464 lines
90 KiB
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464 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="2A059D5EE0566B7FDDC9D603796CEC80" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.507.3.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5425679" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630395277006" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Oa. Morales, Novais, Maria Helena, García, María Luján, Maidana, Nora I. & Morais, María Manuela" docDate="2021" docId="0A7FD979C34EFFF7DFC8F98E6705D1F0" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.507.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 507 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.507.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Punctastriata obstinata E. Morales, M. L. Garcia & Novais 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="264" masterDocId="F646A101C34EFFF4DF40FFC3622BD323" masterDocTitle="A new species of Punctastriata (Bacillariophyta, Fragilariophyceae) from temporary streams in southern Portugal" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="261" updateTime="1699260220705" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="718A3B14FD29A338C6B1FE23FDB5E034">A new species of Punctastriata (Bacillariophyta, Fragilariophyceae) from temporary streams in southern Portugal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D05BDD33DC90B446599D4E0883BBBB3">Oa. Morales</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5EF7CE34521FCB3C73B0D5A9D583071">Novais, Maria Helena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7C49417248A669C5FD1ADE6ABA507D45">Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P. I. T. E. Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005 - 345 Évora, Portugal & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000 - 671 Évora, Portugal & Renewable Energies Chair, University of Évora, 7000 - 651 Évora, Portugal & hnovais @ uevora. pt; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0870 - 2221</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31CA351F9FF7E4837E6D3C4D0EECB745">García, María Luján</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="800755FA7BE6A4181F8EAB8ABAE8C64D">Maidana, Nora I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA78291ECA221467ED44FDA6CF6AC2FE">Morais, María Manuela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AC3D21F8B83DFD17094CED732C45AA3">Water Laboratory, University of Évora, P. I. T. E. Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005 - 345 Évora, Portugal & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000 - 671 Évora, Portugal & mmorais @ uevora. pt; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0482 - 4309</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C78909E410CACA2D9CB52679F97EC1A0">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1EC34001FEF85AACE116AEAC75D659E8">2021</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8269686FC34EFFF4DFC8F98E66F5D544" blockId="0.[136,1452,1577,2071]" box="[136,1246,1613,1640]" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">
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<heading id="D921DF03C34EFFF4DFC8F98E66F5D544" bold="true" box="[136,1246,1613,1640]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="261" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34EFFF4DFC8F98E6103D544" authority="E.Morales, M.L.Garcia & Novais" authorityName="E. Morales, M. L. Garcia & Novais" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,808,1613,1640]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="261" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34EFFF4DFC8F98E63BED54B" bold="true" box="[136,405,1613,1640]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Punctastriata obstinata</emphasis>
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E.Morales, M.L.García & Novais
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<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34EFFF4DC6FF98D61ABD54B" bold="true" box="[815,896,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DCD6F98E6623D544" box="[918,1032,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 1–20</figureCitation>
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LM, 21–26 SEM)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8269686FC34EFFF5DFC8F9B066BDD264" blockId="0.[136,1452,1577,2071]" lastBlockId="1.[136,1452,159,327]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="262" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">
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Frustules rectangular in girdle view (
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DD59F9B060BCD5A8" box="[537,663,1651,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DDE3F9B060EBD5A8" box="[675,704,1651,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">23</figureCitation>
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), joined together by interlocking spines (
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DB3EF9B066D6D5A8" box="[1150,1277,1651,1675]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
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; chains of up to 4 cells were seen in treated samples). Valves broadly elliptical to faintly ovoid, slightly heteropolar (
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DB90F954676BD58C" box="[1232,1344,1687,1711]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 1–18</figureCitation>
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). Broadly rounded head pole (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DECBF97863E0D5F0" box="[395,459,1723,1747]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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), slightly pointier foot pole (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DC6EF978615BD5F0" box="[814,880,1723,1747]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Length 4.5–6.6 μm, width 3.7–4.8 μm, striae
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<quantity id="452EC58AC34EFFF4DA2AF97862B6D5D4" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="0" pageNumber="261" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 in</quantity>
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10 μm. Axial area narrow, zig-zag shape (
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DD18F91C60F9D5D4" box="[600,722,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
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), externally depressed with respect to virgae (
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DBF3F91C6706D5D4" box="[1203,1325,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
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). Internally, axial area at the same level as raised costae (
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<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DD20F8C06084D438" box="[608,687,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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). Striae with 3–6 rows of elliptical to round areolae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DB9FF8C06770D438" box="[1247,1371,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 21–25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Striae with stretched ovate shape, the longest and narrower extreme on valve face (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DC84F8E4663ED41C" box="[964,1045,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). All areolae open into single internal depression running from valve face to mantle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DDC8F8886123D440" box="[648,776,1867,1891]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 22, 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Virga flared on both extremes of striae, narrower than striae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DFD0F8AC6327D4A4" box="[144,268,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 21–24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vimines slender and short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DD7DF8AC60F4D4A4" box="[573,735,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 21, 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Viminules present in entire stria (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DB10F8AC66DAD4A4" box="[1104,1265,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 21, 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Well-developed volae, arising from the areolar inner periphery and projecting inwards, with mineral depositions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DBE7F850677BD488" box="[1191,1360,1939,1963]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 23, 24, 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spines originating from virgae at the valve face/mantle junction; solid, with elliptical base of about the same width of the vimines they sit on. Spine body flattened and retorted (concave) on its back (if frontal part facing the valve face) and having a flared, skirt-like projection, sometimes surrounding the entire base of the spine (black arrows in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34EFFF4DB2AF83C66C0DB34" box="[1130,1259,2047,2071]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="261">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spine tip bi- or trifurcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DFB7FF5C63B2D394" box="[247,409,159,183]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Figs 21, 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Second row of spines often present on valve mantle and of similar characteristics to the first row, but tend to have a conical body and originate from virgae or from vimines (white arrows in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DB31FF0066C5D3F8" box="[1137,1262,195,219]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Figs 21, 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stipules absent. Apical pore fields present on both extremes of valves, but smaller at head pole (dashed arrows in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DBD5FF24673BD3DC" box="[1173,1296,231,255]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Figs 22, 26</figureCitation>
|
||
), composed of several pores that open into a single elliptical to rounded internal depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DC87FEC8663CD200" box="[967,1047,267,291]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). Girdle elements variable in number, open (white arrow heads in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DEF1FEEC6007D264" box="[433,556,303,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Figs 21, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking pores, with larger valvocopula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DCA6FEEC66A1D264" box="[998,1162,303,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Figs 21, 23, 24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="D6A938E7C34FFFF5DFC8FCEE6196D0AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" startId="1.[136,243,813,835]" targetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFC8FCEE6196D0AF" blockId="1.[136,1451,813,908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DFC8FCEE6305D060" bold="true" box="[136,302,813,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">FIGURES 1–20.</emphasis>
|
||
LM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DEFFFCED608BD060" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[447,672,814,835]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DEFFFCED608BD060" box="[447,672,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Punctastriata obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34FFFF5DDE5FCED60C5D060" box="[677,750,814,835]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DDE5FCED60C2D060" box="[677,745,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CACC3BE4C34FFFF5DFFDFC7F6622D0DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDFC7F6622D0DB" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DFFDFC7F6332D0F7" bold="true" box="[189,281,956,980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Type:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="32BE6232C34FFFF5DE59FC7F662ED0DB" collectingDate="2017-09-19" collectorName="M. H. Novais" country="Portugal" county="Oeiras Stream" latitude="37.547623" location="Alentejo region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-7.9958363" municipality="Almodovar Council" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAC128FFC34FFFF5DE59FC7F6382D0F7" box="[281,425,956,980]" name="Portugal" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">PORTUGAL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="87093EB4C34FFFF5DEF0FC7F607CD0F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A7FD979C34EFFF7DFC8F98E6705D1F0:87093EB4C34FFFF5DEF0FC7F607CD0F7" box="[432,599,956,980]" country="Portugal" county="Oeiras Stream" latitude="37.547623" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-7.9958363" municipality="Almodovar Council" name="Alentejo region" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Alentejo region</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="620DF215C34FFFF5DD1FFC7F611DD0F7" box="[607,822,956,980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Almodôvar Council</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6B0810E3C34FFFF5DC7EFC7F61FCD0F7" box="[830,983,956,980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Oeiras Stream</collectingCounty>
|
||
, sampling point in the stream,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7E20EA8C34FFFF5DA55FC7F62B5D0D4" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" precision="1" seconds="51.45" value="37.547623">37º 32’ 51.45” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7E20EA8C34FFFF5DFE9FC23637ED0D4" box="[169,341,992,1016]" degrees="7" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" precision="1" seconds="45.01" value="-7.9958363">7º 59’ 45.01” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DE1FFC2260FBD0DB" box="[351,720,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<collectorName id="2F230DB9C34FFFF5DE1FFC2263C9D0DB" box="[351,482,993,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">M.H.Novais</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F6684EAFC34FFFF5DEADFC2360FBD0DB" box="[493,720,992,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" value="2017-09-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E62CB747C34FFFF5DEADFC2360FBD0DB" box="[493,720,992,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" value="2017-09-19">19th September 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="5D6DD6CDC34FFFF5DD9EFC236116D0DB" box="[734,829,992,1016]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
BR-4654=
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34FFFF5DCFBFC2361D7D0DB" box="[955,1020,992,1016]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–20" captionStartId="1.[136,243,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetId="figure-120@1.[141,1447,352,788]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1–20. LM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 1–18. Valve views arranged in a size diminution series, notice the overall elliptic to slightly ovate shape and the slightly pointy foot pole seen in some valves; Fig. 2 is the holotype. 19–20. Girdle view of short chains. Scale bar: 10 µm (Fig. 20)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425681/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CACC3BE4C34FFFF5DFFDFBC76696D763" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDFBC76696D763" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DFFDFBC76377D73F" bold="true" box="[189,348,1028,1052]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The epithet “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DEABFBC76065D73F" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[491,590,1028,1052]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DEABFBC76065D73F" box="[491,590,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” refers to the harsh conditions that this and other taxa are able to withstand in temporary streams. These resilient communities thrive even in the face of completely dry conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CACC3BE4C34FFFF5DFFDFB8F632DD417" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDFB8F60FAD634" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DFFDFB8F63D2D747" bold="true" box="[189,505,1100,1124]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Ecology and distribution:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="32BE6232C34FFFF5DEB9FB8F60E0D62F" collectionCode="PM" country="Portugal" county="The" elevation="16" location="The" municipality="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="87093EB4C34FFFF5DEB9FB8F6009D747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A7FD979C34EFFF7DFC8F98E6705D1F0:87093EB4C34FFFF5DEB9FB8F6009D747" box="[505,546,1100,1124]" country="Portugal" county="The" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">The</location>
|
||
new species was found in a epilithon sample scrubbed from 5 hand-sized rocks, from a pool with no stream flow during summer, the dry season in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FAC128FFC34FFFF5DCCFFBB361C2D7AB" box="[911,1001,1136,1160]" name="Portugal" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(for collection methods see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34FFFF5DA60FBB362E9D78F" author="Novais, M. H. & Morales, E. A. & Penha, A. M. & Potes, M. & Bouchez, A. & Barthes, A. & Costa, M. J. & Salgado, R. & Santos, J. & Morais, M." pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="137462" refId="ref3667" refString="Novais, M. H., Morales, E. A., Penha, A. M., Potes, M., Bouchez, A., Barthes, A., Costa, M. J., Salgado, R., Santos, J. & Morais, M. (2020) Benthic diatom community dynamics in Mediterranean intermittent streams: Effects of water availability and their potential as indicators of dry-phase ecological status. Science of the Total Environment 719: 137462. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. scitotenv. 2020.137462" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Novais
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DA34FBB26787D7AB" box="[1396,1452,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="620DF215C34FFFF5DF94FB5762D6D78F" box="[212,253,1172,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
stony stream bed (boulders 70 %, cobbles 30 %) was 90 % dry, and rocks had filamentous algal growths.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6B0810E3C34FFFF5DAC2FB576780D78F" box="[1410,1451,1172,1196]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
pool size was 9×
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DE7BFB7B6359D7EC" box="[315,370,1208,1232]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="16.0">
|
||
<elevation id="09FB8F5CC34FFFF5DE7BFB7B6359D7EC" box="[315,370,1208,1232]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
and its depth
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DD48FB7B607FD7EC" box="[520,596,1208,1232]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="0.24">
|
||
<elevation id="09FB8F5CC34FFFF5DD48FB7B607FD7EC" box="[520,596,1208,1232]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="0.24">0.24 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, turbidity 18.25 NTU, and it was less than 20 % shaded. Water temperature was 18.3 ºC (air temperature was 27.2 ºC at 1:00
|
||
<collectionCode id="E4C7F0AAC34FFFF5DD27FB1F60BAD7D7" box="[615,657,1244,1268]" country="USA" name="Pratt Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">PM</collectionCode>
|
||
), pH 9.5, electrical conductivity 5059.5 µS∙
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DB21FB1F66BAD7CB" attach="left" box="[1121,1169,1242,1268]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">cm-1</superScript>
|
||
, dissolved oxygen 36.8% sat., phosphates
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DE77FAC363A4D63B" box="[311,399,1280,1304]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="mg" value="0.23">0.23 mg</quantity>
|
||
∙L-
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DEEBFB3D6399D62F" attach="right" box="[427,434,1278,1292]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">1</superScript>
|
||
, and nitrates
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DD02FAC36083D63B" box="[578,680,1280,1304]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7199999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="mg" value="27.2">27.20 mg</quantity>
|
||
∙L-
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DD84FB3D60E0D62F" attach="right" box="[708,715,1278,1292]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">1</superScript>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDFAE76069D6EF" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
Major impacts on the stream (besides the seasonality of precipitation being higher during winter and causing a high degree of erosion and sediment transport, filling the ca. 20 m-wide stream bed from side to side and ca.
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DA4DFA8B6712D67C" box="[1293,1337,1352,1376]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
above the bottom) are cattle raising and agriculture in the contiguous area. Also the stream is visited by Iberian black pigs. The land use within
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DF93FA5362D7D684" box="[211,252,1424,1448]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
of the bank tops is characterized by the presence of broad leaf/mixed woodland (semi-natural), scrub and shrubs and rough unimproved grassland/pasture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDFA1B6725D51B" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
The new species was also found, but in low abundance, in the Limas Stream (Serpa Council,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7E20EA8C34FFFF5DB8AFA1B67A2D6CC" box="[1226,1417,1496,1520]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" precision="1" seconds="19.91" value="37.822197">37º 49’ 19.91” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E7E20EA8C34FFFF5DAD6FA1B6334D530" degrees="7" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" precision="1" seconds="21.18" value="-7.62255">7º 37’ 21.18” W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected 20
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DEF1FA396396D52B" attach="left" box="[433,445,1530,1544]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">th</superScript>
|
||
September, 2017. Pool
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DD89FA3F6122D530" box="[713,777,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
|
||
deep, temperature 33.8 ºC (ca. 12:00 am), pH 8.8, electrical conductivity 752.5 µS∙
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DE39F9E36382D50F" attach="left" box="[377,425,1566,1592]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">cm-1</superScript>
|
||
, dissolved oxygen 79.8 % sat., phosphates
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DC38F9E361FBD51B" box="[888,976,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="mg" value="0.16">0.16 mg</quantity>
|
||
∙L-
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DCACF9DD61D8D50F" attach="right" box="[1004,1011,1566,1580]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">1</superScript>
|
||
, and nitrates
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DBC3F9E366F0D51B" box="[1155,1243,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.92" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="mg" value="1.92">1.92 mg</quantity>
|
||
∙L-
|
||
<superScript id="75A3C527C34FFFF5DBB7F9DD66D5D50F" attach="right" box="[1271,1278,1566,1580]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">1</superScript>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDF987632DD417" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DFFDF98763E0D57F" bold="true" box="[189,459,1604,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Accompanying flora:—</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DE8BF986610ED57F" box="[459,805,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DE8BF98660E3D57F" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[459,712,1604,1628]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">Punctastriata obstinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34FFFF5DD91F986610ED57F" box="[721,805,1605,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
reached a relative abundance of 12% in the Oeiras Stream (0.8% in the Limas Stream sample) and was originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DC3DF9AB6373D587" authority="(Ehrenberg) D. M. Williams & Round (1988: 274)" authorityName="D. M. Williams & Round" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1988" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Staurosirella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DC3DF9AB664BD5A3" box="[893,1120,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Staurosirella pinnata</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrenberg) D.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34FFFF5DA66F9AB6373D587" author="Williams, D. M. & Round, F. E." pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="267 - 288" refId="ref3953" refString="Williams, D. M. & Round, F. E. (1988 " 1987 ") Revision of the genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research 2 (2): 267 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1987.9705004" type="journal article" year="1988">Williams & Round (1988: 274)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It was accompanied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DD20F94F617ED587" box="[608,853,1676,1700]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DD20F94F6130D587" box="[608,795,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudostaurosira</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(40.6% of relative abundance),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DBF0F94E63C8D5EB" authority="(Schumann) Edlund, E. Morales & Spaulding" authorityName="Edlund, E. Morales & Spaulding" baseAuthorityName="Schumann" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="elliptica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DBF0F94E670AD587" box="[1200,1313,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">P. elliptica</emphasis>
|
||
(Schumann) Edlund, E.Morales & Spaulding
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(17.7%, 2006: 58),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DD80F9736675D5EB" authority="Lange-Bertalot" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" box="[704,1118,1712,1736]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Navicula" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="cryptotenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DD80F973619ED5EB" box="[704,949,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Navicula cryptotenella</emphasis>
|
||
Lange-Bertalot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.7%, In Krammer & Lange- Bertalot 1985: 62),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DE1EF917607ED5CF" box="[350,597,1748,1772]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Pseudostaurosira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DE1EF9176032D5CF" box="[350,537,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Pseudostaurosira</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 2
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.06%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DD83F917664DD5CF" authority="(Kutzing) Brebisson" authorityName="Brebisson" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" box="[707,1126,1748,1772]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Rhopalodiaceae" genus="Epithemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rhopalodiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="adnata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DD83F91761A8D5CF" box="[707,899,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Epithemia adnata</emphasis>
|
||
(Kützing) Brébisson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.4%, 1838: 16),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DA7EF9176334D433" authority="Kutzing" authorityName="Kutzing" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Rhopalodiaceae" genus="Epithemia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rhopalodiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sorex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DA7EF91762EAD433" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Epithemia sorex</emphasis>
|
||
Kützing
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.2%, 1844: 33), and other species with abundances <1.5%. The undetermined species are currently under description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CACC3BE4C34FFFF7DFFDF8836705D1F0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF5DFFDF88366C5D4BC" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DFFDF8836377D47B" bold="true" box="[189,348,1856,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Comments:—</emphasis>
|
||
Following Table
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DD53F8836017D47B" box="[531,572,1856,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34FFFF5DD03F8836102D47B" author="Morales, E. A. & Wetzel, C. E. & Novais, M. H. & Buczko, K. & Morais, M. M. & Ector, L." box="[579,809,1856,1880]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="262 - 264" refId="ref3576" refString="Morales, E. A., Wetzel, C. E., Novais, M. H., Buczko, K., Morais, M. M. & Ector, L. (2019) Morphological reconsideration of the araphid genus Pseudostaurosira (Bacillariophyceae), a revision of Gedaniella, Popovskayella and Serratifera, and a description of a new Nanofrustulum species. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152: 262 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.5091 / plecevo. 2019.1604" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DDE2F88260F2D47B" box="[674,729,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which contains the salient features of small araphid genera lacking rimoportulae, the new species fits within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DDD3F8A6610FD45F" authorityName="D. M. Williams & Round" authorityYear="1988" box="[659,804,1893,1916]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DDD3F8A6610FD45F" box="[659,804,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">Punctastriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appropriately. Namely, the profuse production of vimines on each entire stria and the resulting multiseriate rows of areolae, are features present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34FFFF5DB58F84A66BED483" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[1048,1173,1928,1952]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DB58F84A66BED483" box="[1048,1173,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">P. obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34FFFF5DBDCF84A66C5D4BC" box="[1180,1262,1928,1952]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34FFFF5DBDCF84A66C3D483" box="[1180,1256,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34FFFF6DFC8F86F6695D3F8" blockId="1.[136,1452,956,2060]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,159,219]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="263" pageId="1" pageNumber="262">
|
||
At the species level and comparing the features of the new taxon to those contained in table
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34FFFF5DB1CF86F66AED4E7" box="[1116,1157,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34FFFF5DBCBF86F67ABD4E7" author="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L." box="[1163,1408,1964,1988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="262" pagination="42 - 55" refId="ref3909" refString="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. (2021) Two new Punctastriata (Bacillariophyta) species from subalpine French lakes. Botany Letters 168: 42 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23818107.2020.1765865" type="journal article" year="2021">Wetzel & Ector (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the following characters are unique to the species. First, the new taxon often has two rows of spines, one of them located on the valve mantle. The population found in the Oeiras Stream has many representatives that lack this double row of spines or have them weakly developed. Thus, even if the character of a double row of spines is unique to this taxon, it is inconstant. In the case of
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34CFFF6DF9AFF006302D3F8" box="[218,297,195,219]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Figs 23</figureCitation>
|
||
(valve on the right side of the image) and 24, only a single row of spines can be seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D6A938E7C34CFFF6DFC8F9CC674FD402" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" startId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" targetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34CFFF6DFC8F9CC674FD402" blockId="2.[136,1452,1551,1825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DFC8F9CC6311D507" bold="true" box="[136,314,1551,1573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">FIGURES 21–26.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DE9AF9CC6097D507" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[474,700,1551,1572]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DE9AF9CC6097D507" box="[474,700,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Punctastriata obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34CFFF6DD82F9CC6120D507" box="[706,779,1551,1572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DD82F9CC612DD507" box="[706,774,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34CFFF6DFFDF8926679D493" blockId="2.[136,1452,1873,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
|
||
Incipient spines growing on the valve mantle can also be seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DCDDF8916780D44A" authority="D. M. Williams & Round (1988: 278)" authorityName="D. M. Williams & Round" authorityPageNumber="278" authorityYear="1988" box="[925,1451,1873,1897]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DCDDF8916627D44A" box="[925,1036,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">P. linearis</emphasis>
|
||
D.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34CFFF6DB09F8926780D44A" author="Williams, D. M. & Round, F. E." box="[1097,1451,1873,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" pagination="267 - 288" refId="ref3953" refString="Williams, D. M. & Round, F. E. (1988 " 1987 ") Revision of the genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research 2 (2): 267 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 1987.9705004" type="journal article" year="1988">Williams & Round (1988: 278)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see study of material collected from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5D6DD6CDC34CFFF6DD12F8B660ABD4AE" box="[594,640,1909,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34CFFF6DC41F8B661C4D4AE" author="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L." box="[769,1007,1909,1933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" pagination="42 - 55" refId="ref3909" refString="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. (2021) Two new Punctastriata (Bacillariophyta) species from subalpine French lakes. Botany Letters 168: 42 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23818107.2020.1765865" type="journal article" year="2021">Wetzel & Ector 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but these seem to be elements along a disorganized, single row of spines, rather than the two distinct rows in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DC3BF85961D3D492" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[891,1016,1945,1969]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DC3BF85961D3D492" box="[891,1016,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">P. obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34CFFF6DCBFF8596679D493" box="[1023,1106,1945,1969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DCBFF8596660D492" box="[1023,1099,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34CFFF7DFFDF87E67A8D3F8" blockId="2.[136,1452,1873,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,159,723]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
|
||
Second, the apical pore fields developing on both apices in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DC65F87D618BD4F6" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[805,928,1981,2005]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DC65F87D618BD4F6" box="[805,928,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">P. obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34CFFF6DCE5F87D61DED4F7" box="[933,1013,1981,2005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DCE5F87D61C4D4F6" box="[933,1007,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are only present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DBFEF87D6323D4DA" authority="E. Morales (2005: 128)" authorityName="E. Morales" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="2005" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="mimetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DBFEF87D6712D4F6" box="[1214,1337,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">P. mimetica</emphasis>
|
||
E.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34CFFF6DA11F87E6323D4DA" author="Morales, E. A." pageId="2" pageNumber="263" pagination="113 - 133" refId="ref3462" refString="Morales, E. A. (2005) Observations of the morphology of some known and new fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in the USA. Phycological Research 53: 113 - 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 1835.2005. tb 00363. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Morales (2005: 128)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the valve shape in the latter is cruciform to rhomboid with acuminate to subrostrate apices. Therefore, for species with an elliptical to ovoid shape within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DDCEF7C56134DB3E" authorityName="D. M. Williams & Round" authorityYear="1988" box="[654,799,2054,2077]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DDCEF7C56134DB3E" box="[654,799,2054,2077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">Punctastriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34CFFF6DC6DF7C5662CDB3E" box="[813,1031,2053,2077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="263">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34CFFF6DC6DF7C56187DB3E" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[813,940,2053,2077]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">P. obstinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34CFFF6DCF4F7C5662CDB3E" box="[948,1031,2054,2077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="263" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the only one having well-developed apical pore fields on both valve apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34DFFF7DD7BFF5C60A7D394" box="[571,652,159,183]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). The slight heteropolarity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34DFFF7DC92FF63667BD394" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[978,1104,159,183]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DC92FF63667BD394" box="[978,1104,159,183]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">P. obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34DFFF7DB19FF636686D394" box="[1113,1197,160,183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DB19FF63668CD394" box="[1113,1191,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is clearly shown in the degree of development of the apical pore fields.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34DFFF7DDCCFF0060F3D3F8" box="[652,728,195,219]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
shows a smaller apical pore field on the right side of the image.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34DFFF7DFFDFF2461D5D248" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
|
||
The flaring on the spines in a skirt-like fashion is a third notorious characteristic in the new species. We have refrained from using the term “stipule” for this structure since the stipule originates at the base of the spine, from its posterior side (the one facing away from the valve). In the case of
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DDC2FEF3617DD264" box="[642,854,303,327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34DFFF7DDC2FEF360D5D264" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[642,766,303,327]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">P. obstinata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34DFFF7DC45FEF3617DD264" box="[773,854,304,327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the skirt-like projections originate from the sides of the spine and then they envelope even part of the spine body, as can be seen in
|
||
<figureCitation id="1AED74EAC34DFFF7DCEBFE9061D1D248" box="[939,1018,339,363]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–26" captionStartId="2.[136,243,1551,1573]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-67@2.[189,1398,244,1526]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of Punctastriata obstinata sp. nov. from type material BR-4654, Oeiras Stream, Portugal. 21. Valve view showing second row of spines on valve mantle (white arrows) and open copula (white arrowheads). 22. Valve internal view showing apical pore fields (dashed arrows), the volae that are well-developed, and the raised axial area-virgae together with the recessed striae. 23. Girdle, tilted view of frustule showing second row of spines on mantle (white arrows), and skirt-like, flared projection of the spines (black arrow). 24. Close up on valve mantle showing spines with skirt-like, flared projections in formation (black arrows) and open copula (white arrowhead). 25. Internal view of striae showing multiseriate striae with very small areolae and volae extending inwards, accumulating mineral material. Notice the striae lies in a single internal depression running from valve face to mantle. 26. Close up on internal elliptic opening of the apical pore field (dashed arrow). Notice small round poroids. Scale bars: 0.5 µm (Figs 25, 26), 1 µm (Figs 21–24)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5425683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5425683/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34DFFF7DFFDFEB46079D13C" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
|
||
The skirt-like projections have also been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34DFFF7DC44FEBB6297D290" authority="D. M. Williams, Chudaev & Gololobova (2009: 480)" authorityName="D. M. Williams, Chudaev & Gololobova" authorityPageNumber="480" authorityYear="2009" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="glubokoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DC44FEBB6180D2AC" box="[772,939,375,399]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">P. glubokoensis</emphasis>
|
||
D.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34DFFF7DCA7FEB46297D290" author="Williams, D. M. & Chudaev, D. A. & Gololobova, M. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="264" pagination="479 - 485" refId="ref4002" refString="Williams, D. M., Chudaev, D. A. & Gololobova, M. A. (2009) Punctastriata glubokoensis spec. nov., a new species of ' fragilarioid' diatom from Lake Glubokoe, Russia. Diatom Research 24: 479 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2009.9705814" type="journal article" year="2009">Williams, Chudaev & Gololobova (2009: 480)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are interpreted by the authors as “two small flat projections” at the base, parallel to the sternum. As far as what has been shown in the literature, the skirt-like projections are only present in the spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34DFFF7DBCCFE036721D2F4" authority="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais, 2021" authorityName="Oa.Morales & Novais & García & Maidana & Morais" authorityYear="2021" box="[1164,1290,447,471]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="obstinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DBCCFE036721D2F4" box="[1164,1290,447,471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">P. obstinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AB910906C34DFFF7DA51FE03674FD2F4" box="[1297,1380,448,471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DA51FE036776D2F4" box="[1297,1373,448,471]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34DFFF7DAD8FE036338D2D8" authorityName="D. M. Williams, Chudaev & Gololobova" authorityYear="2009" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="glubokoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DAD8FE036338D2D8" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">P. glubokoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Regarding the production of spines, the latter species infrequently produces paired spines, but they grow side by side on the virga (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34DFFF7DE28FDC4606CD13C" author="Williams, D. M. & Chudaev, D. A. & Gololobova, M. A." box="[360,583,519,543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" pagination="479 - 485" refId="ref4002" refString="Williams, D. M., Chudaev, D. A. & Gololobova, M. A. (2009) Punctastriata glubokoensis spec. nov., a new species of ' fragilarioid' diatom from Lake Glubokoe, Russia. Diatom Research 24: 479 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0269249 X. 2009.9705814" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DE91FDCB602BD13C" box="[465,512,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8269686FC34DFFF7DFFDFDE86705D1F0" blockId="3.[136,1452,159,723]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
|
||
Based on the observations above, it is inferred that the distinguishing features of the new species are those of apical pore fields and the double row of spines. In table
|
||
<quantity id="452EC58AC34DFFF7DDD7FD8C60EBD144" box="[663,704,591,615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E647159EC34DFFF7DD86FD8C6190D144" author="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L." box="[710,955,591,615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" pagination="42 - 55" refId="ref3909" refString="Wetzel, C. E. & Ector, L. (2021) Two new Punctastriata (Bacillariophyta) species from subalpine French lakes. Botany Letters 168: 42 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23818107.2020.1765865" type="journal article" year="2021">Wetzel & Ector (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is evident that spines are variable structures in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D613ECC34DFFF7DFE5FDB7631DD1A8" authorityName="D. M. Williams & Round" authorityYear="1988" box="[165,310,628,651]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Punctastriata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B0A2B47DC34DFFF7DFE5FDB7631DD1A8" box="[165,310,628,651]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Punctastriata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that this variability includes, among others, position (on virgae, vimines, both, or on the mantle, as shown here), presence/absence of projections, structure of the body (hollow or solid, flat or cylindrical), features of the tips (spatulate, conical, bi- or trifurcate), etc. Spines, therefore, are structures worth exploring in species distinction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |