328 lines
37 KiB
XML
328 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="524AF76FB0CD0FD6A0BBD765E21B13A6" ID-CLB-Dataset="112022" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e51f454a-9e84-4c3b-ac76-58d165047d4b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6952413" ID-ZooBank="4DFAEFCC-FB3A-4102-B77A-330B9311BF7E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659439125169" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mondal, Sonia, Ganesh, S. R., Sethy, P. G. S., Raghunathan, C., Raha, Sujoy & Sarkar, Sagnik" docDate="2022" docId="0948FD3CFFC39C7C1DFFFAB7FC2E0CF5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5169.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5169 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hydrophis alcocki Wall 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="310" masterDocId="F5718544FFCA9C721D68FFE4FF950D00" masterDocTitle="Redescriptions of the type specimens of synonymous nominal taxa of sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophis, Laticauda) at the Zoological Survey of India" masterLastPageNumber="321" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1699362641378" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D565A5CAA26DD8B46623495739345E36">
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<mods:title id="F4737274F48E574319727EB92ADC0831">Redescriptions of the type specimens of synonymous nominal taxa of sea snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophis, Laticauda) at the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2BEF98B87948F8957EBA8B40A6F07B29" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1E4F4299CC2245BD1783231CDDE670B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="148F456023A664AA53A8BC6CB12F3675">Mondal, Sonia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FC2AE04F8A20E860E70D41F9A0BDE426">Zoological Survey of India, Herpetology Division, FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EF683B46B66EB76F70867D587A4211DD">Ganesh, S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="18E71B0E9CADB30A214D190597C43955">Chennai Snake Park, Raj Bhavan Post, Chennai 600 022, Tamil Nadu, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F91C689E23369AFCE9EA9A4CA6C0D330">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="80858DED14880CD175EE854A2C2AEF41">Sethy, P. G. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FFCA4BAEF13AC5B83638A05CBF457E21">Zoological Survey of India, Herpetology Division, FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. & priyadassi @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C48D53A609FE2EA1E7AACE19CC35894">Raghunathan, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="145CE31E7E12C2751EAA4E42F0BA1E4B">Zoological Survey of India, Herpetology Division, FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. & raghuksc @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D73C3001FA62776F99BCFCDA0223607F">Raha, Sujoy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A52236FAB6A047384946B8D4E7110C6B">Zoological Survey of India, Herpetology Division, FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. & sujoy 167 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="858BC6F25A1537C07D0CD44677A2A208">Sarkar, Sagnik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A888F9E255AE7FF4F0FAA2727A6AA09">Zoological Survey of India, Herpetology Division, FPS Building, Indian Museum Complex, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. & nilusarkar. sagnik @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F1FDE804543D6026E567BBBD33FF7B35">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="849521241B30C30F1A3A177D9E3635CA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A2989BF906A62437F79EA9FCD4932833">
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<mods:date id="A5D8B75BB76609936CB8C7F8D0B8DA34">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="919772799DDFC6AB4AA1DB59DA550B32">2022-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AA0268B5A7E92C623D32219FF40A6168">5169</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9A849E4870A4A486AE7750D53604FEA2" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="08C8627467D7F6C91DDCA9E6071972EF">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7A81BD7418DCDC95EBB3C4C5B7DB75E4">301</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="56AE99B8762C8FA323C799C10818FE3F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B16D153E12F924E3869F923969B0B66F" type="CLB-Dataset">112022</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A5656D54D25632751D5F3CD079DE0BD1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5169.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="660EC75E27E47EB51CB530781A16EE2D" type="GBIF-Dataset">e51f454a-9e84-4c3b-ac76-58d165047d4b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="43A05C0B07ED67A62B1B70F4DBE0DD7A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25FCD69B9F3A12F49E1D6B581D8CD480" type="Zenodo-Dep">6952413</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0948FD3CFFC39C7C1DFFFAB7FC2E0CF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6958361" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198574741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6958361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0948FD3CFFC39C7C1DFFFAB7FC2E0CF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0948FD3CFFC39C7C1DFFFAB7FC2E0CF5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<subSubSection id="C9FB1FA1FFC39C7B1DFFFAB7FE6A086E" box="[151,511,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="815E4C2AFFC39C7B1DFFFAB7FE6A086E" blockId="9.[151,1135,1363,1426]" box="[151,511,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<heading id="DA16FB46FFC39C7B1DFFFAB7FE6A086E" bold="true" box="[151,511,1363,1390]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7B1DFFFAB7FE6A086E" authority="Wall, 1906" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,511,1363,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1DFFFAB7FE6A086E" bold="true" box="[151,511,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1DFFFAB7FEE1086E" bold="true" box="[151,372,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Hydrophis alcocki</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1C13FAB0FE6A086E" author="Wall, F." box="[379,511,1364,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="277 - 299" refId="ref9195" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A descriptive list of the sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1 (14), 277 - 299." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9FB1FA1FFC39C7B1F6EFAB0FBFA086E" box="[518,1135,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="815E4C2AFFC39C7B1F6EFAB0FBFA086E" blockId="9.[151,1135,1363,1426]" box="[518,1135,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1F6EFAB0FBFA086E" bold="true" box="[518,1135,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7B1FF6FAB7FBFA086E" authority="(Schneider, 1799)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[670,1135,1363,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1FF6FAB7FC05086D" bold="true" box="[670,912,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Hydrophis fasciatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1EF7FAB0FBF3086E" author="Schneider, J. G." box="[927,1126,1364,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="2" refId="ref8336" refString="Schneider, J. G. (1799) Historiae Amphibiorum Naturalis et Literariae. Fasciculus Primus, Continens Ranas, Calamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros in Genera et Species Descriptos notisque suis Distinctos. Friederici Frommanni, Jenae, xiv, + 264 + [2] pp, 2 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4270" type="journal article" year="1799">Schneider, 1799</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9FB1FA1FFC39C7B1DFFFA9CFED80892" box="[151,333,1400,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="description">
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<paragraph id="815E4C2AFFC39C7B1DFFFA9CFED80892" blockId="9.[151,1135,1363,1426]" box="[151,333,1400,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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(
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<tableCitation id="CC637991FFC39C7B1DF7FA9CFF610892" box="[159,244,1400,1426]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,555,581]" captionTargetBox="[162,1994,632,1634]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characters of the type specimens of synonymous nomina of sea snakes (Hydrophis, Laticauda) at the Zoological Survey of India. “—“ denotes absence of data due to suboptimal state of preservation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D59E1CA2FFC89C701DFFFDCFFD180F69" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" tableUuid="D59E1CA2FFC89C701DFFFDCFFD180F69">Table 1</tableCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="19DA50AFFFC39C7B1C6AFA9CFED10892" box="[258,324,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[232,1356,229,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-23@12.[203,1385,181,1954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Holotype of Hydrophis alcocki ZSI 8244, dorsal (top), ventral (middle) and lateral (bottom) aspects. Photograph by Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6952433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6952433/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9FB1FA1FFC39C7B1DFFFA24FC6608DA" box="[151,1011,1472,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="815E4C2AFFC39C7B1DFFFA24FC6608DA" blockId="9.[151,1437,1472,2039]" box="[151,1011,1472,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1DFFFA24FE1208DA" bold="true" box="[151,391,1472,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="31894677FFC39C7B1CE6FA24FC6608DA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878845303" box="[398,1011,1472,1498]" country="India" location="Puri" municipality="Eastern" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Odisha" typeStatus="holotype">
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ZSI 8244
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<typeStatus id="5E5AF288FFC39C7B1C96FA24FDFC08DA" box="[510,617,1472,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, from
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<location id="843E1AF1FFC39C7B1FD9FA24FD7708DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0948FD3CFFC39C7C1DFFFAB7FC2E0CF5:843E1AF1FFC39C7B1FD9FA24FD7708DA" box="[689,738,1472,1498]" country="India" municipality="Eastern" name="Puri" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" stateProvince="Odisha">Puri</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="432582C8FFC39C7B1F86FA24FCA808DA" box="[750,829,1472,1498]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Odisha</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality id="613AD650FFC39C7B1E24FA24FC3708DA" box="[844,930,1472,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Eastern</collectingMunicipality>
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<collectingCountry id="F9F60CBAFFC39C7B1EC1FA24FC7208DA" box="[937,999,1472,1498]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">India</collectingCountry>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9FB1FA1FFC39C7B1DAFFA00FF700A66" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="description">
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<paragraph id="815E4C2AFFC39C7B1DAFFA00FF700A66" blockId="9.[151,1437,1472,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1DAFFA00FECC08FE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1508,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Description.</emphasis>
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Head small, head shields large, regular; Rostral broader than high; Nasal superior in position, nasal shield in contact with each other; Prefrontal short, 2
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<superScript id="7694E162FFC39C7B1E70F9ECFCBD0B16" attach="left" box="[792,808,1544,1558]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">nd</superScript>
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supralabial not touching prefrontal; Frontal longer than the distance from the tip of the rostral; Parietal longer than wide; One large anterior temporal; One supraocular on each side of head; One Pre and Postocular on each side of head; Six supralabials on each side of head; 2
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<superScript id="7694E162FFC39C7B1830F9B4FAFD0B5E" attach="left" box="[1368,1384,1616,1630]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">nd</superScript>
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not touching prefrontal; 3
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<superScript id="7694E162FFC39C7B1CE6F990FE090B82" attach="left" box="[398,412,1652,1666]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">rd</superScript>
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and 4
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<superScript id="7694E162FFC39C7B1C8AF990FE7A0B82" attach="left" box="[482,495,1652,1666]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">th</superScript>
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touching the eye; Seven infralabials on right side and eight on left side of head; 4 infralabials touching the chin shield; Chinshield well developed; both the pair in contact with each other; Anterior Pair
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<quantity id="4619E1CFFFC39C7B1DA2F958FEB40BD7" box="[202,289,1724,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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, Posterior Pair 2.0 mm; Scales around neck 25; Scales around Midbody 28; Ventrals 274, small, distinct from adjacent dorsal scales; Preanal small; No keel present on dorsal scales. Head width
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<quantity id="4619E1CFFFC39C7B19E1F904FB760BFB" box="[1161,1251,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
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; Head depth
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<quantity id="4619E1CFFFC39C7B1811F904FF530A1F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
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; Head length 13.0 mm; Snout to Vent length 365.0 mm; Tail length 40.0 mm. Dorsally and ventrally the entire body light brown. Body encircled with dark brown bands. Number of bands around the body till vent 40; Four bands on tail.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9FB1FA1FFC39C7C1DAFF894FC2E0CF5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="815E4C2AFFC39C7C1DAFF894FC2E0CF5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1472,2039]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1DAFF894FEAE0A8A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1904,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1C29F894FE530A8A" author="Wall, F." box="[321,454,1904,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="277 - 299" refId="ref9195" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A descriptive list of the sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1 (14), 277 - 299." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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in his original description did not give scale counts for the
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<typeStatus id="5E5AF288FFC39C7B1932F895FB1F0A8B" box="[1114,1162,1905,1931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">type</typeStatus>
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specimen.
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<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1860F894FA090A8A" author="Smith, M. A." box="[1288,1436,1904,1930]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8575" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph on the Sea Snakes. (Hydrophiidae). British Museum, London, xvii + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
stated it to be a male with scale rows 25:33 and ventrals 362.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1E06F870FC630AAE" author="Wall, F." box="[878,1014,1940,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="169 - 251" refId="ref9236" refString="Wall, F. (1909) A monograph of the sea snakes (Hydrophiinae). Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2 (8), 169 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11961" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
synonymized
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7B19C8F871FA090AAE" authority="Wall, 1906" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[1184,1436,1940,1966]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B19C8F871FA830AAE" box="[1184,1302,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1877F870FA090AAE" author="Wall, F." box="[1311,1436,1940,1966]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="277 - 299" refId="ref9195" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A descriptive list of the sea snakes (Hydrophiinae) in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1 (14), 277 - 299." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
under
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7B1D88F85DFECD0AD2" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[224,344,1976,2002]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiralis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1D88F85DFECD0AD2" box="[224,344,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">H. spiralis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1CFDF85CFDB00AD2" author="Smith, M. A." box="[405,549,1976,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8575" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph on the Sea Snakes. (Hydrophiidae). British Museum, London, xvii + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith (1926</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1F5AF85CFDFE0AD2" author="Smith, M. A." box="[562,619,1976,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8604" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) treated it as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7B1ED8F85DFBBA0AD2" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[944,1071,1977,2002]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1ED8F85DFBBA0AD2" box="[944,1071,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">H. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, where it now rests (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B184AF85CFF6C0AF6" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refId="ref9151" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, USA, 1237 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
|
Wallach
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B18E0F85DFF380AF6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1C6DF838FE740AF6" author="Ganesh, S. R. & Nandhini, T. & Samuel, V. D. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Abhilash, K. R. & Purvaja, R. & Ramesh, R." box="[261,481,2012,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="13132 - 13150" refId="ref7530" refString="Ganesh, S. R., Nandhini, T., Samuel, V. D., Sreeraj, C. R., Abhilash, K. R., Purvaja, R. & Ramesh, R. (2019) Marine snakes of Indian coasts: historical resume, systematic checklist, toxinology, status, and identification key. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11 (1), 13132 - 13150. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 3981.11.1.13132 - 13150" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
|
Ganesh
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B1C0AF839FE090AF6" box="[354,412,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2019
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC39C7B1C9DF838FD1E0AF6" author="Smith, M. A." box="[501,651,2012,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" refId="ref8575" refString="Smith, M. A. (1926) Monograph on the Sea Snakes. (Hydrophiidae). British Museum, London, xvii + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
mixed up the registration numbers of the
|
|
<typeStatus id="5E5AF288FFC39C7B1907F839FB3F0AF7" box="[1135,1194,2013,2039]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">types</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7B19BAF839FAD20AF6" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[1234,1351,2012,2038]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7B19BAF839FAD20AF6" box="[1234,1351,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC39C7C18E9F839FEAC0DB1" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocinctus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC39C7C18E9F839FEAC0DB1" italics="true" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">H. melanocinctus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, probably because both these specimens are from Puri,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="432582C8FFC49C7C1EDEFF73FB9D0DB1" box="[950,1032,151,177]" country="India" name="Odisha" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">Odisha</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9F60CBAFFC49C7C197DFF73FBC70DB1" box="[1045,1106,151,177]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Thus, the
|
|
<typeStatus id="5E5AF288FFC49C7C19A7FF73FB6A0DB1" box="[1231,1279,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">type</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1840FF73FA090DB1" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[1320,1436,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1840FF73FA090DB1" box="[1320,1436,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is in fact ZSI 8244 and the specimen ZSI 14470 is the
|
|
<typeStatus id="5E5AF288FFC49C7C1E6DFF5FFCA00DD5" box="[773,821,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">type</typeStatus>
|
|
of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1E34FF5FFBB70DD5" box="[860,1058,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanocinctus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1E34FF5FFBB70DD5" box="[860,1058,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. melanocinctus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1959FF5FFB770DD5" author="Das, I. & Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C." box="[1073,1250,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="121 - 172" refId="ref7362" refString="Das, I., Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C. (1998) History and catalogue of reptile types in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3 (2), 121 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
Das
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C190EFF5FFB0A0DD5" box="[1126,1183,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1998
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; this work). The nominal taxon
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1C28FF3BFE210DF9" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[320,436,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1C28FF3BFE210DF9" box="[320,436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been varyingly treated as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1EC4FF3BFBA70DF9" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[940,1074,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1EC4FF3BFBA70DF9" box="[940,1074,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1902FF3BFB730DF8" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[1130,1254,223,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1902FF3BFB730DF8" box="[1130,1254,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The validity of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1DFFFEE7FE810C1C" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,276,259,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1DFFFEE7FE810C1C" box="[151,276,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a species distinct from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1F55FEE7FD510C1D" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[573,708,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1F55FEE7FD510C1D" box="[573,708,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
itself is unsettled and dubious at best (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C191FFEE7FACD0C1D" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[1143,1368,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref9151" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, USA, 1237 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
|
Wallach
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C19B4FEE7FA980C1D" box="[1244,1293,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). This taxon has also been recognized as a subspecies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1FA0FEC3FCDB0C41" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[712,846,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1FA0FEC3FCDB0C41" box="[712,846,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see Rasmussen
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1966FEC3FBAA0C41" box="[1038,1087,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2014).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C19F4FEC3FAD30C41" author="Boundy, J." box="[1180,1350,295,321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref7329" refString="Boundy, J. (2020) Snakes of the World: a supplement. CRC Press, USA, 273 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9780429461354" type="book" year="2020">Boundy (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
despite recognizing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1C4AFEAFFE0A0C64" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[290,415,331,356]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1C4AFEAFFE0A0C64" box="[290,415,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a valid species, did not list
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1F9CFEAFFCFD0C65" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[756,872,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1F9CFEAFFCFD0C65" box="[756,872,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as its synonym. Therefore, we follow
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C187EFEAFFA090C65" author="Wall, F." box="[1302,1436,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="169 - 251" refId="ref9236" refString="Wall, F. (1909) A monograph of the sea snakes (Hydrophiinae). Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2 (8), 169 - 251. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11961" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
in treating
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1C67FE8BFE140C89" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[271,385,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1C67FE8BFE140C89" box="[271,385,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1F29FE8BFD530C89" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[577,710,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1F29FE8BFD530C89" box="[577,710,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. We concur with
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1EEFFE8BFBD50C89" author="Das, I. & Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C." box="[903,1088,367,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="121 - 172" refId="ref7362" refString="Das, I., Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C. (1998) History and catalogue of reptile types in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3 (2), 121 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
Das
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1ED0FE8BFC650C89" box="[952,1008,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(1998)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
in that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C19FAFE8BFA910C89" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[1170,1284,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcocki">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C19FAFE8BFA910C89" box="[1170,1284,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. alcocki</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1DD0FE77FED70CAD" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[184,322,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1DD0FE77FED70CAD" box="[184,322,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and not
|
|
<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1CC3FE77FD4E0CAD" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[427,731,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1CC3FE77FDBF0CAC" box="[427,554,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. atriceps</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1F5DFE77FD4E0CAD" author="Gunther, A. C. L. G." box="[565,731,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref7744" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp., 28 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5012" type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an East Asian species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1E9BFE77FB4E0CAD" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[1011,1243,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref9151" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, USA, 1237 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
|
Wallach
|
|
<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1932FE77FB030CAD" box="[1114,1174,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
2014
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), absent in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F9F60CBAFFC49C7C180BFE77FA080CAD" box="[1379,1437,403,429]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1DF6FE53FE5D0CD1" author="Whitaker, R. & Captain, A." box="[158,456,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" refId="ref9284" refString="Whitaker, R. & Captain, A. (2004) Snakes of India - the field guide. Draco Books, Chennai, India, 500 pp." type="book" year="2004">Whitaker & Captain 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
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|
<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1CBBFE53FD390CD1" author="Ganesh, S. R. & Nandhini, T. & Samuel, V. D. & Sreeraj, C. R. & Abhilash, K. R. & Purvaja, R. & Ramesh, R." box="[467,684,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="13132 - 13150" refId="ref7530" refString="Ganesh, S. R., Nandhini, T., Samuel, V. D., Sreeraj, C. R., Abhilash, K. R., Purvaja, R. & Ramesh, R. (2019) Marine snakes of Indian coasts: historical resume, systematic checklist, toxinology, status, and identification key. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11 (1), 13132 - 13150. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 3981.11.1.13132 - 13150" type="journal article" year="2019">
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Ganesh
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1F47FE53FDF20CD1" box="[559,615,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Incidentally,
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<bibRefCitation id="E57031DBFFC49C7C1E39FE53FB9B0CD1" author="Das, I. & Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C." box="[849,1038,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" pagination="121 - 172" refId="ref7362" refString="Das, I., Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C. (1998) History and catalogue of reptile types in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3 (2), 121 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Das
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1EECFE53FC280CD1" box="[900,957,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">et al.</emphasis>
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(1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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had mixed up the taxon authorship of
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<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1DDEFE3FFEA90CF5" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[182,316,475,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1DDEFE3FFEA90CF5" box="[182,316,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with that of
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<taxonomicName id="46E137A9FFC49C7C1CA2FE3FFDD20CF4" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[458,583,475,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="315" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atriceps">
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<emphasis id="B3959038FFC49C7C1CA2FE3FFDD20CF4" box="[458,583,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="315">H. atriceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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while clarifying the above point.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |