212 lines
21 KiB
XML
212 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="A6F2C25D253CECB987D07BA26BBE9EF7" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efaaff94-5840-43da-b0f8-960cf6019cf8" ModsDocID="z00287p001" checkinTime="1246633761297" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="James S. Albert & William G. R. Crampton" docDate="2003" docId="0C0E298EBCB529E383F8AB876EBA9556" docLanguage="en" docName="2003_Albert_Crampton_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 287" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470" docTitle="Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton, 2003, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="48B8827A5885C5F6BDE72CC2E6AFA433" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus)." masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1701313890373" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B6F8D377036E616E24580E670536A1C8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6499CBF2AF5200CE471621E1E1C468F1">
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<mods:title id="19BE6ECA43D301FF1568C069A17C27AD">Seven new species of the Neotropical electric fish Gymnotus (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes) with a redescription of G. carapo (Linnaeus).</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B3EAEA0C6D572CCF3F82B2372E72F978" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3530D3EF27B8A83C918FA3168A8E33B4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8E249B55BDDA2236F3D1D91488DA57FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FAC3C3C2832ED0D8C0BB0AEDECB9CEF4">James S. Albert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F8777C04C59CF655685F4FFE93991055" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AFB9FE2A049EA24330CFB7058010C2C9">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C7F7AE82908664148327CC0AD781AABD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="00B61EB3533983E49D6C391A25A6F50F">William G. R. Crampton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="971EF13DA9D21FEBB18AB8C983AC878C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="55CF16B63C477B48CCDCC4A493F12B61">
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<mods:title id="BF1EA925BDAD807C1EDD09804AA45FBB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1CD5D4BB0BA5D43776B083B2BEBE48F1">
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<mods:date id="D5814FB586A6E9D89B39007B68F11B71">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2DF21FDED8318E6765EEADFFCB53156B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A42FA9D9B260F17AAB92CC99FC037838">287</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="496D8818FD6492815DA3BE443163B464" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="D8743F199AD34C31C7001834F1D8C185">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C2204BA25CBE90D1C6A4F61C231CC868">54</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="2DFA1712CCC5AB93B38591BAD7A1DB49">
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<mods:url id="F90F150AE5C2844824E50CA2628D750D">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19CA5B52-4CA5-45CC-A4C7-B234596A8470</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="1182ACFCF0B6F40C32AD6D66ED3CDDBA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2983996D4C0D32CDE1A00C8C83745FA9" type="Plazi-Custom">z00287p001</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0C0E298EBCB529E383F8AB876EBA9556" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6273866" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6273866" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF3BB1D5-EC0F-4007-9842-9E8639DFBF95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C0E298EBCB529E383F8AB876EBA9556" lastPageNumber="39" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="8A19D9A5F20D234621ADCCF150731AFC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B2721FADD8DECAE78FF453973E67EDA9" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="7C65EF78CBE08EC6BCF4F4FF768FE58E" ID-CoL="6KVLZ" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF3BB1D5-EC0F-4007-9842-9E8639DFBF95" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton 2003:36" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigre">Gymnotus tigre</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="68B9B50DA1D8161AD6BCD60514DA2971" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Albert and Crampton
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72A494C7FA55D73ECB0FE65CC25AEC9D" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5FAF2582649334EB909D64A4D12ACAA6" pageNumber="36">(Fig. 8; Tables 2 and 3)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="138D51DB559E9FC27EBED8175A09DE02" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CCED4D8622A5793638940CCB30A0EE77" pageNumber="36">
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<materialsCitation id="90F446640792F3EFB7EB75FD2B71ADE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930767" country="Colombia" stateProvince="Amazonas Department">
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<typeStatus id="27219A445EEF3A18F082B97121F8CD86">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="60CE6B072CBEA11FF0E448DE3167B1DB">UF</collectionCode>
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25552, 411 mm, collected 11 November, 1973, in floating macrophytes along north shore of
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<normalizedToken id="7039CBB9747BB4BCF0A9DF83C38A545B" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Amazonas nr. Leticia,
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<collectingCountry id="5E5039684DD552CA0AE629748ABA2222">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="60525E6167596114A3CA592361CBA6AF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-4.15">04°09'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7751F5EB094A0137A8F43E1CA1AA6505" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-69.95">69°57'W</geoCoordinate>
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) by D. Taphorn.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="454BE3ABE958745B09FCE6183D026DA8" pageNumber="36">
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<materialsCitation id="14389D9708D3C8810C93BED0A8A2BD5A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930783" country="Colombia" stateProvince="Amazonas Department">
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<typeStatus id="090F945154FC8E287264818E72FEC724">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="2452F8C4A5BFD104248D22235004605C">UF</collectionCode>
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128412 (1), 332 mm, collected with holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="F33296A4931EE2549248777B5F770311" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930780" country="Colombia" stateProvince="Amazonas Department">
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<collectionCode id="FAEAB9400AFAA50B9952DC3E2C54C573">ICNMHN</collectionCode>
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6690 (1), 340 mm, 26 July, 1992, same locality data as holotype by L. Jimenez.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CD155021D9C21D885B884173794EC1E7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9442F71A75B3A35A9B382621A7DB31EB" pageNumber="36">
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Nontypes: 5 lots with 5 specimens.
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<materialsCitation id="4ED7AD2B57C1E407B955EACBB845871C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930784" country="Colombia" stateProvince="Amazonas Department">
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<collectionCode id="1E15417680EA4D363D25FB456BE4D859" collectionName="IAVHP">IAVHP</collectionCode>
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0615 (1), 179 mm, regenerated caudal appendage, 19 September, 1973, nr. Leticia,
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<collectingRegion id="D80354F6D451C1EBD87A90BD0A1104F8">Amazonas Department</collectingRegion>
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, Rio Amazonas,
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<collectingCountry id="B0E2AAC76D073C9B0C04FC1303CDC329">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="4A65A9407697D9F2DB337538FF4AC082" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-4.15">04°09'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="64C10A1FC006CB03718F69FE688795B3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-69.95">69°57'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="57DD3BC6E8246ACDFB34D49A27658F66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930785" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Para State">
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<collectionCode id="D870308E6962730786378942026CAD10" collectionName="Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoonia, Colecao Sistematica da Entomologia">INPA</collectionCode>
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6814 (1), 113 mm, 20 October, 1991, at Ilha Terra Grande, Rio Jamanxim, Rio
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<normalizedToken id="27C5E685AEEB030FB552E872AC0ED061" originalValue="Tapajós">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
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drainage,
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<collectingRegion id="672AC31786BC1FB35C2005CEEAD0EFB0">
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<normalizedToken id="905D330EA57F2FEB155A993592C84037" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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State
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="98314459E980CB79F01A6779FF46687A">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="F2697D0286EDA56CD3AC1A3AC5A2B968" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930786" country="Peru" stateProvince="Pastaza Department">
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<collectionCode id="5FF7F00FC1DFCA5B300BA8106F1A4668" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)">FMNH</collectionCode>
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97389 (1), 292 mm, November, 1956, at
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<normalizedToken id="FA1166038B96EB6125638000B19DB5D6" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Bobonaza, nr. Canelos,
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<normalizedToken id="6C9D67483559469A88D3001344C0F829" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Pastaza drainage,
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<collectingRegion id="11C354463D7E83012C98176F0A28F3BE">Pastaza Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EC5F2E2BC199C24525912D16C35CAFBD">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="37C01AF23B21EFAC2C12095130B71B32" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-1.65">01°39'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EECDF15F05B17300CC6DE5BC74A16584" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-77.76667">77°46'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="4BBA1D99EB2CB62657D5F86A4570B189" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930768" country="Peru" stateProvince="Loreto Department">
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<collectionCode id="A7686B298AC31A7BC6D63D552D294F02">UF</collectionCode>
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117112 (5), 89-171 mm, acquired from fishermen
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<date id="6E43DCF6866E92322E5CC18F2683980F" day="04" month="01" value="1993-01-04" year="1993">04 January 1993</date>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="B9D11062CA1CCA4BD7A6B4C9A0A9FE84" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Amazonas nr. Iquitos,
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<collectingRegion id="38B13EB8F6145CA8C64648925FF69D16">Loreto Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="C0B80EBD0C5109EE6DAF0D9E81E0ACC3">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="F1280F2668E319FB0387B49B802EF504" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-3.7666667">03°46'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="397225EE2A0F443524E3AEA6B40EB0E5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-73.25">73°15'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="6800637921B817808B9966F94FF1BAA1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930770" country="Peru" stateProvince="Loreto Department">
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<collectionCode id="644FAC4D747B0951BD28CC9FF722A05A">UF</collectionCode>
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122821 (1), 331 mm, acquired from fishermen 28 May, 2002, same locality data as UF 117112.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="FE4FE670013C80385970AF6E49CDFFA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923930769" country="Peru" stateProvince="Loreto Department">
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<collectionCode id="E67ADD0169D4486D4E6CE10167036F8E" collectionName="NRM">NRM</collectionCode>
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27644 (1), 104 mm,
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<date id="E63B2863611EDCD20B0ED5B5C4BDF98A" day="02" month="07" value="1986-07-02" year="1986">02 July 1986</date>
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at El Estrecho,
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<normalizedToken id="06E8D5914BB781E0DF16D2A34C5F0855" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Putumayo,
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<collectingRegion id="BB0CD6AAB41AC3FD510F53B057EC0B0A">Loreto Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="FAD8ABA64F8E3CB31AA1892764E181B8">Peru</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="4621221BFDA8576CFE615D68815FF86F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-2.4666667">02°28'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8CFB6DF40FB4ABFFAC986D6A713882ED" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-72.7">72°42'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95D13208E91366F8ACC219E1998B4BB0" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B36DC42C50F0EA3CE946E7B38F2E97A8" lastPageNumber="38" pageNumber="37">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="EFC146F679D99683474332FD3C128782" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF3BB1D5-EC0F-4007-9842-9E8639DFBF95" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton 2003:36" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigre">Gymnotus tigre</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all congeners except
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<taxonomicName id="0517D557944D0B4F0BE081AEC5EF23BC" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henni">G. henni</taxonomicName>
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(from the Pacific Slope of Colombia) by the presence of irregular pale-yellow blotches on chin, behind and under eyes, over opercle, and between eyes.
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<taxonomicName id="131D24C21C20CB99F5BF23AECA460DE0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF3BB1D5-EC0F-4007-9842-9E8639DFBF95" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton 2003:36" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigre">Gymnotus tigre</taxonomicName>
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can be further distinguished from other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="12EEA3BF3E0C9DF607634059E5E89436" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group (except
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<taxonomicName id="A915A99206787B0CFA0A8398783A4A44" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henni">G. henni</taxonomicName>
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) by: 1, pale yellow bands on body with straight, high contrast margins, as broad or broader than brown bands anteriorly; 2, obliquely oriented hyaline and dark stripes at caudal end of anal fin.
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<taxonomicName id="BA8523FF0E7047605DFD7788F729031F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF3BB1D5-EC0F-4007-9842-9E8639DFBF95" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton 2003:36" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigre">Gymnotus tigre</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="697B70149BD6D572AD55D7B368D14A9A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group except
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<taxonomicName id="5F644B1769C4ED2FD6306AE0D7DBBA3D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
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(from the Pacific Slope of Ecuador) by the presence of more (46-48; mode 47 vs. 32-44) precaudal vertebrae, and from
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<taxonomicName id="88A908788E2155BC0160307BD78AC719" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C72371EB-1F36-4B31-BB09-939C3D801A08" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus esmeraldas Albert & Crampton 2003:30" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="esmeraldas">G. esmeraldas</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of pigment bands.
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<taxonomicName id="A77379E6316C1E8C9A84EE886C84E56C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF3BB1D5-EC0F-4007-9842-9E8639DFBF95" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton 2003:36" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigre">Gymnotus tigre</taxonomicName>
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can be further distinguished from other taxa of the
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<taxonomicName id="626C366C0DBBA4D1DEA16D33EF481F1B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5F46381A-E70B-478D-9692-D0720712B71B" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus 1758:246" order="Gymnotiformes" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">G. carapo</taxonomicName>
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species-group by the unique combination of character states provided in Table 4.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4622DA7E9EB12427627ECEBBD5879FD" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E1F1B413860B522ADF6DA41ACE1FCAFB" pageNumber="38">Description. Fig. 8 illustrates head and body shape and pigment patterns. Morphometric data in Table 2 and meristic data in Table 3. Size up to 411 mm. Size at reproductive maturity and sexual dimorphism unknown. All scales highly elongate on their anteroposterior axis; approximately 3-5 times as long as deep at midbody, 1.5-2 times as long as deep at posterior region of caudal filament, their proportional elongation increasing with body size. Gape size in mature specimens small, not to anterior nares. Mouth position superior, rictus decurved. Eye position below horizontal line with front of mouth. Anterior narial pore partially or entirely included within gape. Circumorbital series ovoid. Caudal appendage short, less 0.5 times length of pectoral fin. Single hypaxial electric organ, extending along entire ventral margin of body. Electric organ discharge not known.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A127567ADEFB9DBAEA0516B807ED30A" pageNumber="38">Many osteological features not known due to unavailability of specimens for clearing and staining; some character states were determined from radiographs. Dorsoposterior laterosensory ramus of preopercle with two superficial pores. Cranial fontanels closed in juveniles and adults. Anterior margin of frontal straight, continuous with margins of adjacent roofing bones. Frontal shape narrow, width at fourth infraorbital less than that of parietal. Anterior limb of cleithrum long, more than 1.8 times ascending limb. Rib 5 robust along its entire extent, less than 3 times width of rib 6. Displaced hemal spines absent. Multiple anal-fin ray branching posterior to rays 10-17. Lateral line dorsal rami absent in adults. Length anal-fin pterygiophores equal to or longer than hemal spines.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26ABFA046705E167E8252FA6361CC2EB" pageNumber="38">Color in alcohol. Ground color of body pale yellow without countershading. Chromatophores not concentrated along dorsum near midline. Body with 16-23 (mode 23) pairs of dark bands on extending from tip of tail onto head. Band-pairs vertical above lateral line and obliquely oriented below lateral line. Band appearance more regular anteriorly with 4-5 X or Y-shaped pale-yellow interband regions posteriorly. Band-interband margins irregular and wavy. Bands divided along entire body with margins much darker than middles, with greatest pigment densities along the outer edge of band margins. Bands meet on mid-dorsum along entire body length. Interband contrast similar along entire body axis. Three faint dark bands from either side meet on ventral midline, between anus and anal-fin origin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D204AC806E5769B7FA73D820915C82D2" pageNumber="38">Head ground-color dark chocolate with irregular pale-yellow blotches on chin, behind and under eyes, over opercle, and between eyes. Dark regions on head composed of numerous dark brown chromatophores with greatest pigment densities along outer edge of pale blotches. Branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head lightly speckled. Pectoral-fin interradial membranes dusky or hyaline. Color of anal-fin membrane graded along body axis, from light brown or hyaline anteriorly to dark brown or black posteriorly. Irregularly arranged hyaline and dark stripes extending obliquely to fin base along posterior most 10% of anal fin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E63F8C3E7BBAACEE1C5DE0BF6B105ACF" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6BBCFA18FF42962814CF4291D4DED916" pageNumber="39">
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Distribution. Known from the
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<normalizedToken id="0B6F4C264DDB1D84B106D5F8BD581319" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Amazon basin, from the
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<normalizedToken id="BA3115917219258B6E35716C0AC69E70" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Pastaza basin in Ecuador to the
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<normalizedToken id="12014F801645B6E41B9D77CA41AADEA0" originalValue="Tapajós">Tapajos</normalizedToken>
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basin in Brazil (Fig. 4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BE35D00E3C92D7607A23E3420BF084AC" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9FABBC67BA8F795B1E4D19CD35DC5D7D" pageNumber="39">Common name. Macana tigre (Peru).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DDDE2E5ACC4406A19BF1840F5A0CC24" pageNumber="39">Etymology. Specific epithet from the common name used in the local aquarium trade referring to the tiger-like markings. A noun in apposition.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |