myrmecologist Bruno Poldi (1920–2002), which has also been a mentor and friend to Antonio Alicata in his early approach to the study of ants.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448726F148FF5698B0FDAC0A62" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF5698B0FE7B0891" blockId="18.[189,426,411,437]" box="[189,426,411,437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="DF0F81A38726F148FF5698B0FE7B0891" bold="true" box="[189,426,411,437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8726F148FF5698B0FE7B0891" bold="true" box="[189,426,411,437]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF5698E0FC280B2C" blockId="18.[189,1398,458,520]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
We investigated 62 colony samples from 21 localities, consisting in a total of
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FBAF98E1FB4608CD" box="[1092,1175,458,489]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="worker">820 ☿☿</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FB4D98E1FB3908C1" box="[1190,1256,458,485]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FB1E98E1FAE608C1" box="[1269,1335,458,485]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
from our collections. A detailed list is provided in the Supp. file 1: Table S1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569B04FEBD0B6D" blockId="18.[189,364,559,585]" box="[189,364,559,585]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="DF0F81A38726F148FF569B04FEBD0B6D" bold="true" box="[189,364,559,585]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8726F148FF569B04FEBD0B6D" bold="true" box="[189,364,559,585]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF019B76FB1F0BBF" blockId="18.[189,1230,605,672]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<materialsCitation id="34903C928726F148FF019B76FB1F0BBF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755313" collectingDate="1992-08-14" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata" country="Italy" latitude="37.7564" location="Monte Arso" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.9103" municipality="Monte Arso" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-queen="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8726F148FF019B76FE8D0B53" bold="true" box="[234,348,605,631]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<typeStatus id="5B43886D8726F148FF019B76FE8D0B53" box="[234,348,605,631]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="FCEF765F8726F148FF569BAAFEDE0BBF" box="[189,271,641,667]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">ITALY</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FEC39BAEFEED0B84" box="[296,316,645,672]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="queen">☿</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6423ACB58726F148FEA39BAAFE060BBF" box="[328,471,641,667]" country="Italy" latitude="37.7564" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.9103" name="Monte Arso" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Monte Arso</collectingMunicipality>
;
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC50088726F148FE089BABFDBB0BBF" box="[483,618,640,667]" degrees="37.7564" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" precision="5" value="37.7564">37.7564° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC50088726F148FD929BAAFD2C0BBF" box="[633,765,641,667]" degrees="14.9103" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" precision="5" value="14.9103">14.9103° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="F046100F8726F148FCE79BAAFC7F0BBF" box="[780,942,641,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" value="1992-08-14">
<collectingDate id="E002E9E78726F148FCE79BAAFC7F0BBF" box="[780,942,641,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" value="1992-08-14">14 Aug. 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="290D53198726F148FC529BAAFBE10BBE" box="[953,1072,640,667]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">A. Alicata</collectorName>
leg.;
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.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF019BE9FDAC0A62" blockId="18.[189,1398,706,838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<materialsCitation id="34903C928726F148FF019BE9FC480BDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755305" collectingDate="1992-08-14" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata" country="Italy" latitude="37.7564" location="ITALY" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.9103" municipality="Monte Arso" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-worker="8" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="5B43886D8726F148FF019BE9FEB60BF8" box="[234,359,706,732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(30 ☿☿, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂)
<collectingCountry id="FCEF765F8726F148FF569BCEFEDE0BDB" box="[189,271,741,767]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">ITALY</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FEC89BCEFE860A20" box="[291,343,741,772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="worker">8 ☿☿</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FE8F9BCEFE5E0A24" box="[356,399,741,768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A8726F148FCAF9BCEFC480BDB" box="[836,921,741,767]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale &quot;Giacomo Doria&quot;" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">MSNG</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="34903C928726F148FC459BCEFCD60A07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755306" collectingDate="1992-08-18" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata" country="Italy" latitude="37.7514" location="Monte Ruvolo" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.8907" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-queens="17" specimenCount-worker="17">
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FC459BCEFC210A20" box="[942,1008,741,772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="queens">17 ☿☿</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FC169BCEFBFB0A24" box="[1021,1066,741,768]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
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;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC50088726F148FF569A22FE900A07" box="[189,321,777,803]" degrees="14.8907" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" precision="5" value="14.8907">14.8907° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="F046100F8726F148FEBB9A22FE200A07" box="[336,497,777,803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" value="1992-08-18">
<collectingDate id="E002E9E78726F148FEBB9A22FE200A07" box="[336,497,777,803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" value="1992-08-18">18 Aug. 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="290D53198726F148FE109A22FDA00A06" box="[507,625,776,803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">A. Alicata</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A8726F148FD599A22FCD60A07" box="[690,775,777,803]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale &quot;Giacomo Doria&quot;" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">MSNG</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="34903C928726F148FCF59A23FDA80A62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3886755315" collectingDate="1992-05-24" collectionCode="MSNG" collectorName="A. Alicata" country="Italy" latitude="37.6735" location="Monte Manfre" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.9814" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-queens="5" specimenCount-worker="5">
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FCF59A23FC850A03" box="[798,852,776,807]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="queens">5 ☿☿</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FC899A22FC5E0A07" box="[866,911,777,803]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="812760148726F148FC769A22FB9B0A06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C5187D98725F14FFE3A9F5BFEE30C20:812760148726F148FC769A22FB9B0A06" box="[925,1098,776,803]" country="Italy" latitude="37.6735" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="14.9814" name="Monte Manfre" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Monte Manfrè</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC50088726F148FBBE9A23FB0D0A07" box="[1109,1244,776,803]" degrees="37.6735" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" precision="5" value="37.6735">37.6735° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E1CC50088726F148FB009A22FABF0A07" box="[1259,1390,777,803]" degrees="14.9814" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" precision="5" value="14.9814">14.9814° E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="F046100F8726F148FF569A07FE8C0A62" box="[189,349,812,838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" value="1992-05-24">
<collectingDate id="E002E9E78726F148FF569A07FE8C0A62" box="[189,349,812,838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" value="1992-05-24">24 May 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="290D53198726F148FE8C9A07FE0E0A62" box="[359,479,812,838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">A. Alicata</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="E2E9AE0A8726F148FDCB9A07FDA80A62" box="[544,633,812,838]" collectionName="Italy, Genova, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale &quot;Giacomo Doria&quot;" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">MSNG</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448726F14FFF569A46FDC1089F" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569A46FE9F0AA3" blockId="18.[189,334,877,903]" box="[189,334,877,903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="DF0F81A38726F148FF569A46FE9F0AA3" bold="true" box="[189,334,877,903]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8726F148FF569A46FE9F0AA3" bold="true" box="[189,334,877,903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF019AB7FE3B0A92" blockId="18.[189,1399,923,1231]" box="[234,490,923,950]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8726F148FF019AB7FE9A0A92" bold="true" box="[234,331,924,950]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Worker</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8726F148FEB09AB0FE330A92" box="[347,482,923,950]" captionStart="Figs 46–63" captionStartId="20.[189,242,1742,1768]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 46–63. Specimens of Temnothorax poldii Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 46–48. Holotype worker from MonteArso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041545). 49–51. Worker from Vallone Madonne degli Angeli (Madonie, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041546). 52– 54. Paratype worker from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041547). 55–57. Worker from Monte Manfrè (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041548), with ergatogynes characters in the mesosoma. 58– 60. Paratype queen from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041549). 61–63. Paratype male from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041550). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981172/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">Figs 46–57</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569A94FE9F0DEB" blockId="18.[189,1399,923,1231]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468726F148FDFC9A94FD6D0AFD" box="[535,700,959,985]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
, 5 localities, 6 colonies). CL: 694.91 ± 54.72 (636–771); CW: 626.18 ± 62.94 (529–724); CS: 660.54 ± 57.86 (585–747); PoOC: 291 ± 21.32 (268–322); SL: 538.91 ± 46.76 (481–614); ML: 784.36 ± 77.51 (671–905); MW: 384.91 ± 16.16 (324–460); EL: 137.82 ± 16.16 (111–159); EW: 102 ± 11.54 (87–120); EYE: 119.91 ± 13 (99–138); SPST: 192 ± 29.76 (148–239); CL/CW: 1.11 ± 0.04 (1.06–1.21); PoOC/CL: 0.42 ± 0.01 (0.40–0.43); SL/CL: 0.77 ± 0.02 (0.75–0.81); ML/CS: 1.18 ± 0.05 (1.10–1.28); MW/CS: 0.58 ± 0.03 (0.54–0.64); EL/CS: 0.21 ± 0.01 (0.18–0.23); EW/CS: 0.15 ± 0.01 (0.14–0.16); EYE/CS: 0.18 ± 0.01 (0.16–0.19); SPST/CS: 0.29 ± 0.02 (0.24–0.32).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569DDCFB110C10" blockId="18.[189,1398,1271,1332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">COLORATION. Entirely ferruginous with the possible exception of the gaster, which varies from slightly darker than the rest of the ant to substantially black in a minority of examined colonies.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569C77FB520C98" blockId="18.[189,1399,1371,1468]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">HEAD. Subrectangular with rounded margins near the four angles; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 12 segments, antennal clubs of 3 segments, antennal scapes relatively long (SL/CL: 0.77 ± 0.02). Compound eyes relatively small and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.18 ± 0.01).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569CCFFB8D0F04" blockId="18.[189,1399,1507,1569]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">MESOSOMA. Without a metanotal depression, its dorsal profile being from usually rounded in lateral view. Propodeal spines relatively long and moderately thick (SPST/CS: 0.29 ± 0.02).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F148FF569F63FB750F8D" blockId="18.[189,1399,1608,1705]" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">METASOMA. Petiole in profile view relatively high, usually presenting a clear dorsal horizontal component in profile view. On its antero-ventral part, the subpetiolar process is usually visible, consisting of a small tooth. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in lateral profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8726F149FF569FFBFC700862" blockId="18.[188,1399,1743,1981]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="18" pageNumber="161">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Body sculpture relatively strong, with well-marked longitudinal rugae on the mesosoma, head sides, more variably on the dorsal surfaces of the waist segments. Development of anastomoses and variably finer areolate-rugose areas between the strong longitudinal rugae is quite variable in many areas, but usually absent in the lateral sides of the pronotum. Completely smooth areas are often observed between the larger rugae. The waist segments and some areas of the mesosoma may be entirely characterized by a finer areolate-rugose sculpture not interrupted by strong rugae. The gaster, appendages, and a long area from the clypeus to the occiput through the frons are smooth. Very sparse, occasionally suberect but usually erect setae all over the body; dense, fine, and mostly adpressed pilosity on all appendages, especially abundant on the antennal flagelli.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF019846FE0B08AC" blockId="19.[189,1399,365,533]" box="[234,474,365,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8727F149FF019846FEEA08A3" bold="true" box="[234,315,365,391]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">Queen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8727F149FEA09845FE0308AC" box="[331,466,365,392]" captionStart="Figs 46–63" captionStartId="20.[189,242,1742,1768]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 46–63. Specimens of Temnothorax poldii Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 46–48. Holotype worker from MonteArso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041545). 49–51. Worker from Vallone Madonne degli Angeli (Madonie, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041546). 52– 54. Paratype worker from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041547). 55–57. Worker from Monte Manfrè (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041548), with ergatogynes characters in the mesosoma. 58– 60. Paratype queen from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041549). 61–63. Paratype male from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041550). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981172/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">Figs 58–60</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF5698BAFAFF0B31" blockId="19.[189,1399,365,533]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468727F149FDEA98BAFD40088F" box="[513,657,401,427]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
, 2 localities). CL: 823–841; CW: 771–784; CS: 797–812; PoOC: 325–335; SL: 635–655; ML: 1368–1408; MW: 860–904; EL: 229–239; EW: 177–179; EYE: 204–208; SPST: 280–298; CL/CW: 1.03–1.03; PoOC/CL: 0.39–0.41; SL/CL:0.77–0.78; ML/CS: 1.71–1.73; MW/ CS: 1.08–1.11; EL/CS: 0.29–0.29; EW/CS: 0.22–0.22; EYE/CS: 0.25–0.26; SPST/CS: 0.34–0.37.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569B17FD200B72" blockId="19.[189,753,572,598]" box="[189,753,572,598]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">COLORATION. Entirely ferruginous, gaster darker.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569B55FB870BFA" blockId="19.[189,1399,637,734]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">HEAD. Subrectangular with rounded margins near the four angles; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 12 segments, antennal clubs of 3 segments, antennal scapes relatively long (SL/CL:0.77– 0.78). Compound eyes large and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.25–0.26); ocelli circular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569A2DFC080A3B" blockId="19.[189,985,773,800]" box="[189,985,773,800]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">MESOSOMA. Propodeal spines relatively long (SPST/CS: 0.34–0.37).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569A6CFEB80A83" blockId="19.[189,1399,838,935]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">METASOMA. The petiole in profile view is sharp, lacking a horizontal component dorsally. The subpetiolar process is usually visible as a small tooth. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in lateral profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569AE5FEC70D9F" blockId="19.[189,1400,974,1211]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Most of the body is covered with relatively fine parallel rugae with almost no anastomoses except for parts of the head, a fine areolate sculpture is visible in parts of the propodeum and nodes. Clypeus, gaster, and appendages, a variable area extending around the frons, the lower areas of the katepisterna and partly the mesoscutellar disk smooth. A central longitudinal stria visible in the lower portion of the clypeus. Very sparse, occasionally suberect but usually erect setae all over the body; dense, fine, and mostly adpressed pilosity on all appendages, especially abundant on the antennal flagelli.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF019DC8FE160DD9" blockId="19.[189,1399,1251,1524]" box="[234,455,1251,1277]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8727F149FF019DC8FEFB0DD9" bold="true" box="[234,298,1251,1277]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8727F149FED29DC8FE110DD9" box="[313,448,1251,1277]" captionStart="Figs 46–63" captionStartId="20.[189,242,1742,1768]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[189,1397,266,1701]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 46–63. Specimens of Temnothorax poldii Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 46–48. Holotype worker from MonteArso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041545). 49–51. Worker from Vallone Madonne degli Angeli (Madonie, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041546). 52– 54. Paratype worker from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041547). 55–57. Worker from Monte Manfrè (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041548), with ergatogynes characters in the mesosoma. 58– 60. Paratype queen from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041549). 61–63. Paratype male from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041550). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981172/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">Figs 61–63</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569C2CFE0B0CD0" blockId="19.[189,1399,1251,1524]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES (
<specimenCount id="92FEFD468727F149FDEE9C2DFD460C04" box="[517,663,1286,1312]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, 2 localities). CL: 574.67 ± 14.01 (559–586); CW: 554.33 ± 8.38 (549–564); CS: 564.5 ± 9.26 (554–571); PoOC: 237.67 ± 3.05 (235–241); SL: 207.67 ± 3.05 (205– 211); ML: 1024 ± 14.42 (1008–1036); MW: 608 ± 15 (593–623); EL: 235.33 ± 3.78 (231–238); EW: 191.67 ± 5.03 (187–197); EYE: 213.5 ± 1.32 (212–214); CL/CW: 1.02 ± 0.01 (1.01–1.03); PoOC/CS: 0.41 ± 0.01 (0.40–0.43); SL/CL: 0.36 ± 0.01 (0.35–0.37); ML/CS: 1.81 ± 0.01 (1.80–1.82); MW/CS: 1.07 ± 0.04 (1.04–0.12); EL/CS: 0.42 ± 0.00 (0.41–0.42); EW/CS: 0.34 ± 0.01 (0.32–0.35); EYE/CS: 0.37 ± 0.00 (0.37–0.38).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569F30FC220F11" blockId="19.[189,1011,1563,1589]" box="[189,1011,1563,1589]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">COLORATION. Whole body dark reddish-brownish, appendages whitish.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569F76FBCD0F99" blockId="19.[189,1399,1628,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">HEAD. Subrectangular, rounded especially above the eyes; clypeus and mandibles rounded. Antennae of 13 segments, antennal clubs of 4 segments, antennal scapes relatively short (SL/CL: 0.36 ± 0.01). Compound eyes large and ovoidal (EYE/CS: 0.37 ± 0.00); ocelli circular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569FCEFD320FDA" blockId="19.[189,739,1764,1791]" box="[189,739,1764,1791]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">MESOSOMA. Propodeum spineless and rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569E0DFEB80E47" blockId="19.[189,1399,1829,1891]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">METASOMA. Petiole ordinarily low and blunt. Postpetiole ordinarily roundish in profile, subrectangular in dorsal view.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8727F149FF569EA1FB290EE3" blockId="19.[189,1399,1930,1992]" pageId="19" pageNumber="162">SURFACE SCULPTURING. Rugulose-areolate sculpture on head and propodeum, everything else smooth. Sparse erect setae all over the body; fine and mostly adpressed pilosity over the appendages.</paragraph>
<caption id="D08766478720F14EFF569FE5FBC20EC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6981172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981172/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="163" startId="20.[189,242,1742,1768]" targetBox="[189,1397,266,1701]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="844736CF8720F14EFF569FE5FBC20EC4" blockId="20.[187,1399,1742,2016]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFF569FE5FE990FCD" bold="true" box="[189,328,1742,1769]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">Figs 46–63.</emphasis>
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8720F14EFE189FE4FBC90FCD" authority="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityName="Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[499,1048,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poldii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFE189FE4FD080FCD" box="[499,729,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">Temnothorax poldii</emphasis>
Alicata, Schifani &amp; Prebus
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68720F14EFBF59FE4FBA60FCD" box="[1054,1143,1743,1769]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses.
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFE029E3EFDE20E0B" bold="true" box="[489,563,1813,1839]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">46–48</emphasis>
. Holotype worker from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041545).
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFF569E13FED70E76" bold="true" box="[189,262,1848,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">49–51</emphasis>
. Worker from Vallone Madonne degli Angeli (Madonie, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041546).
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFAA19E13FF0B0E51" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">52– 54</emphasis>
. Paratype worker from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041547).
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFB979E77FB170E52" bold="true" box="[1148,1222,1884,1910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">55–57</emphasis>
. Worker from Monte Manfrè (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041548), with ergatogynes characters in the mesosoma.
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFAA19E54FF0B0E98" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">58– 60</emphasis>
. Paratype queen from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041549).
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8720F14EFBD99E89FBAA0E98" bold="true" box="[1074,1147,1954,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="163">61–63</emphasis>
. Paratype male from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041550). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569822FE7C0807" blockId="21.[189,429,264,291]" box="[189,429,264,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF569822FEEE0807" bold="true" box="[189,319,265,291]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Phylogeny</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8721F14FFEA49823FE740807" box="[335,421,264,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1886,1912]" captionTargetBox="[190,1391,601,1836]" captionTargetId="graphics-79@25.[190,1312,604,1837]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 79. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred with IQTREE ver. 2.1.2. The major clades found in Prebus (2017) are highlighted, and the focal species of the current study (all within the ‘Palearctic clade IV’) are evidenced as in Figs 75–78. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support for all nodes are 100, except where indicated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981182/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF56981CFDC1089F" blockId="21.[189,1399,311,443]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
Appearing as the sister taxon of
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8721F14FFDD4981CFBDA0875" authority="(Menozzi, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Menozzi" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[575,1035,311,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibericus">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFDD4981CFCEE0875" box="[575,831,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Temnothorax ibericus</emphasis>
(Menozzi, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
among the sequenced species.
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8721F14FFF559871FE6E0850" baseAuthorityName="Menozzi" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[190,447,346,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibericus">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF559871FE6E0850" box="[190,447,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Temnothorax ibericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a mountain species like
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8721F14FFCE89870FCB40850" authority="Schifani &amp; Prebus &amp; Alicata, 2022" authorityName="Schifani &amp; Prebus &amp; Alicata" authorityYear="2022" box="[771,869,346,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poldii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFCE89870FCB40850" box="[771,869,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">T. poldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68721F14FFC869870FC180851" box="[877,969,347,373]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="FCEF765F8721F14FFB479871FB210850" box="[1196,1264,346,372]" name="Georgia" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Iberia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E0694B3E8721F14FFAEA9871FE9208BC" author="Espadaler X. &amp; Sanchez-Garcia D. &amp; Garcia-Garcia F." pageId="21" pageNumber="164" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref17514" refString="Espadaler X., Sanchez-Garcia D. &amp; Garcia-Garcia F. 2017. Temnothorax ibericus Menozzi (1922), un endemismo iberico orofilo (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Iberomyrmex 9: 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="2017">
Espadaler
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF559855FF2A08B3" box="[190,251,381,407]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), but the two species are not particularly similar in broad morphological terms, and close relatedness appears unlikely.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448721F14FFF5698C9FEE50BB0" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF5698C9FD0C08D8" blockId="21.[189,733,482,508]" box="[189,733,482,508]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF5698C9FDEE08D8" bold="true" box="[189,575,482,508]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Distribution and biogeography</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8721F14FFDA498C9FD0408D8" box="[591,725,482,508]" captionStart="Figs 80–81" captionStartId="26.[189,242,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetId="figure-14@26.[189,1398,268,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figs 80–81. Geographic distribution of the four taxa treated in this study. Note that the shallow water area (light grey) between Sicily and the Maltese Islands roughly corresponded to a land bridge during glaciations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981184/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Figs 80–81</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569B3AFEE50BB0" blockId="21.[187,1399,529,660]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
Occurs almost all over
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8721F14FFE209B3AFDDE0B0F" box="[459,527,529,555]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Sicily</collectingRegion>
(although its ecological requirements clearly make it less widespread than
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8721F14FFF569B1EFEE80B6A" baseAuthorityName="Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[189,313,564,590]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lagrecai">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF569B1EFEE80B6A" box="[189,313,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">T. lagrecai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, e.g., absence from the westernmost section may be due to aridity and lack of suitable forests). An apparently similar niche is occupied by
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8721F14FFD269B73FC900B55" authorityName="Schulz, Heinze &amp; Pusch" authorityYear="2007" box="[717,833,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFD269B73FC900B55" box="[717,833,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the southern Italian Peninsula (Aspromonte,
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8721F14FFF549B51FEF90BB0" box="[191,296,634,660]" country="Italy" name="Calabria" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Calabria</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCE265448721F14FFF569B97FEE30C20" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569B97FDBC0BF2" blockId="21.[189,621,699,726]" box="[189,621,699,726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF569B97FE2F0BF1" bold="true" box="[189,510,699,726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Ecology and conservation</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1CC32A4A8721F14FFDE59B97FDB50BF2" box="[526,612,700,726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,786,812]" captionTargetBox="[517,1055,275,721]" captionTargetId="figure-309@27.[506,1081,272,733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 82. Spatial characterization of the sites where the four species treated in this study were found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6981188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6981188/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569BC1FC970A4A" blockId="21.[189,1399,746,878]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
Collected between 340 and
<quantity id="43009B2A8721F14FFDEE9BC1FD8F0A21" box="[517,606,746,773]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6119999999999997" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" unit="m" value="1612.0">1612 m</quantity>
a.s.l., mostly in hilly to mountainous conditions, always under tree coverage, usually consisting of different oak species. Massive historic deforestation of
<collectingRegion id="463CF82D8721F14FFB0F9A26FAF90A03" box="[1252,1320,781,807]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Sicily</collectingRegion>
likely resulted in a huge habitat loss and fragmentation into isolated populations at least outside the mountain chains along the Tyrrhenian coast (Sicilian Apennines).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569ABEFECD0A8B" blockId="21.[189,284,917,943]" box="[189,284,917,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="DF0F81A38721F14FFF569ABEFECD0A8B" bold="true" box="[189,284,917,943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF569ABEFECD0A8B" bold="true" box="[189,284,917,943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Nesting</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569AEFFEE10D25" blockId="21.[189,1399,964,1025]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Nests are found in the soil, probably opportunistically exploiting several kinds of microhabitats when available.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569D03FECD0D66" blockId="21.[189,284,1064,1090]" box="[189,284,1064,1090]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="DF0F81A38721F14FFF569D03FECD0D66" bold="true" box="[189,284,1064,1090]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF569D03FECD0D66" bold="true" box="[189,284,1064,1090]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569D7CFDAF0D55" blockId="21.[189,638,1111,1137]" box="[189,638,1111,1137]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Monogynous in all documented cases.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569DB3FEEE0D96" blockId="21.[189,319,1176,1202]" box="[189,319,1176,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="DF0F81A38721F14FFF569DB3FEEE0D96" bold="true" box="[189,319,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFF569DB3FEEE0D96" bold="true" box="[189,319,1176,1202]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">Phenology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="844736CF8721F14FFF569DECFEE30C20" blockId="21.[189,1399,1223,1284]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">
Males inside nests of
<taxonomicName id="43F84D4C8721F14FFE569DE3FDCF0DC5" authority="Schifani &amp; Prebus &amp; Alicata, 2022" authorityName="Schifani &amp; Prebus &amp; Alicata" authorityYear="2022" box="[445,542,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poldii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B68CEADD8721F14FFE569DE3FDCF0DC5" box="[445,542,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="164">T. poldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADBF57A68721F14FFDCD9DECFD510DC5" box="[550,640,1223,1249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were found in August, but the time when nuptial flights occur is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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