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<document id="E70F83540DA753F3AED46E01524B9C80" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13799439" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13799439" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722538212676" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kavanaugh, David H. &amp; Rainio, Johanna" docDate="2016" docId="0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.63.7.201-268.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 63 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh and Rainio 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="F6075E2F3079FF90FFF5FF92BD630D1B" masterDocTitle="Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="268" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1726771873529" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="79322CE5C49617D7682B2CCDA0C53239" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8F00A8D5D687FF06A8E252CCD4AC77BF">
<mods:title id="351689B8D746472EE38F199B82525F49">Twenty-six New Species of Predaceous Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae) from Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1BDEC3C1C188B7393A838EB710EECC0A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EE36AE7EF348FA69222E73963FF8660F">
<mods:roleTerm id="CB5F37797B25CD23208D720DCDFF8675">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="967CAB3ABB10B1CDF686A0BBF0FBC576">Kavanaugh, David H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0D35E86DD5F89C4F735A6551955CAFE7">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Email: dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org; &amp; Corresponding author: David H. Kavanaugh (dkavanaugh @ calacademy. org)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7E3EC732B73182F94DA0DCD206426E39" type="personal">
<mods:role id="87C8FCCBC3CF0BFAA06A143CB6A5B30E">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D37CA456F3A9EA1168A8634605A1BF4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F29752C0FD98F80F6107849493404ADA">Rainio, Johanna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="73A18C6BB7F0031551556EFF1BFD6346">Department of Ecology and Systematics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 65, FIN- 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Email: kjohannarainio @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9B595D6EB7191B6FD2D1D9E95F134278">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AACE597AFB85547A1745C73EC3556FD9">
<mods:title id="4A7B0E1642E2141147D5D7C6C9391DDF">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7E410A418FDE5CD81F3AEF8B106B91B1">
<mods:date id="56FCC34BDEFCAE8B2BBAAACB1267D08F">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AABF70B5782F4D8D8748B62CEBE1FA05" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EEBCBCE421331C18D3FEB45D5376BAF9">2016-04-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7F082CDB7C99884EAA2F402AA7732E36" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BAA348756DB7897CB913EAACD6C437E2">63</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="192B7AE94B34DF144E27A777AE2CE595" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C729198882FEC43C92B8B2EA405F2106">7</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3AEDA00DE94762780724ED35C4AACC55">201</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="0D6F2CFD7F66DF8FA9980CE47D850629">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FEDA3F7BFD2A2686E99D760B20D47146" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13799439</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="330CB61821EE66840D6A1E38AB125187" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="37951EF02CD3238F71BEB598001333EE" type="Zenodo-Dep">13799439</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<subSubSection id="CA8DC4CA3043FFAAFF8EFF49BE320DE8" box="[123,849,219,243]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="822897413043FFAAFF8EFF49BE320DE8" blockId="58.[123,849,219,273]" box="[123,849,219,243]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<heading id="D960202D3043FFAAFF8EFF49BE320DE8" box="[123,849,219,243]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFF8EFF49BE320DE8" bold="true" box="[123,849,219,243]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23043FFAAFF8EFF49BF8E0DE8" ID-CoL="3SQ9K" authority="Kavanaugh and Rainio" authorityName="Kavanaugh and Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[123,749,219,243]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicoviolacea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Metalebia">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFF8EFF49BDDA0DE8" bold="true" box="[123,185,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Lebia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFF3CFF49BC540DE8" bold="true" box="[201,311,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Metalebia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFEB2FF49BCBE0DE8" bold="true" box="[327,477,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">apicoviolacea</emphasis>
Kavanaugh and Rainio
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABD0F6283043FFAAFD0EFF49BE320DE8" box="[763,849,219,243]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA8DC4CA3043FFAAFF8EFF69BDBB0C0A" box="[123,216,251,273]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="description">
<paragraph id="822897413043FFAAFF8EFF69BDBB0C0A" blockId="58.[123,849,219,273]" box="[123,216,251,273]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<figureCitation id="1AAC8BC43043FFAAFF8EFF69BDBB0C0A" box="[123,216,251,273]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" captionTargetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-809@58.[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 35. Digital images of holotype male of Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. nov. A. Habi- tus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Figure 35</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA8DC4CA3043FFABFF5EFEA7BE9D098D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="822897413043FFAAFF5EFEA7BC740F16" blockId="58.[123,1174,308,623]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFF5EFEA7BC340C50" bold="true" box="[171,343,309,333]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFF5EFEA7BD870C50" baselines="327,326" box="[171,228,309,333]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFF1FFEAABC340C50" baselines="326" box="[234,343,312,331]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.—
<materialsCitation id="32FF9D1C3043FFAAFE8AFEA6BD930CB6" collectingDate="1994-11-25" collectorName="Fianaran. Pr. Ranomafana N. P. &amp; M. A. Ivie &amp; D. A. Pollack" country="Madagascar" latitude="-21.256666" location="Ranomafana" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="47.420834" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33043FFAAFE8AFEA6BC810C57" box="[383,482,308,332]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1AAC8BC43043FFAAFE04FEA6BF1B0C57" box="[497,632,308,333]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" captionTargetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-809@58.[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 35. Digital images of holotype male of Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. nov. A. Habi- tus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Figs. 35A–B</figureCitation>
), a male, in CAS, labeled: “
<collectingCountry id="FA80D7D13043FFAAFC55FEA7B93D0C56" box="[928,1118,309,333]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
:
<collectorName id="2F62F2973043FFAAFB9FFEA6BCC50C77" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
Fianaran. Pr.
<location id="8748C19A3043FFAAFF1FFEC7BC120C76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D:8748C19A3043FFAAFF1FFEC7BC120C76" box="[234,369,341,365]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-21.256666" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="47.420834" name="Ranomafana" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Ranomafana</location>
N.P.
</collectorName>
HQ. area
<geoCoordinate id="E7A3F1863043FFAAFDEDFEC7BFF50C76" box="[536,662,341,365]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-21.256666">21°15’24”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E7A3F1863043FFAAFD6AFEC7BE710C77" box="[671,786,341,365]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" precision="15" seconds="15" value="47.420834">47°25’15E</geoCoordinate>
<date id="F629B1813043FFAAFCEEFEC7BEC70C76" box="[795,932,341,365]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" value="1994-11-25">
<collectingDate id="E66D48693043FFAAFCEEFEC7BEC70C76" box="[795,932,341,365]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" value="1994-11-25">25NOV1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, at night
<collectorName id="2F62F2973043FFAAFBFBFEC7B91B0C76" box="[1038,1144,341,365]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">M.A. Ivie</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2F62F2973043FFAAFF8EFEE4BC650C96" box="[123,262,373,397]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">D.A. Pollack</collectorName>
”/ “
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33043FFAAFED9FEE7BCDA0C96" box="[300,441,373,397]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23043FFAAFE34FEE7B9680C96" authority="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[449,1035,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicoviolacea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Metalebia">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFE34FEE7BC9D0C96" box="[449,510,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Lebia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFDFBFEE7BF190C96" box="[526,634,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Metalebia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFD7FFEE7BE430C96" box="[650,800,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">apicoviolacea</emphasis>
Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABD0F6283043FFAAFBE6FEE4B92E0C96" box="[1043,1101,374,397]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
2015” [red label]
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="32FF9D1C3043FFAAFEF1FE04BC730F16" collectingDate="1988-10-06" collectingDateMax="1988-10-21" collectingDateMin="1988-10-06" collectionCode="NMHN" collectorName="W. E. Steiner" country="Madagascar" elevation="1100" location="Ranomafana" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33043FFAAFEF1FE04BC0F0CB5" box="[260,364,406,430]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(only 1): a female (in
<collectionCode id="E4860F843043FFAAFD70FE04BFB50CB6" box="[645,726,406,429]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">NMHN</collectionCode>
) labeled “
<collectingCountry id="FA80D7D13043FFAAFCA6FE07B9720CB6" box="[851,1041,405,429]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: Prov.
<collectingRegion id="405359A33043FFAAFB9FFE07BD820CD6" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="456F3AA43043FFAAFF18FE24BC410CD6" box="[237,290,437,461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
W
<location id="8748C19A3043FFAAFEB3FE27BCAE0CD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D:8748C19A3043FFAAFEB3FE27BCAE0CD6" box="[326,461,437,461]" country="Madagascar" name="Ranomafana" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ranomafana</location>
,
<quantity id="456F3AA43043FFAAFE2FFE24BF4A0CD6" box="[474,553,438,462]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="09BA70723043FFAAFE2FFE24BF4A0CD6" box="[474,553,438,462]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<date id="F629B1813043FFAAFDDBFE27BF950CD5" box="[558,758,437,462]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" value="1988-10-06" valueMax="1988-10-21" valueMin="1988-10-06">
<collectingDate id="E66D48693043FFAAFDDBFE27BF950CD5" box="[558,758,437,462]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" value="1988-10-06" valueMax="1988-10-21" valueMin="1988-10-06">6-21 October 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="2F62F2973043FFAAFD0EFE24BEE40CD6" box="[763,903,437,461]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">W. E. Steiner</collectorName>
”/ “At black light in montane rain forest”/ “
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33043FFAAFECAFE44BCA00CF5" box="[319,451,470,494]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23043FFAAFE3FFE44B96C0CF5" authority="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[458,1039,470,494]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicoviolacea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Metalebia">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFE3FFE44BF640CF5" box="[458,519,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Lebia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFDE3FE44BFE10CF5" box="[534,642,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Metalebia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFD64FE44BE440CF5" box="[657,807,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">apicoviolacea</emphasis>
Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABD0F6283043FFAAFBE0FE44B92D0CF6" box="[1045,1102,470,493]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
2015” [yellow label]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="822897413043FFAAFF5EFD84B9500F35" blockId="58.[123,1174,308,623]" box="[171,1075,534,558]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<materialsCitation id="32FF9D1C3043FFAAFF5EFD84B94F0F35" box="[171,1068,534,558]" country="Madagascar" location="Ranomafana National Park" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFF5EFD84BC340F36" bold="true" box="[171,343,534,558]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFF5EFD84BD870F36" baselines="552,552" box="[171,228,534,558]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33043FFAAFF5EFD84BD870F36" box="[171,228,534,558]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">TYPE</typeStatus>
</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFF19FD88BC340F36" baselines="552" box="[236,343,538,557]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.—
<collectingCountry id="FA80D7D13043FFAAFE8BFD84BC9C0F35" box="[382,511,534,558]" name="Madagascar" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="405359A33043FFAAFDF8FD84BF9F0F35" box="[525,764,534,558]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Fianarantsoa Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8748C19A3043FFAAFCFFFD84B94F0F35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3E26573043FFABFF8EFF49BE9D098D:8748C19A3043FFAAFCFFFD84B94F0F35" box="[778,1068,534,558]" country="Madagascar" name="Ranomafana National Park" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa">Ranomafana National Park</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="822897413043FFABFF5EFDA5B9790C08" blockId="58.[123,1174,308,623]" lastBlockId="59.[123,1174,219,1174]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFF5EFDA5BC900F56" bold="true" box="[171,499,567,591]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFF5EFDA5BC4D0F56" baselines="585,584" box="[171,302,567,591]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Derivation" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">DERIVATION</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFEC3FDA8BC310F56" baselines="584" box="[310,338,570,589]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">OF</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFEAFFDA8BCCE0F56" baselines="584" box="[346,429,570,589]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFE43FDA8BC900F56" baselines="584" box="[438,499,570,589]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="name" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">NAME</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.— The species epithet,
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFD0EFDA4BEFB0F55" box="[763,920,566,590]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23043FFAAFD0EFDA4BEF20F55" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[763,913,566,590]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicoviolacea">apicoviolacea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
is an adjective derived from the Latin words,
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFE9BFDC5BCC30F75" box="[366,416,599,622]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">apex</emphasis>
, meaning tip, and
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFD99FDC5BFB20F74" box="[620,721,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">violaceus</emphasis>
, meaning violet-colored. The name refers to the violet or purple metallic reflection of elytral apices, which contrasts distinctly with the green or bronze metallic reflection of the remainder of the elytra in members of this species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D6E8C7C93043FFAAFF6EF9E4BC4E0BA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" startId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" targetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" targetPageId="58" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="822897413043FFAAFF6EF9E4BC4E0BA7" blockId="58.[123,1174,1653,1724]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3043FFAAFF6EF9E4BDBB0B9C" baselines="1668,1667" box="[155,216,1654,1673]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="8" normCase="title" normString="Figure" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">FIGURE</smallCapsWord>
35. Digital images of holotype male of
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23043FFAAFDD8F9E7B9630B93" authority="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[557,1024,1653,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicoviolacea" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Metalebia">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFDD8F9E7BF3D0B93" box="[557,606,1653,1672]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Lebia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFD9FF9E7BFA30B93" box="[618,704,1653,1672]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">Metalebia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B0E34B533043FFAAFD38F9E7BE260B93" box="[717,837,1653,1672]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="259">apicoviolacea</emphasis>
Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABD0F6283043FFAAFBF0F9E4B9250B92" box="[1029,1094,1654,1673]" pageId="58" pageNumber="259" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A. Habitus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="822897413042FFABFF5EFE89B909090E" blockId="59.[123,1174,219,1174]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3042FFABFF5EFE89BC210C29" baselines="301,301" box="[171,322,283,307]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Recognition" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFF5EFE89BC210C29" bold="true" box="[171,322,283,307]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">RECOGNITION</emphasis>
</smallCapsWord>
.— Size moderately small for genus, SBL of male =
<quantity id="456F3AA43042FFABFC7FFE89BEBD0C28" box="[906,990,283,307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
, of female = 4.0 mm. Members of this species (
<figureCitation id="1AAC8BC43042FFABFE31FEA9BF400C4F" box="[452,547,315,340]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" captionTargetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-809@58.[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 35. Digital images of holotype male of Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. nov. A. Habi- tus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">Fig. 35A</figureCitation>
) key to subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFD10FEA9BE950C4F" authority="Jeannel (1949)" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[741,1014,315,340]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Metalebia">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFD10FEA9BE320C48" box="[741,849,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">Metalebia</emphasis>
Jeannel (1949)
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFBA4FEA9BC630C68" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Assadecma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFBA4FEA9BC630C68" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in Jeannel’s (1949) key: the basal elytral border is absent medially between the base of stria 3 and the scutellum; the elytral striae are deep and the elytral intervals convex and impunctate; the forebody has no metallic reflection and the elytra are uniform in color (but not necessarily in reflection); and the frons is slightly convex and without distinct frontal furrows between the eyes. Within the
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFEA6FE4EBF770CEF" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1850" box="[339,532,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Assadecma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFEA6FE4EBF770CEF" box="[339,532,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">madagascariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFD91FE4FBE750CEF" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[612,790,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicoviolacea">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFD91FE4FBE750CEF" box="[612,790,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. apicoviolacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
members can be distinguished from those of all species except
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFE6DFE6FBF4D0F0F" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[408,558,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudana">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFE6DFE6FBF4D0F0F" box="[408,558,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. alluaudana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFDC9FE6FBE630F0F" authority="Alluaud" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1936" box="[572,768,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirana">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFDC9FE6FBFC60F0F" box="[572,677,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. mirana</emphasis>
Alluaud
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFCFBFE6FBEDB0F0F" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[782,952,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranomafanae">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFCFBFE6FBEDB0F0F" box="[782,952,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. ranomafanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFC19FE6FB92F0F0F" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[1004,1100,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanala">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFC19FE6FB92F0F0F" box="[1004,1100,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. tanala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of elytral metallic reflection (metallic reflection absent from the elytra of members of the remaining seven species). They are distinguished from members of
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFC9AFDAFBEBF0F4F" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1936" box="[879,988,573,596]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirana">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFC9AFDAFBEBF0F4F" box="[879,988,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. mirana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their reddish labrum (black in
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFEC6FDCFBCFF0F6F" authorityName="Alluaud" authorityYear="1936" box="[307,412,605,628]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirana">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFEC6FDCFBCFF0F6F" box="[307,412,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. mirana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
members) and from those of
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFD2FFDCFBE130F6F" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[730,880,604,628]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudana">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFD2FFDCFBE130F6F" box="[730,880,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. alluaudana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their small size and relatively short and broad elytra, with ratio of elytra length to width = 1.2–1.3 (size larger, SBL of males = 4.6–5.0 mm, of females 4.6–
<quantity id="456F3AA43042FFABFDEFFD0EBF130FAF" box="[538,624,668,693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
, and elytra relatively longer, with ratio of elytra length to width = 1.4, in
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFE69FD2CBF5B0FCE" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[412,568,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudana">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFE69FD2CBF5B0FCE" box="[412,568,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. alluaudana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
members). They are distinguished from members of
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFF8EFD4CBDBE0FEE" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[123,221,733,757]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanala">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFF8EFD4CBDBE0FEE" box="[123,221,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. tanala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the pronotum with lateral margins slightly sinuate anterior to slightly obtuse hind angles (lateral margins distinctly sinuate anterior to sharp, rectangular hind angles slightly projected laterally in members of
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFE08FC8CBF010E2E" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[509,610,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanala">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFE08FC8CBF010E2E" box="[509,610,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. tanala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and from members of both
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFC41FC8CB9000E2E" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[948,1123,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranomafanae">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFC41FC8CB9000E2E" box="[948,1123,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. ranomafanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFF8EFCACBDBF0E4E" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[123,220,829,853]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanala">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFF8EFCACBDBF0E4E" box="[123,220,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. tanala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having elytra with distinct tricolored metallic reflection, green basally and on medial two-thirds, brassy on lateral one-third and violet in apical one-fifth (elytral metallic reflection uniformly faint or distinct metallic green or blue in members of
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFCF4FCECBEC80E8D" authorityName="Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio" authorityYear="2016" box="[769,939,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranomafanae">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFCF4FCECBEC80E8D" box="[769,939,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. ranomafanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4597ECC23042FFABFC2BFCECB95D0E8E" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1949" box="[990,1086,893,917]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Lebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tanala">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFC2BFCECB95D0E8E" box="[990,1086,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">L. tanala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Shape of the median lobe of the male aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1AAC8BC43042FFABFDC0FC0CBFD10EAE" box="[565,690,925,950]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" captionTargetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-809@58.[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 35. Digital images of holotype male of Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. nov. A. Habi- tus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">Fig. 35C–D</figureCitation>
) is also diagnostic, with the shaft very slightly arcuate, dorsal and ventral margins more or less parallel in basal two-thirds in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1AAC8BC43042FFABFB9EFC2CBDC40EED" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" captionTargetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-809@58.[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 35. Digital images of holotype male of Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. nov. A. Habi- tus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
) and apex moderate in length and relatively broader in both lateral and dorsal (
<figureCitation id="1AAC8BC43042FFABFC1FFC4CB92B0EEE" box="[1002,1096,990,1014]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="58.[155,167,1654,1673]" captionTargetBox="[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetId="figure-809@58.[123,1173,636,1650]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 35. Digital images of holotype male of Lebia (Metalebia) apicoviolacea Kavanaugh &amp; Rainio sp. nov. A. Habi- tus, dorsal aspect; B. Labels; C–D. Aedeagus of male genitalia; C. Left lateral aspect; D. Dorsal aspect. Scale lines A = 1.0 mm, C–D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13799519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13799519/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">Fig. 35D</figureCitation>
) views than in males of other species of this species group (compare with Jeannel 1949, Fig. 440a-l).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="822897413042FFABFF5EFB8CB969092D" blockId="59.[123,1174,219,1174]" box="[171,1034,1054,1079]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFF5EFB8CBC92092F" bold="true" box="[171,497,1054,1078]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3042FFABFF5EFB8CBC35092F" baselines="1072,1071" box="[171,342,1054,1078]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Geographical" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">GEOGRAPHICAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3042FFABFEA8FBB3BC92092F" baselines="1071" box="[349,497,1057,1076]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.— At present, known only from the
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33042FFABFC8AFB8DBECE092C" box="[895,941,1055,1079]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="822897413042FFABFF5EFBACBE9D098D" blockId="59.[123,1174,219,1174]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B0E34B533042FFABFF5EFBACBCC0094E" bold="true" box="[171,419,1086,1110]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3042FFABFF5EFBACBC6A094E" baselines="1104,1104" box="[171,265,1086,1110]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habitat" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">HABITAT</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="84CE019D3042FFABFEFAFBD0BCC0094E" baselines="1104" box="[271,419,1090,1109]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
.— Both specimens of the
<typeStatus id="5D2C29E33042FFABFD4EFBADBF8A094C" box="[699,745,1087,1111]" pageId="59" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
series were collected in secondary montane rainforest in the Talatakely area at elevations ranging from
<quantity id="456F3AA43042FFABFCD2FBCCBEA1096D" box="[807,962,1118,1142]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="59" pageNumber="260" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="900.0">900 to 1100 m</quantity>
. Both were collect- ed at night, one by hand from vegetation, and the other attracted to ultraviolet light.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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