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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e89641" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1864-8312-81-499" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4BC3438AD0EC56028F7088464939BEDE" ID-ZooBank="E628C8DCC92049419CDE818F4B61AF03" ModsDocID="1864-8312-81-499" checkinTime="1686172994312" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tavares, Leon Gustavo de Miranda, Machado, Renato Jose Pires &amp; Calor, Adolfo Ricardo" docDate="2023" docId="0A4DBC5A5DAB51CBBD0C91C0E41DD973" docLanguage="en" docName="ArthropodSystPhyl 81: 499-553" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny 81" docPubDate="2023-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.81.e89641" docTitle="Ameromyia Banks 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="4BC3438AD0EC56028F7088464939BEDE" lastPageNumber="499" masterDocId="4BC3438AD0EC56028F7088464939BEDE" masterDocTitle="The Neotropical antlion genus Ameromyia Banks, 1913 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), systematics and redefinition under a phylogenetic approach" masterLastPageNumber="553" masterPageNumber="499" pageNumber="499" updateTime="1686172994312" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="8A8426F43995071CD1FD77EE39089C65">The Neotropical antlion genus Ameromyia Banks, 1913 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), systematics and redefinition under a phylogenetic approach</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A2487A25A8E6338B1E5F0E2244B3FD1">Tavares, Leon Gustavo de Miranda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="771CE7EFBF04EE28FB43D6B535D01215" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-9901</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="3E4C37B406219D5679371994EEEC8269">Laboratorio de Entomologia Aquatica, PPG Biodiversidade e Evolucao, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia-UFBA, Campus Universitario de Ondina, Rua Barao de Geremoabo, Rua Barao de Geremoabo, 147, Ondina, CEP 40170 - 115, Salvador, BA, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana-DZUP, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Americas, CEP 81531 - 980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3ED543115F7424E9DE949BA67498473D" type="email">leogtav@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6050752D2CFB3EAAEA9733E538FA7E6F">Machado, Renato Jose Pires</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A63088F32B78E229A14A4BCDD160045F">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Parana-DZUP, Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Jardim das Americas, CEP 81531 - 980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C4AFF544CC2B4938DD2DAB7B4AF8836A">Calor, Adolfo Ricardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B3111A0C9B1BCD6AA2FD662298F908D">Laboratorio de Entomologia Aquatica, PPG Biodiversidade e Evolucao, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia-UFBA, Campus Universitario de Ondina, Rua Barao de Geremoabo, Rua Barao de Geremoabo, 147, Ondina, CEP 40170 - 115, Salvador, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="756098A98DBFB13624571E76B263DC01">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="B6ED0D0CFB1C81610D4B4F10992DCB94" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D2DB74028DBBF8FCBBCB301B52499293" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
4.1.
<taxonomicName id="C953FA497800369AB82939BDBB6756E6" ID-CoL="TRC" LSID="0A4DBC5A-5DAB-51CB-BD0C-91C0E41DD973" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ameromyia</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E9A31A21E6353B1668B3C189AA584B2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F1D92FA411E8D1DC91D188F0E32B42BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="24673C9E1D552A360E621967BA094A6B" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ameromyia</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="69DBD424C92F6154029B2685DA416E06" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="201 - 242" refId="B5" refString="Banks, N, 1913. Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 39: 201 - 242" title="Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera." volume="39" year="1913">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 227. [Type species:
<taxonomicName id="9BE96EC834441838DC4AAB8764908497" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Brachynemurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachynemurus strigosus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strigosus">Brachynemurus strigosus</taxonomicName>
Banks, by original designation]. -
<bibRefCitation id="2FA6D8D0D8342A42BB2CFF3328EB2EEA" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="161 - 173" refId="B7" refString="Banks, N, 1943. Neuroptera of northern South America. Part II. Myrmeleonidae. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 2: 161 - 173" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part II. Myrmeleonidae." volume="2" year="1943">Banks 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 165 [key]. -
<bibRefCitation id="F2031A116BE2B64D6217CA5B1EC3EC10" author="Penny, ND" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="5 - 61" refId="B47" refString="Penny, ND, 1977. Lista de Megaloptera, Neuroptera e Raphidioptera do Mexico, America Central, ilhas Caraibas e America do Sul. Acta Amazonica 7 (4): 5 - 61" title="Lista de Megaloptera, Neuroptera e Raphidioptera do Mexico, America Central, ilhas Caraibas e America do Sul." volume="7" year="1977">Penny 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 38 [species list, distribution]. -
<bibRefCitation id="63DFA5056CD5F87CBCA248B8E533E650" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="67 - 119" refId="B54" refString="Stange, LA, 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119" title="Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." volume="8" year="1994">Stange 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 90 [taxonomy, species list, phylogeny of tribe]. -
<bibRefCitation id="78756A521BD0F0270F8BF3497ADDC35A" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B56" refString="Stange, LA, 2004. A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 74: [iv] + 565." title="A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 74: [iv] + 565." year="2004">Stange 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 227, 383, 392, 393 [species catalog, diagnosis, habitat; genera identification key (adults), genera identification key (larvae)]. -
<bibRefCitation id="621B030F5A124438F442987D75C5E871" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" author="Machado, RJP" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B16" refString="Machado, RJP, Gillung, JP, Winterton, SL, Garzon-Orduna, IJ, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Oswald, JD, 2019. Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology 44: 418-450 [pre-volume: 1-33]. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" title="Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology 44: 418 - 450 [pre-volume: 1 - 33]." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" year="2019">Machado et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 4, 7, 14 [family phylogeny]. -
<bibRefCitation id="7C4C09DDB670B25AB1BC2456247CEF1F" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Neuroptera International, Supplemental Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" publicationUrl="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" refId="B46" refString="Oswald, JD, 2021. Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 6.0. URL: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 6.0. URL:" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" year="2021">Oswald 2021</bibRefCitation>
[in genera catalog]. -
<bibRefCitation id="06AEA5AD0A6CDC9CBFEAD09CF2F2668D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0083" author="Machado, RJP" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B17" refString="Machado, RJP, Martins, CC, 2022. The extant fauna of Neuroptera (Insecta) from Brazil: diversity, distribution and history. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 66. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0083" title="The extant fauna of Neuroptera (Insecta) from Brazil: diversity, distribution and history. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 66." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0083" year="2022">Machado and Martins 2022</bibRefCitation>
[faunal catalog].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE859BD20F0AEF269875A14DF4C01AAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="6049A605C77A70DBF786ACB2110E47BB" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Amazoleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amazoleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">= Amazoleon</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="22911B2FFA61A483F64D1C9103D45A26" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="201 - 242" refId="B5" refString="Banks, N, 1913. Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 39: 201 - 242" title="Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera." volume="39" year="1913">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 229 [Type species:
<taxonomicName id="2B2B151AB346B537CD7C222FA637242E" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmeleon pubiventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubiventris">Myrmeleon pubiventris</taxonomicName>
Walker, by original designation]. -
<bibRefCitation id="3493958C94CFD67B7C880BFEA97974A1" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B23" refString="Navas, L, 1914a. Neurpteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Segunda y Tercera series). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Artes (3)11(8): 105-119, figures 1-6; (13): 193-205, figures 1-14." title="Neurpteros nuevos o poco conocidos (Segunda y Tercera series). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Artes (3) 11 (8): 105 - 119, figures 1 - 6; (13): 193 - 205, figures 1 - 14." year="1914 a">
<normalizedToken id="FDBB803F33DF57FFD50B552F01AD86BE" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
1914a
</bibRefCitation>
: 205 [
<taxonomicName id="B09AF903FBB79EDA0594670CFF44BC2F" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Amazoleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amazoleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amazoleon</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="C222B31054E8E805DA0F3CCCFF965FF7" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Moza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Moza" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Moza</taxonomicName>
]. -
<bibRefCitation id="773EF1D0C4BB1DEEEF3EE9C3212CD6D9" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="161 - 173" refId="B7" refString="Banks, N, 1943. Neuroptera of northern South America. Part II. Myrmeleonidae. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 2: 161 - 173" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part II. Myrmeleonidae." volume="2" year="1943">Banks 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 164 [key]. -
<bibRefCitation id="2C081028875A5F1EFE8CF82099793813" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="5 - 87" refId="B50" refString="Stange, LA, 1967. Catalogo de Neuroptera de Argentina y Uruguay. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 22: 5 - 87" title="Catalogo de Neuroptera de Argentina y Uruguay." volume="22" year="1967">Stange 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 45 [synonymy] -
<bibRefCitation id="CE644641C338945E2297CD7E67BF1250" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Neuroptera International, Supplemental Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" publicationUrl="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" refId="B46" refString="Oswald, JD, 2021. Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 6.0. URL: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 6.0. URL:" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" year="2021">Oswald 2021</bibRefCitation>
[in genera catalog].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5FC956B3BA2BDE94DA8043F117AC8EA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="2B8105EFBB2B744FC3FE2EDC41404ABE" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Foya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foya" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">= Foya</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="E162CAFF9265B527BA208F78CF18F5EC" author="Navas, L" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B24" refString="Navas, L, 1914b. Neuropteros sudamericanos. Primera [I] Broteria (Serie Zoologica) 12: 45-56, 215-234, 5 resp. 6 figures." title="Neuropteros sudamericanos. Primera [I] Broteria (Serie Zoologica) 12: 45 - 56, 215 - 234, 5 resp. 6 figures." year="1914 b">
<normalizedToken id="4FA22EF0386BA01BF226B830FD71CB7A" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
1914b
</bibRefCitation>
: 53 [Type species:
<taxonomicName id="8D7D5E3C2110B9AB4278039513896996" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Foya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Foya trapezia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trapezia">Foya trapezia</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="C9063E3CE71B194486577B0C7C49772F" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
, by original designation and monotypy]. -
<bibRefCitation id="E6251BE4F94F03E9488D31000C1479A0" author="Esben-Petersen, P" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="190 - 196" refId="B11" refString="Esben-Petersen, P, 1920. Revision of some of the type-specimens of Myrmeleonidae, described by Navas and placed in the Vienna Museum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 60: 190 - 196" title="Revision of some of the type-specimens of Myrmeleonidae, described by Navas and placed in the Vienna Museum." volume="60" year="1920">Esben-Petersen 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 190 [synonymy =
<taxonomicName id="3FF6CF0A22E374973A874D8FF229D105" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Amazoleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amazoleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amazoleon</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADF6EE65D0C9C47F1576CA06FCA791AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="B3A75D7E5447F52B9E20181BEFEDE47C" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Nemotolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nemotolus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">= Nemotolus</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="9BD9AC2FE48A3C3A34BFB6AE1DE30888" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="161 - 173" refId="B7" refString="Banks, N, 1943. Neuroptera of northern South America. Part II. Myrmeleonidae. Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana 2: 161 - 173" title="Neuroptera of northern South America. Part II. Myrmeleonidae." volume="2" year="1943">Banks 1943</bibRefCitation>
: 163 [Type species:
<taxonomicName id="32B4397588F3259AEE6F4EEEAA1A226F" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Myrmeleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myrmeleon protensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensis">Myrmeleon protensis</taxonomicName>
Gerstaecker, by original designation]. -
<bibRefCitation id="808A7C09AACE94F07FE7404AB992D2BE" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="5 - 87" refId="B50" refString="Stange, LA, 1967. Catalogo de Neuroptera de Argentina y Uruguay. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 22: 5 - 87" title="Catalogo de Neuroptera de Argentina y Uruguay." volume="22" year="1967">Stange 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 45 [synonymy].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1CFE4FCFAF493B1E9F205D9C08662B14" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="7360B56443B80362F66185E3102880E7" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Venezueleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venezueleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">= Venezueleon</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EBCFC4B2EC91F0B02FB7AAAEC00EB130" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="67 - 119" refId="B54" refString="Stange, LA, 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119" title="Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." volume="8" year="1994">Stange 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 88 [Type species:
<taxonomicName id="FB58CCFA62DB072F29F940F57A17C26B" authorityName="Tavares &amp; Machado &amp; Calor" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Tavares &amp; Machado &amp; Calor" baseAuthorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Venezueleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Venezueleon guaricus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guaricus">Venezueleon guaricus</taxonomicName>
Stange, by original designation and monotypy]. -
<bibRefCitation id="07BC7B33F7631737726E587BEFE21728" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B56" refString="Stange, LA, 2004. A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 74: [iv] + 565." title="A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 74: [iv] + 565." year="2004">Stange 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 249 [species catalog, diagnosis, habitat; genera identification key (adults), genera identification key (larvae)]. -
<bibRefCitation id="1A58F8F156EF4DAFF505AD572710FA9A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" author="Machado, RJP" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B16" refString="Machado, RJP, Gillung, JP, Winterton, SL, Garzon-Orduna, IJ, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Oswald, JD, 2019. Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology 44: 418-450 [pre-volume: 1-33]. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" title="Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology 44: 418 - 450 [pre-volume: 1 - 33]." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" year="2019">Machado et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 24 [genera list]. -
<bibRefCitation id="7B31C048EAD982A7AF769A7FE95065E7" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Neuroptera International, Supplemental Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" publicationUrl="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" refId="B46" refString="Oswald, JD, 2021. Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 6.0. URL: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" title="Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 6.0. URL:" url="http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main" year="2021">Oswald 2021</bibRefCitation>
[in genera catalog] [
<emphasis id="76B57899E06AEEA0D7757EA9E39760E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">NEW SYNONYMY</emphasis>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B9597D1EC4AD0B5E96031F995B6B287E" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F4DD2831C17D1E12C41EA3E308E4C5BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF0BFE824EF803727BEA88CB3911DDA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
South America (Figs
<figureCitation id="900D598BA7E2770BC5BD9E48AD66EF04" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. South America map showing the current distributional records for Ameromyia species in the Ameromyia nigriventris species group." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860594" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5AE50FC0DDB32073808CA640DF091849" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. South America map showing the current distributional records for Ameromyia species in the Ameromyia modesta species group." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860595" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="536397B863AB07306F2327D98FCA9826" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860594" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="D6A4205C7F4CAA25458BEF79872CCD1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<emphasis id="2221B8915003D60F9B7FACE7DA772329" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Figure 12.</emphasis>
South America map showing the current distributional records for
<taxonomicName id="09A26EDC45A74F6E7D5C04AB6EADBFB3" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4B03F5B3DF11803FFB46D4B79D1844B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the
<taxonomicName id="20665DA5A0BDFFDD2F6AA6BF640E3F66" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia nigriventris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="B7EB006D2F1C55088582F8E0EAB89300" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9E8AFE23870A6998F3FFF9F9CDA39B1E" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860595" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="BAE5459360C66A14C04F2C1ED9388462" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<emphasis id="B2C66C9BAA2D4FF8DCB0479B3195D660" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Figure 13.</emphasis>
South America map showing the current distributional records for
<taxonomicName id="AC7927B8C99A9DA8B6C37C455A045293" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63880B1845A825E45B484C00D6FAE7CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the
<taxonomicName id="DB3FEA014DC55DC5F589C072B9166226" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia modesta" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="905FCCE572C1B0CE9BCEB9EDE8D0B989" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FB62ACD2324B36FFAD39548EAFBA82" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="species included">
<paragraph id="7317DA378A7BA4100043497570706047" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Species included.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18879E4395DB92A77815307DA2053FC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="C6C5C8D0EA2D06DCD943C4D09B8F06BC" authorityName="Tavares" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia clepsydra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="7E4D7E225B8D430477DA7A348DAE25A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6DDF6472C21D1495D429B0CC1D67046D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="8BC1FEE1DFCD760F57E68485F04AC1AE" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. dimidiata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="dimidiata">
<emphasis id="D4CAD92E616836BE8CBD340A5642EEBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. dimidiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="A5D8311E50918A800AC221E295B0891E" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
, 1915a;
<taxonomicName id="72BDFF4A80A8F7AFDC6D283913EF67B0" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. explicata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="explicata">
<emphasis id="20EB38B2FFEB6D4BBC883A06B271A1D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. explicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="98CDB05D944D657AE56604C508054ED1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="1BA747A7A900A05A94847D37D8992EF4" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. guarica" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="guarica">
<emphasis id="5B949C7D149C2340C84FDC9FCD5C8DE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. guarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Stange, 1994)
<emphasis id="CD1CE30C0841649F4589B921A76B7FD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">comb. nov.</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="5BB64B69485C4335F34C4D816A05665E" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. modesta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="443F164EDE185A951163A743A06BD774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Banks, 1943);
<taxonomicName id="EAE40969D458FDB34D1B423B515CCE56" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. muralli" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="muralli">
<emphasis id="3C518F1E10FC3DEDA2D0B73ADAEC5E89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. muralli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="F737B6CC72FD4A50FCE4E20E89A25EE8" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
, 1932;
<taxonomicName id="B7CCE31BB8C57495901AEA50FB1E560B" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="3AD6BD43AD971D13C93934AE3AE68447" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walker, 1860);
<taxonomicName id="A63F55BB92733B5C19453577F1782AD1" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pleuralis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="pleuralis">
<emphasis id="E430D18E7D6D181BEC0F8F90F5F48571" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. pleuralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="5706EE1575F8276A3E9204F5B6730314" originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
, 1926b;
<taxonomicName id="0D2D69DCD4A4F6EE4739B83C5D6C22B7" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. protensa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="protensa">
<emphasis id="EE9692FB8E5E290E935ECF59156B97AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. protensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gerstaecker, 1893);
<taxonomicName id="F8529833AF131870E50BD3760AF40B02" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pubiventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="pubiventris">
<emphasis id="E78BDC3DA2680589D25B1F32E0370AC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. pubiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walker, 1860);
<taxonomicName id="2AEDDB601CF30D24661BD8A52626BBA5" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. strigosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="9A4FA649A86AD55262FBB724DDBB8EC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Banks, 1909);
<taxonomicName id="636D6EB99CF0634072E0AB6631546FBF" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. tendinosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="tendinosa">
<emphasis id="974E1FDFBDE53DF9F27CA23BF1BB1F7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. tendinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gerstaecker, 1893).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5C97521239BB436B1F01E1B511361456" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6029BA13123463C746C25FD7B42EE313" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="104B4CCD275F129B47D165FE10A03F2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Fore and hind wings with both banksian lines well developed; hind wings vein CuA with at least four crossveins connecting with posterior branch of MP; male ectoproct postventral lobe shorter than ectoproct height; female gonapophyseal plate elongate; lateral gonapophysis of female genitalia fused; male genitalic sac with clavate setae; parameres lateral tooth basad to paramere plates; male gonarcus positioned anterior to parameres; and male medincus absent; larvae with thread-like setae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06D319DC40B68BEB9B27655D7EC0B64D" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="larvae known (figs 14, 15b, c, 16b, c, 19, 26, 27, 30, 36)">
<paragraph id="9F49D1D63FF77D90A61E6D2A104CD5E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
Larvae known (Figs
<figureCitation id="250DEA8D4E66A1675EE6560223E7B47F" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. SEM micrograph of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov. third instar larvae: A head, dorsal view. B Thorax, dorsal view. C Mesothoracic tubercle, dorsal view. D Abdomen terminalia, ventral view. - Abbreviations: an, antennae; bt, basal tooth; dgs, digging setae; ds, dolichasters; dt, distal tooth; mdt, medial tooth; met, metathorax; mt, mesothorax; oc, occelli; op, odontoid process; pt, prothorax; ra, rastra; sr, spiracle; st, sternite; ts, thread-like setae; tu, tubercle." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860596" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13E7D809A76BA74387D0EC14521CF31C" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. D Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">15B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A9F0933245B937D77D8297C5CB73369C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia nigriventris, in Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroundings and sandy substrate on compacted soil. B First-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. C Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Coccoon, exposed on a dug-out &quot; trench &quot;. - Abbreviations: sp, sand pools; tr, trenches." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860598" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">16B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3608FE875E8A22E6446A8FB5091FB7E3" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., third instar larvae: A dorsal view. B Ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860601" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="024EB858C4AEFC50FA02524984518D7D" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Ameromyia guarica, preserved in alcohol, third instar larval specimen: A Dorsal view. B Ventral view. C Lateral view. D Dorsal view, dried up. E Lateral view of head and thorax, dried up. Photographs by Jonathan Bremer (FSCA). - Abbreviations: ts, thread-like setae; tu, tubercle." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860608" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="763F9161037184DF0EB0002A0225BF71" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Larval specimen of an unknown species of Venezueleon (Ameromyia sensu Stange): A dorsal view. B Ventral view. C Lateral view. Photographs by Jonathan Bremer (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860609" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="107D2DB73F9D3CE7B55E3469E4AF0AE5" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Ameromyia modesta, third instar larva: A dorsal view. B Ventral view. C Lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860612" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="24704D74B3116816C6162221DBB678A1" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Ameromyia nigriventris, third instar larvae, preserved in alcohol: A dorsal view, B ventral view and C lateral view, photographed by Jonathan Bremer (FSCA). D head capsule dorsal view, dried specimen. - Abbreviation: ts, thread-like setae." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860618" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC1CD985E5B79B0CE93012CD42068E96" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<taxonomicName id="02DB5E86D81E45B5EFA68464420CC479" authorityName="Tavares" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia clepsydra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="DB0118819CDBA49940F3DBC36E75F1F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9E024B8563D8492BF6B53AB51630F18" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="231BB53DE4432C30ACA326241A072225" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. guarica" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="guarica">
<emphasis id="3ACF8124355F3BE254C14D0F6DF9E7D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. guarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7DB7EACFAC67156AD3E68DEE1E60F586" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">comb. nov.</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="E7FA847A92CBE4FF6B2AEB212D2933ED" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. modesta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="5066844E9C490DC03AF42F3100351AE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="32C66EB11FF4318D8A0F727F180154E3" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris." order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris.">
<emphasis id="0D48D41F4B7C66A877AA565D63D193C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CDBBBD2CF279B802871D84EEB9462E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="description">
<paragraph id="2E151A30301CA5E55909B28E0B49ED5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F976A3EA82D7C0A6CAE36B44C7EA1EB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<emphasis id="2DC6493EDEC8EFEAF5ADC58B32F2B188" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
Adult.
<emphasis id="A8D73EBBB3CA45A88AFBFD5610664D1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Head</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: frons with short setae. Antenna of same length on both sexes, moderately short with about 30 flagellomeres. Antennal fossae separated by about two times pedicel width. Interocular distance less than eye width. Profemur without clavate setae. Vertex with many short decumbent setae. Ocular rim without setae. Clypeus with scattered setae, which are oriented ventrally. Labrum with two rows of short setae on ventral margin, all of which pointing ventrally. -
<emphasis id="4F9272C7A92610A1F0BCDDA74502E652" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum broader than long when pretarsal claws are shorter than distal tarsomere, and longer than broad when pretarsal claws are otherwise. Pronotum with many long anteriorly oriented bristles on all margins, which are longer on lateral margins. Pronotum often with mirrored
<normalizedToken id="3EF57A9E64CBD564647B58FB80FD1685" originalValue="“P”">&quot;P&quot;</normalizedToken>
shaped markings medially. Prescutum 2 and 3, mesoscutum and metascutum with many short, posteriorly-oriented white setae on posterior margins, and meso and metascutella with longer white setae on posterior margins. Thorax with many decumbent setae laterally, and mesepisternum frequently with a sulcus mesally. Lateral side of thorax sometimes with a longitudinal pale band, which covers episternum and epimeron of meso and metathorax, and contrasts with ventral thorax which is darker. Mesonotum without blade-like setae. -
<emphasis id="06D320DA19279562C1A0BC9F4BFF73BA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Legs</emphasis>
: Legs with many short decumbent setae. Femoral sense hair present or absent. If present, profemoral sense hair as long as femur and much longer than that of mesoleg, which is shorter than mesofemur. Femur with or without black and/or white bristles. Tibiae with many black bristles, which are longer than femoral bristles, when present. Tibial bristles as long as tibial width, when femoral bristles are absent. Tibial spurs present, longer than basitarsus. Five tarsomeres, longer than broad. Distal tarsomere much longer than basitarsus. Pretarsal claws at least 2/3 of distal tarsomere length, more commonly longer than distal tarsomere. -
<emphasis id="B2BF71AD6E8320AD8DF0E1C89EDB2321" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Wings</emphasis>
: Pilula axillaris well developed. Forewing as long as hind wing or slightly longer. Both anterior and posterior banksian line well developed and present in both wings. Wing membrane mostly hyaline, sometimes with a reddish or brownish tint. Forewing costal area simple at least until midwing length. Posterior area of forewing about as broad as that of hind wing. Forewing rhegmal area with brown infuscation on rhegmal crossveins. Forewing vein CuP runs along posterior fork of CuA, with at least four crossveins connecting them. Forewing vein 2A running towards posterior wing margin in a smooth curve. Forewing vein 2A connected to 3A by a crossvein, or touching 3A before running towards posterior wing margin. Hind wing CuA runs along posterior branch of MP fork with at least four crossveins connecting them. -
<emphasis id="4E62FC83F3D136F1EC1B36E97759018F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Male abdomen longer or much longer than wings, female abdomen shorter than wings, or almost 1.5
<normalizedToken id="992D4B6CF59D56927A7CFA91E3E5C9D7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wings. Male tergite IX with many long, thick setae ventrally. Male tergite IX subquadrangular, with posteroventral margin slightly swollen and with many posterior oriented setae. Male ectoproct with a developed short postventral lobe, which is subequal to half of ectoproct height, without median or secondary lobes. Parameres posteriorly plate-like, arched, striated on external face of paramere plates, with a basal lateral hollow tooth on each side, and high sclerotized posterior folds. Parameres with a hinge mesally on internal face of each paramere plate, and with a row of short setae on each internal margin. Parameres anterior to hinge smooth,
<normalizedToken id="F512D1257A54EDC89D5D52868CB140D2" originalValue="“spoon-like”">&quot;spoon-like&quot;</normalizedToken>
, positioned between parameres plates (in
<normalizedToken id="E6D2E9E52E1B1BC969CAE205A7F8077D" originalValue="“folding”">&quot;folding&quot;</normalizedToken>
position), and fused dorsally with an anterior bifurcated projection. Gonarcus smooth, membranous, with long anteriorly projected arms which are flat and long. Gonarcus positioned anterior to parameres, arching barely dorsad to parameres anterior bifurcation and dovetailing or almost dovetailing behind parameres plates lateral tooth. Genitalic sacs lateral to paramere tooth, with many clavate setae that reach beyond and/or above and posteriorly to paramere plates. Female terminalia with pregenital plate membranous with many setae. Gonapophyseal plate elongate, but shorter than posterior gonapophysis. Posterior gonapophysis digitiform, with many setae. Lateral gonapophysis fused, with well-developed digging setae. Ectoproct with well developed digging setae. -
<emphasis id="68ABF845053B0621EA5DE602305B1608" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
Larva (third instar).
<emphasis id="9525A152D4752BD952EB718589884B10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Head</emphasis>
</emphasis>
: Larvae with three teeth. Mandible with distance between mandible base and basal tooth longer than between teeth. Mandible not enlarged at base. Some setae on external margin of mandibles base with length as long or almost as long as mandible base width. Internal margin of mandibles roughly straight until reaching distal teeth, and roughly about the same width. Distal tooth smaller than basal and medial teeth and oblique in relation to other teeth. Distal tooth closer to medial tooth than medial tooth is to basal tooth. Head capsule on dorsal view as broad as long or slightly broader than long. Head capsule on ventral view longer than broad or as long as broad. Head dorsal surface with thread-like setae near posterolateral margins. Head capsule dorsally with many short, thick, blunt dolichasters and very short, almost
<normalizedToken id="7CA6F7B0B0E30D85A88C57E4BFEBF581" originalValue="“sphere-like”">&quot;sphere-like&quot;</normalizedToken>
dolichasters, ventrally with short, thin dolichasters, and long and thick setae on lateral margins, which are straight on the anterior portion of head, and curved on posterior portion of head. Labrum with a row of thick, cylindrical dolichasters on posterior margin. Palpi with three segments, distal palpomere bigger than basal palpomere, which is bigger than mid palpomere. Distal palpomere enlarged at base with an acute end. Presence of rowed thick, cylindrical, white dolichasters near base of each palpi. -
<emphasis id="6D7778CD79E58527F2EF7D18ED0D98F6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Thorax</emphasis>
: Dorsal surface sometimes covered with thread-like setae. Dorsal surface prunescent, covered with short dolichasters. Thoraxic dorsal sclerites with short rowed dolichasters on all margins. Thorax ventral surface with long hair-like setae. Prothorax with many short, curved bristles on anterior margin. Mesothoracic spiracle borne on tubercle, tubercle length half of metathorax width at most. Tubercule covered with thread-like setae. Metathorax with two pedunculated setiferous processess on lateral margins, which bear many long bristles. Metathorax with a pair of eliptical dark spots submedially. -
<emphasis id="88A0D7E960E8881E6682C4DFA9FD19A6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Abdominal tergites with thread-like setae, and sternites sometimes with thread-like setae. Abdominal spiracles not enlarged nor borne on tubercles. Setiferous processes on abdominal lateral margins bearing long white, black, or black and white bristles. Setiferous processes on abdominal lateroventral margins with hair-like setae. First abdominal tergite with two eliptical black spots submedially, almost aligned with metathoraxic dark spots. Odontoid process on sternite VIII longer than basal width. Ninth sternite covered with thread-like setae. Rastra with 4 thick setae, with innermost setae much shorter than remaining setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AC109F0B42F9A66A05FBEF6DF90F3ED8" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="A495C18F04EF144D44B97C2AF28B97A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81D986B559B80FA2847503CEE9580F6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
At first look,
<taxonomicName id="535060946D98AC4ADA81ABA0DBDDF00E" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A45A9951DFFD2D3CBBDF0A8B88B71BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can look similar to
<taxonomicName id="106544A36351F86DB9D55E1DD24CB430" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Argentoleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argentoleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2E2E01514B75276833B4C78D4639C318" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Argentoleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or to large
<taxonomicName id="25CE59BA5D83F0BE6DF9459318CF933B" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austroleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="843C9EB38DB7F46C248E2B4C5ECC3049" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Austroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, but can be readily differentiated from both genera by the short male postventral ectoproct lobes (which are much longer in
<taxonomicName id="2239A5C378151B00B53CCB2411BD002E" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Argentoleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argentoleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5A4561CA428B772B22C23A648152087D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Argentoleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and absent in
<taxonomicName id="93CA57E2595FFD5EF7BF27020F583FF3" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austroleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="356CFCD464F7BFC2DA46D73D7A1F6A85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Austroleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the presence of both banksian lines in both wings; and the much longer hind wing CuA. Other
<taxonomicName id="CC696A4DC92B7E5C8190AD643562B6DA" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1927" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="tribe" tribe="Brachynemurini">Brachynemurini</taxonomicName>
species bear a long hind wing CuA vein (such as
<taxonomicName id="7B20586480DD768D332F3A46971D4057" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Brachynemurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachynemurus fuscus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscus">
<emphasis id="B4FAC7B0FEC04844EE5D086C1B2B282D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Brachynemurus fuscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Banks) and
<taxonomicName id="F91019009A122E6E860D853B1A398411" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Brachynemurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachynemurus nebulosus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="B0ADCB037CB0209C8B883F736077A368" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Brachynemurus nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Olivier)) or both banksian lines in both wings (
<taxonomicName id="4A9B5AA9FD6CFDEE31FF9492504FC045" lsidName="B. nebulosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
<emphasis id="DD0FB86EA0305369B27C4EDDC03E9AB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">B. nebulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but they are very different regarding distributional ranges and other
<taxonomicName id="B5D0F6F1AF0DD8D3E14FB56343646FA1" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CD3198C12C89A546F10AC4D7079D1E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diagnostic characters, such as the simple forewing costal area cells.
<taxonomicName id="89628E539D08B904510C4E34A4BD4094" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6213399FDD5502F75E66D5201416D02C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia is also very conspicuous (Figs
<figureCitation id="DD298AA4456E7F23EED2332DC273E879" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of Ameromyia nigriventris male genitalia: A lateral view. B Posterior view. - Abbreviations: cs, clavate setae; et, ectoproct; go (h), gonarcus, hidden under pleura; hs, hinge setae; pah, paramere hinge; pap, paramere plate; pat, paramere tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860591" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="C3E82EC9C483FF246D06C588EB7EF4B1" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male genitalia of Ameromyia explicata sp. nov., cleared in KOH: A dorsal view, in folded conformation. B Dorsal view, in unfolded conformation. C Lateral view, in folded conformation. D Lateral view, in unfolded conformation. - Abbreviations: cs, clavate setae; go, gonarcus; pah, paramere hinge; pap, paramere plate; pat, paramere tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860592" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">10</figureCitation>
), as the paramere plates are enlarged and the paramere hooks are short and stout, and basad to paramere plates. The gonarcus is membranous and arches anterior to the parameres, with no mediuncus. The most similar-like genitalia to be found among
<taxonomicName id="9E101D58D2094F77D87A76B42FD77019" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1927" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="tribe" tribe="Brachynemurini">Brachynemurini</taxonomicName>
in previous studies is in
<taxonomicName id="0F3C27019407C9EE307ED50BD813228E" authorityName="Miller &amp; Stange" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Peruveleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peruveleon" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7ADA178FEE0B2C229BFC94D14235BC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Peruveleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Miller and Stange (
<bibRefCitation id="6E21F1578C7EBB5895283D91882E3E96" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Lilloana" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B51" refString="Stange, LA, 1970. Revision of the ant-lion tribe Brachynemurini of North America (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 55: vi + 1-192." title="Revision of the ant-lion tribe Brachynemurini of North America (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 55: vi + 1 - 192." year="1970">Stange 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EC570335B58BC758B5F237A930488D82" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="67 - 119" refId="B54" refString="Stange, LA, 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119" title="Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." volume="8" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
), but this genus is easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="20D28249616A92708A0B4B064AC36686" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2E5EBC73561B7BEE06C5F3F67E5DFCBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by many morphological characters such as leg chaetotaxy, the length of the hind wing CuA vein, and also by molecular data (
<bibRefCitation id="A9CC7094B949E6D7C091A4B4BFFA9660" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" author="Machado, RJP" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B16" refString="Machado, RJP, Gillung, JP, Winterton, SL, Garzon-Orduna, IJ, Lemmon, AR, Lemmon, EM, Oswald, JD, 2019. Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology 44: 418-450 [pre-volume: 1-33]. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" title="Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology 44: 418 - 450 [pre-volume: 1 - 33]." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12334" year="2019">Machado et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="967757BA1993E2D79498BFD0FF852D34" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
Two species groups are determined based on taxonomical characters of wing veins, male genitalia, and cladistic results: the '
<taxonomicName id="95C3BC44F310669832323EE0DEB67F41" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia modesta" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="01DF2F1B9C3D17D2226D6DDBE90DAC94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="3533A0412BCD1BF9EE4A824F5A50CDFD" originalValue="group’">group'</normalizedToken>
and '
<taxonomicName id="233EFBBCBFD3DB53FD7BFFA5175F0FB2" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia nigriventris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="4E633F8978B95E628C6546200D6690B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="6FC3050C23A99A3777F0A0807A850149" originalValue="group’">group'</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="963056A0E645661BA515CB312A45A59E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Phylogenetical hypothesis for Ameromyia: strict consensus cladogram resulting from analyses under equal weighting. Capital letters next to nodes and colored background around nodes and stems indicates the clades and species groups referred in text, respectively. Squares ordered on stems indicates characters used in the analysis: number above square and number under square indicates number of character and state of character as stated on &quot; Character List &quot; section. Filled squares indicates synapomorphies and blank squares indicates homoplasies. Values under branches indicates their support values for Bremer absolute and relative values, and resampling values (GC) respectivelly. A Proposed classificaton for Ameromyia Ameromyia sensu Ameromyia novo. B Alternative tree." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860593" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">11</figureCitation>
). These two species groups were previously named and identified by
<bibRefCitation id="17A4065D4604EE9E45FAFB0F714432C0" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="67 - 119" refId="B54" refString="Stange, LA, 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119" title="Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." volume="8" year="1994">Stange (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, but were classified only by larval characters. The
<taxonomicName id="1FEEC859A6D1B062394F87010B378622" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia modesta" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="9F3701AEF7D0DD9DCB2AAC148C81D85F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group can now be characterized by the abdomen length, which is longer than wings in females and almost double the length of wings in males, as well as the sickled club of the clavate setae on male genitalia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="073D1CF002399DF85654D91C7FD5BDD9" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ameromyia male terminalia and genitalia chaetotaxy: A A. protensa lectotype male terminalia, lateral view, photograph by Lara Lopardo (EMAU). B A. explicata sp. nov., globose club of genitalic sac clavate setae. C A. guarica, same but club sickled. D A. clepsydra sp. nov., same, but club subglobose. - Abbreviations: et, ectoproct; etl, ectoproct postventral lobe." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860589" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">7C</figureCitation>
), while the
<taxonomicName id="EB8A8F15DB8FAF89965E75F9B6381655" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia nigriventris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="74C5AB8D00E50D2DE4392827EB611C90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is characterized mostly by the hind wing posterior area cells, which are as high as long or higher than long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2956E7D38A5AD93D19D5B7DD630927B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
Within groups, however,
<taxonomicName id="44E90C45F71BCD7FC0B3AE94BA7CBDF0" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="44F2AF83F40BECDD2369E5FEF3E88963" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are very morphologically similar, differing mostly in coloration. Coloration pattern on main wing veins such as Sc, R, Cu and A veins appears to be consistent across species, but markings pattern on wing membrane can be polymorphic within species. Thorax pronotal markings are also usually very similar within
<taxonomicName id="18B9324E8F180C4841B5BA3C139BEC9F" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="74C97552CAF422EE9C23171A09273D76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but some species bear unique markings which are consistent within specimens, such as
<taxonomicName id="22BE26ED6CE0726BB96B9EBA5E0394D2" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. modesta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="9E4E4078D3682A1A272785718FC24DE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation id="A234FC52AA930F918D33AE50F9FF1270" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Live specimens of Ameromyia. A A. strigosa, Argentina, by Quentin Vandemoortele. B A. muralli, Brazil, by Eli Vieira Araujo-Jnr. C A. modesta, Surinam, by Tom Murray. D A. pubiventris, Brazil, by Carlos Jose Correia de Santana. E A. clepsydra sp. nov., Brazil. F A. explicata sp. nov., Brazil. Latter photographs by Leon Tavares." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860583" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3D42724764EF39C663511E29F5971D81" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ameromyia specimen views: A A. strigosa, head and forelegs, frontal view. B A. guarica and C A. modesta, head and thorax, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860584" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="774125C5CD94649B3CC63ADABFFE46CF" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Ameromyia modesta holotype: A dorsal view. B Lateral view. C Type labels. Photographs by Charles Farnum, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860610" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">28A</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="23EC6D9E5064254D5CDB720DC19F526E" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. protensa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="protensa">
<emphasis id="12B37B0A8E3FC904CBAA0BD17A573A17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. protensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="ED9E4D401C69BFCFFDF7014DEF202F9B" captionStart="Figure 39" captionStartId="F39" captionText="Figure 39. Ameromyia protensa: A male specimen, dorsal view. B Lectotype head and forelegs, frontal view. C Lectotype head, thorax and legs, lateral view. D Male terminalia, lateral view. E Illustration of male genitalia, lateral view. Type photographs by Lara Lopardo (EMAU). - Abbreviations: cs, clavate setae; et, ectoproct; etl, ectoproct postventral lobe; go, gonarcus; hs, hinge setae; pah, paramere hinge; pap, paramere plate; pat, paramere tooth; st, sternite; tg, tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure39" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860621" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">39A</figureCitation>
). Leg characters are usually informative, and although badly conserved specimens can show misleading color patterns as they can faint or darken over time, leg chaetotaxy is very consistent within species. Genitalic structures are little informative.
<taxonomicName id="BAECA5DE108D3D7AF5C355E40C8CEEF4" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C61FA6BB09F17F0FC4BCD17FB1EFAC41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male specimens have hinged parameres (
<taxonomicName id="7555827ABAC5209E7C3AF440396F39B2" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia sensu" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">Ameromyia sensu</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="F172AC24FF8282B5EC41AC72AE4BA7A2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1956/54623" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="82 - 108" refId="B2" refString="Adams, PA, 1956. New ant-lions from the southwestern United States (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Psyche 63: 82 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1956/54623" title="New ant-lions from the southwestern United States (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1956/54623" volume="63" year="1956">Adams 1956</bibRefCitation>
) and a highly membranous gonarcus, and thus genitalic structure can be complex to visualize as the sclerites can bend and flex. At dorsal view, all known species bear almost identical male genitalia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="241F200CE1644929CBF612337FDE62D1" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Male genitalia of Ameromyia explicata sp. nov., cleared in KOH: A dorsal view, in folded conformation. B Dorsal view, in unfolded conformation. C Lateral view, in folded conformation. D Lateral view, in unfolded conformation. - Abbreviations: cs, clavate setae; go, gonarcus; pah, paramere hinge; pap, paramere plate; pat, paramere tooth." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860592" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">10A</figureCitation>
), and female genitalia presents close to no variation between species, even when across different species groups (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2EE8A93198740DC3A2A46569D6B80467" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ameromyia female terminalia: A A. protensa, lateral view. B A. protensa, posterior view. C A. nigriventris, ventral view. Photographs by Lara Lopardo (EMAU). - Abbreviations: et, ectoproct; ds, digging setae; gp, gonapophyseal plate; lg, lateral gonapophysis; pg, posterior gonapophysis; pp, pregenital plate; st, sternite, tg, tergite." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860590" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">8</figureCitation>
). The digging setae on female terminalia can present some slight variation on thickness and/or length across specimens, but this is probably a regional adaptation for the granulometry of available sand pools across different habitats. Due to this great genitalic similarity between species, female terminalia and genitalia are only described in each description section when that species bear some morphological variation, and male genitalia is illustrated only in lateral view, in folding position, for each species section, as the lateral view provides more information as to the shape of the parameres (
<bibRefCitation id="3777190CBA35537FDF6D6D0FA9337F9C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1155/1956/54623" author="Adams, PA" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="82 - 108" refId="B2" refString="Adams, PA, 1956. New ant-lions from the southwestern United States (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Psyche 63: 82 - 108, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/1956/54623" title="New ant-lions from the southwestern United States (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1155/1956/54623" volume="63" year="1956">Adams 1956</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01A5252380431D0C498CFE7E27C60DD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
The larvae of most
<taxonomicName id="713779F2D675A7EC0A72A54EBC142565" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67CD9318E789D5645C3AE81EB0D092D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are currently unknown, except for
<taxonomicName id="512FD01A6D67F3177A34B08E86554237" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="C6BEE6C6E8AF306C995B8EA4F5147766" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D67AD983B0AF536FE61D50CF16CCB2AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="9CFFD7E3B201B53DA4544A631F60F0E2" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. guarica" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="guarica">
<emphasis id="E486FF76CEE68A7CF6C1FED0230A525A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. guarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1C585B7BF45C8745F726C03342E5D5D5" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. modesta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="8AF436FC1F63BBD5FD03471DC7FC8AB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="659B82F601FEB62F4120EC829FE04C53" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="24EFC0792E73320C99EEC3C1238C3B01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="3DB56D3715A6CA4474DE3745B94D829C" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B56" refString="Stange, LA, 2004. A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 74: [iv] + 565." title="A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 74: [iv] + 565." year="2004">Stange (2004)</bibRefCitation>
described the presence of thread-like setae on dorsal segments (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FA4F5607365A39456B7EA315CE8BBE78" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. SEM micrograph of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov. third instar larvae: A head, dorsal view. B Thorax, dorsal view. C Mesothoracic tubercle, dorsal view. D Abdomen terminalia, ventral view. - Abbreviations: an, antennae; bt, basal tooth; dgs, digging setae; ds, dolichasters; dt, distal tooth; mdt, medial tooth; met, metathorax; mt, mesothorax; oc, occelli; op, odontoid process; pt, prothorax; ra, rastra; sr, spiracle; st, sternite; ts, thread-like setae; tu, tubercle." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860596" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">14A-C</figureCitation>
) as a character for differentiating the two groups, as it is present in
<taxonomicName id="647D97E28E2D6D99FFBE11C080B828F9" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. modesta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="04C4E65404DFCFB5CE263E1AD82FCBBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but described as absent in
<taxonomicName id="D6369A3E174B587F92B79F420B536941" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="7AAE667C721EA2EC0FE546AE3004B9D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is present in all known
<taxonomicName id="0FCEBA06987CA7FD49EB9E8FEB1E30C6" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B3819B0E690A69334A73DA6E8A912745" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B4C2342F37652195C57FDF79BBA5D7EA" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860596" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="92CA25A849BA5CC4DA670E956EF36DD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<emphasis id="011ABB9106126DBFC3AEBCDB32599B88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Figure 14.</emphasis>
SEM micrograph of
<taxonomicName id="8DAFF22A5427C7C7EF48CFC542E8D2F5" authorityName="Tavares" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia clepsydra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="E38AEBF0369B3252EFE97A96B15B14F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="472151272417F260813FA493FBAA36A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
third instar larvae:
<emphasis id="27DBADC2BC231199E9632052118CC4E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
head, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="1CD569502D0059958E9CF3D9D03C4E79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
Thorax, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="6951F1E0015FC7C21CCDCBEAC4FD238B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">C</emphasis>
Mesothoracic tubercle, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="EE248B600501A2186518C0F71A577CA6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">D</emphasis>
Abdomen terminalia, ventral view. - Abbreviations: an, antennae; bt, basal tooth; dgs, digging setae; ds, dolichasters; dt, distal tooth; mdt, medial tooth; met, metathorax; mt, mesothorax; oc, occelli; op, odontoid process; pt, prothorax; ra, rastra; sr, spiracle; st, sternite; ts, thread-like setae; tu, tubercle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B32B3441436A5F33E5CDB98445FA899" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="F0BEA8562219E250F20A1F5CB82545A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FABBFBD6AEBF66A616A0B8175AE7679" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
Very few data have been made available regarding
<taxonomicName id="873BB67878CC6EF034CB0D2AE1E44C67" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="83B687936DF6B72BBF960C98F61EA169" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
biology and/or behaviour.
<bibRefCitation id="D9FAAD295E8B57DAB2BAB8921AA4A6F5" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="67 - 119" refId="B54" refString="Stange, LA, 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119" title="Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." volume="8" year="1994">Stange (1994)</bibRefCitation>
stated the known larvae lives on sand dunes, and later (2004) stated the adults rests on grass stems during the day. In this study, we have observed and/or reared in captivity adults from four species (
<taxonomicName id="C8DCA6E39C33BDE7E50AF63D17C244A3" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="9D4C2A8EEF9C0A56F7D071DB0FF99CC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9726997BF565FC01A9668FDB4A0D3823" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
;
<taxonomicName id="ABBD9D5B35680E5D7EA471132CEBE475" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. explicata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="explicata">
<emphasis id="5306BF92FB9BA9470B09100E7DE70D0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. explicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D86A43E2BD1D5F6E291D8B5192AA6F42" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="668049C19B6912D197FF5A189EC246C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
A
<taxonomicName id="16635E87E7D1100FB712E83DCC3AF633" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia nigriventris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">Ameromyia nigriventris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="ADE86D977894B1B08BFF381BA4FA6472" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. strigosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="A2C40C6F5BF527F57390B5F8A192AB9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and larvae from two species (
<taxonomicName id="56E82E94190062B78DC4B75F22AF4802" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="A3F8D1C4C772AB6641A37A6E0567DE6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4B125C8CAD69B01BC7E390B70CB6927" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="D6F77961E593A1F28BC627E82D9AE55D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
A
<taxonomicName id="25F3C3555A3F0185F9DAF4CD2C39C7C2" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia nigriventris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">Ameromyia nigriventris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). Adults from all species observed except for
<taxonomicName id="6A859A9DA551EF1DE77A0F807016E1F7" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="B36CC49E9E1AFAD3EAE073462C5D39E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="808CC9F315344BCF75BA09A6A99E0DE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
were capable of flying high, at at least 2 m above ground, and when in captivity, they almost always perched at the top of the rearing enclosure. In their natural habitat,
<taxonomicName id="0410139550E0E881D5A162417C19335E" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="3A68C36FCC9BB0EAC4ADA4A00F760769" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females were seen flying close to the ground, presumably scouting for good ovipositioning spots, while all observed males which were near the ground were found slowly hovering in place, just above patches of loose earth which were apparently suitable for larvae. It is unknown if this is somehow a courting behaviour. Regardless of sex, when disturbed, specimens would quickly try to outmanouver their catcher, then rapidly ascend in the air and gain speed with the wind. Wild specimens of
<taxonomicName id="3FE2B60D72F13444D5CB287E74E0FD8D" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="A023B1459D37E23BC1E292F6ED75BE53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FA0CEDCEA8DBE0705F2F8777C347958E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
were always observed flying very low, close to the bedrock, and no such ascending behaviour could be seen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18B28B3DD332C3CA83A97DE11FA19E26" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
In this work, no feeding behaviour was observed in the wild, but in captivity, adult specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D1FFCAB0E8182E34F0D548D571524258" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. explicata" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="explicata">
<emphasis id="424D3C940D964622B3058921C74C1681" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. explicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D2BD3D715FDD31F579AE59D4EF911EBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="AE53B50D6CBDA0035F2B11D613FAD5E1" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="634F83C842D5C2583C2C431940754E08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="674F2210CB51BAE7FD804C1786B0F8D4" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. strigosa" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="strigosa">
<emphasis id="C4AEC8E38849A01CC08F44571AB1792C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. strigosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
accepted
<taxonomicName id="C3967877D01DEBEF5F5978A2E3A3F546" lsidName="D. melanogaster" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="melanogaster">
<emphasis id="9B2937ED19A7F5517A1B0593710BDEE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">D. melanogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as prey. Aphids, maggots, small catterpillars and green lacewings were offered, but none were succesfully preyed upon. Maggots were only eaten when handfed, and small catterpillars were only eaten when handfed, and if some hemolymph or gut content was exposed. All adult specimens accepted artificial diets such as honey + water, boiled egg white, and gelatin with sugar and egg yolk. However, all artificial foods were only eaten when handfed and individuals would starve to death otherwise, even if the food was left inside the enclosures. This suggests these
<taxonomicName id="991D931AEB4DF1DE44B078DF71C0C694" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E11B1BE2F37FFB4058F50AD49BFA6F22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species might rely solely on aerial hunting for feeding. Diets consisting of only sugar and water would only sustain individuals for a week, whether in every other diet (both natural and artificial) the specimens lived for approximately three weeks. Starving adults would die in two or three days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DBE6931E03B5A653D22EABF9D25FB43" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="E74FE546AD351023C195E66656564117" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. modesta" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="3D6079186543E500999BEA0B490A286C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C3829344351683753FC1EA25EDFAF65D" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="DB8A0686B1C902D2AE384F00617BD70E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described as living in sand dunes, and
<taxonomicName id="666197E528DE4B6EB126F08F3E6ABE64" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. guarica" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="guarica">
<emphasis id="4510940E18CA9A7B38F53C38E9E6D8F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. guarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described as living in shallow sand anchored to bedrock (
<bibRefCitation id="BB805DCBC969F49D974A08E55ADC66B2" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" pagination="67 - 119" refId="B54" refString="Stange, LA, 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119" title="Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)." volume="8" year="1994">Stange 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Of the larvae reared in the present work, that of
<taxonomicName id="01FFE3A2BB13762404CAE81CD7DB1ABD" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="DA687708B5EBC9237384BAC0016D65D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CB4FFD2B1ACEB2C064F94CADC8B7012F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="A2F9387F511BF3A4F4466C06A6710110" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. D Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">15B, C</figureCitation>
), lives in the same microhabitat as described for
<taxonomicName id="11FA22167F1CE443281C632D7F5EA5FD" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. guarica" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="guarica">
<emphasis id="CA26F6BFDC4F2D27310D7CD3691196F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. guarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: shallow, water-deposited sand on top of a river bedrock (Fig.
<figureCitation id="37479B0A101F84C9910FCC341CA7C056" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. D Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">15A</figureCitation>
). The
<taxonomicName id="BC8373A1B5DC546CA1E4C5B468D843B4" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="475B9583D40B778A91FC89B323A1E4A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae collected during this work were found on patches of loose, sandy wind-deposited earth on top of compacted clay soil (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6FB45875565256824BE0E85A921FFE4A" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia nigriventris, in Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroundings and sandy substrate on compacted soil. B First-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. C Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Coccoon, exposed on a dug-out &quot; trench &quot;. - Abbreviations: sp, sand pools; tr, trenches." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860598" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">16A</figureCitation>
). Despite the habitat differences, there is much similarity to the analyzed larvae microhabitat.
<taxonomicName id="0C87C7E165C302AA2FADBB6E2A20A17B" genus="Ameromia" lsidName="Ameromia nigriventris" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="537AD9CD14F258AB9292785F3DA66E69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromia nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae stays submerged in the loose, sandy soil, while using the compacted clay as a hard substrate which they anchor themselves to (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1A8AACBE703A9B657CE7713B056BBDA1" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia nigriventris, in Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroundings and sandy substrate on compacted soil. B First-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. C Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Coccoon, exposed on a dug-out &quot; trench &quot;. - Abbreviations: sp, sand pools; tr, trenches." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860598" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">16B, C</figureCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="F3D927CB2D70CF3777981C2AE887FDD6" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clespydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clespydra">
<emphasis id="A6CB9DCEFB81CC16DE375A470377EF2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clespydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="84FEF97C67DC56C83E5D0ED8457C1E2F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
anchor themselves to the bedrock itself or the shallow compacted sand on top of the same bedrock (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8A4151430673009CC8825C4B134BECEC" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. D Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">15B, C</figureCitation>
). Almost always, larvae were found on small
<normalizedToken id="AE807E99D61C18D27CD9BA03B7D8F484" originalValue="“trenches”">&quot;trenches&quot;</normalizedToken>
, presumably dug out by the larvae themselves (Figs
<figureCitation id="4AA1B06F27B244246D8089E043E03A99" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. D Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">15B, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5E554E292BBAF27F5D6924BC64513B5A" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia nigriventris, in Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroundings and sandy substrate on compacted soil. B First-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. C Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Coccoon, exposed on a dug-out &quot; trench &quot;. - Abbreviations: sp, sand pools; tr, trenches." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860598" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">16B-D</figureCitation>
). All known
<taxonomicName id="80FE489989B11739568EE9E1F6C2C2EC" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="984A2AA438DC6F24E23714FD683024B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae bear many long bristles on thoraxic and abdominal setiferous processes, which would help in escavating suitable holes in hardened substrate. When exposed, the larvae would slightly contract themselves into their holes, and remain still for a while. Then, they would try to dig backwards, or leave their spot and walk forwards, towards a new hiding place. When moving forwards, regardless of instar,
<taxonomicName id="08FB1A0A60A399C9DDC20262C64961A3" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. nigriventris" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="237C2AE332BDE1D0508FBE33A0176395" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are very quick and highly agile, while
<taxonomicName id="CA2D1849BD6EC86CA3BB77EA635E8549" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="3779D2F79E0BA7B03F772AD4D6E9F539" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="2D3F2C964B1113263E3C967D1D810600" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
are very slow and lethargic, sometimes refusing to move even if poked or disturbed. Coccoons (empty or with pupae still inside) in the wild were found in the same said
<normalizedToken id="341325B24F2BF24775F8ED1BC0967BF4" originalValue="“trenches”">&quot;trenches&quot;</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="EE84D99ACA9583AFB369D01B6B013EA6" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia nigriventris, in Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroundings and sandy substrate on compacted soil. B First-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. C Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Coccoon, exposed on a dug-out &quot; trench &quot;. - Abbreviations: sp, sand pools; tr, trenches." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860598" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">16D</figureCitation>
), or protected by bedrock (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9DA673E3018CE56454962883636F5571" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Collection site and habitat of Ameromyia clepsydra sp. nov., in Andarai, Bahia, Brazil: A site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock. B Second-instar larvae exposed in its &quot; trench &quot;. D Third-instar larvae exposed on its &quot; trench &quot;. D Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">15D</figureCitation>
). When in captivity,
<taxonomicName id="6A72ACEEF8FD0F4F360B38842659A6CC" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="89408166616CD7861DD5944E13EC1847" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae were highly sensitive about the presence or absence of both the hard substrate to achor themselves to, and to said
<normalizedToken id="DFA90D7FA43DEBC6B7037C6A06A11C87" originalValue="“trenches”">&quot;trenches&quot;</normalizedToken>
. Larvae from both reared species would easily startle and hardly feed in the absence of a similar hard substrate, and
<taxonomicName id="5276347FE80904AB24157D4636A4BCBF" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. clepsydra" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="357AADB88A0AA72D3D7B7B4081D6BBF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A. clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="61A118094B6C14F890A6B09FEB62ECBE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
larvae in the late third instar would not spin a coccoon nor pupate, and instead walk incessantly until it found an appropriate substrate or until death. To simulate the hard achorage of their natural habitat, plaster or styrofoam was &quot;dug out&quot; and then fit into the larvae plastic enclosures, which highly decreased larvae mortality. This highly suggests
<taxonomicName id="EEDDA5C2D2BBE7542D43A270BFC8E617" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="58229CFDB7CF303ECD3DC2645EFCC4A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are much more sensible to microhabitat selection and alterations, as other larvae collected from the same sites and in similar microhabitats (such as
<taxonomicName id="1BA27B513ED934EB09C9F11C679F3BF0" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austroleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austroleon immitis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immitis">
<emphasis id="1960008EC3D10575A2401CB2D6BEBD31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Austroleon immitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9759F5744848907EA752643E88B0A7F7" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dimarella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dimarella riparia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="riparia">
<emphasis id="DB9E07C1DF26546B50677BF6FDC99B97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Dimarella riparia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) were able to feed, develop and pupate normally even in the absence of these specific microhabitat conditions. Although larvae from other species were not found during this work, as the morphology and chaetotaxy of female terminalia is consistently similar throughout the genus, larvae habitat might also be similar, as the characteristics of female terminalia affects oviposition and the selection of larvae habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="0CD68CEAF36996CF0E38D601DBFA2ABF" author="Stange, LA" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" refId="B53" refString="Stange, LA, Miller, RB, 1990. Classification of Myrmeleontidae based on larvae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Advances in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neuropterology (3-4 February 1988, Berg en Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa) (ed. by M.W. Mansell and H. Aspoeck), pp. 151-169." title="Classification of Myrmeleontidae based on larvae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Advances in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neuropterology (3 - 4 February 1988, Berg en Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa) (ed. by M. W. Mansell and H. Aspoeck), pp. 151 - 169." year="1990">Stange and Miller 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E64C7EB1C77E46B946C1855B7505A326" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860597" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="A8E1BA387EC5C143EBE111E8406BA043" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<emphasis id="2EC2E7D91C5AF5F06B1BEAED91C1D655" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Collection site and habitat of
<taxonomicName id="7C40918F5802585D4241966834C76CA1" authorityName="Tavares" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia clepsydra" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clepsydra">
<emphasis id="3607E72405E6E3E0DFE9FD2BC5C642BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia clepsydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A4A7EB6DD97E3340C7D62B3458FED6AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">sp. nov.</emphasis>
, in
<normalizedToken id="E171EF65230F5BC79703BCFD6B54A1C3" originalValue="Andaraí">Andarai</normalizedToken>
, Bahia, Brazil:
<emphasis id="7815D9D4E93A41227750FC2C8E1B2811" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
site surroudings and sandy substrate on bedrock.
<emphasis id="1EFC5F7B485A6360CD440409C54FD7BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
Second-instar larvae exposed in its
<normalizedToken id="214F5D186BB12C577BA646400653349C" originalValue="“trench”">&quot;trench&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="1A8FD609CB057E6B1B4EA80B050CBF4E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">D</emphasis>
Third-instar larvae exposed on its
<normalizedToken id="2E1245A29A04828F74F5CC5A3F6A968C" originalValue="“trench”">&quot;trench&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="EB963FAA45E5D00E24953AF4C6313F60" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">D</emphasis>
Empty, open coccoon on bedrock crevice. - Abbreviations: cc, coccoon; sp, sand pools.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8B594BBA2542D22CF89D10D3C8E9C78F" doi="10.3897/asp.81.e89641.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/860598" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="2ACF721724BBBD6F0854C0A94ABCE8C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">
<emphasis id="DD8FED6EDF21172988DF319E9D980602" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Collection site and habitat of
<taxonomicName id="B8DB9169005C970D024A96460BA06D1F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ameromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ameromyia nigriventris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
<emphasis id="C50FFAB657E760FF8006FF0273116B16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">Ameromyia nigriventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil:
<emphasis id="D59C116ABAAA057B4F6A355C75D37246" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">A</emphasis>
site surroundings and sandy substrate on compacted soil.
<emphasis id="4BD80B1F050A05FFF2386345DA01CD9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">B</emphasis>
First-instar larvae exposed in its
<normalizedToken id="41483E75FBB1128C9FDE172D48A26019" originalValue="“trench”">&quot;trench&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="2350CB7D700BA9D4B188FA97AABD18CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">C</emphasis>
Third-instar larvae exposed on its
<normalizedToken id="1602207496F690156F2555D67C3FCA76" originalValue="“trench”">&quot;trench&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis id="E9C697DDDE5679746C4B267AA5C4DFB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="499">D</emphasis>
Coccoon, exposed on a dug-out
<normalizedToken id="AF721C0D682C8F0F417A39B67F6812E1" originalValue="“trench”">&quot;trench&quot;</normalizedToken>
. - Abbreviations: sp, sand pools; tr, trenches.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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