221 lines
28 KiB
XML
221 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="6F5FF9B7342C7F2BEE66AFFD32F7E176" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-ZooBank="8C174B7F-90A0-4181-850A-B53EB77F7AB7" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638264049108" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="de Armas, Luis F." docDate="2019" docId="09205215614C9316FF754454FC14F89D" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.293.1-4.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 293" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F5192A6D614E9314FFA24078FFDDFF8B" masterDocTitle="Identity of the Central American scorpion Centruroides mahnerti Lourenço, 1983 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="4" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699436595680" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="934509F8F9158EF62C07785917FFF782">Identity of the Central American scorpion Centruroides mahnerti Lourenço, 1983 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="208580F0E547722514A673774A17432E">de Armas, Luis F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4240683DD4E75417884DDEC12FEEB8D0">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0B8EAF7B52AD94215670877D202BAC8E">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="09205215614C9316FF754454FC14F89D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:09205215614C9316FF754454FC14F89D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/09205215614C9316FF754454FC14F89D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="C993B088614C9316FF754454FD43FBCC" box="[215,670,1068,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FF754454FD43FBCC" blockId="2.[215,670,1033,1134]" box="[215,670,1068,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<heading id="DA7E546F614C9316FF754454FD43FBCC" box="[215,670,1068,1095]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FF754454FD43FBCC" authority="Kraepelin, 1911" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[215,670,1068,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FF754454FE06FBCC" bold="true" box="[215,475,1068,1095]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Centruroides koesteri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FE404455FD43FBCC" author="KRAEPELIN" box="[482,670,1069,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 107" refId="ref1478" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1911. Neue Beitrage zur Systematik der Gliederspinnen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 28 (1910): 59 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">Kraepelin, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C993B088614C9316FEF64429FDFCFBE5" box="[340,545,1105,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FEF64429FDFCFBE5" blockId="2.[215,670,1033,1134]" box="[340,545,1105,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<figureCitation id="19B2FF86614C9316FEFE4429FE24FBE5" box="[348,505,1105,1134]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="3.[116,193,1231,1253]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,232,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-347@3.[113,1474,232,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–4. Centruroides koesteri, subadult female holotype of C. mahnerti, dorsal view (1), left pedipalp, dorsal view (2), metasoma III–V and telson, lateral view (3), and labels (4). Photos courtesy of Peter J. Schwendinger." pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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Figures
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<docPagination id="2CC8589F614C9316FE644429FE24FBE5" box="[454,505,1105,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">1–4</docPagination>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="19B2FF86614C9316FDA44429FDCBFBE5" box="[518,534,1105,1134]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="5.[115,183,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[113,1474,234,1584]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 8. Geographical distribution of Centruroides koesteri. The black circle indicates the type locality of C. mahnerti." pageId="2" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C993B088614C9316FFD344E3FEAFFAB8" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FFD344E3FF0DFB78" blockId="2.[113,772,1179,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="A199C42D614C9316FFD344E3FF0DFB78" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<treatmentCitation id="0028C512614C9316FFD344E3FDEFFB38" author="KRAEPELIN" box="[113,562,1179,1203]" page="72" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1911">
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FFD344E3FDEFFB38" authority="Kraepelin, 1911: 72" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1911" box="[113,562,1179,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FFD344E3FE8AFB38" box="[113,343,1179,1203]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Centruroides koesteri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FEFF44E3FDEFFB38" author="KRAEPELIN" box="[349,562,1179,1203]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 107" refId="ref1478" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1911. Neue Beitrage zur Systematik der Gliederspinnen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 28 (1910): 59 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">Kraepelin, 1911: 72</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 111 (complete references list); Teruel & Stockwell, 2002: 114.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FFD34484FEAFFAB8" blockId="2.[113,772,1179,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="A199C42D614C9316FFD34484FEAFFAB8" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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=
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<treatmentCitation id="0028C512614C9316FF244483FD81FA98" author="LOURENCO" box="[134,604,1275,1299]" page="763" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" year="1983">
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FF244483FD81FA98" authority="Lourenco, 1983: 763" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityPageNumber="763" authorityYear="1983" box="[134,604,1275,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FF244483FEA5FA98" box="[134,376,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Centruroides mahnerti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FEDC4484FD81FA98" author="LOURENCO" box="[382,604,1275,1299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="761 - 768" refId="ref1506" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 1983. Etude d'une petite collection de Scorpions du Nicaragua, avec la description d'une espece nouvelle de Centruroides (Buthidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 90 (3): 761 - 768." type="journal article" year="1983">Lourenco, 1983: 763</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(syn. by Armas & Maes, 2001: 16).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C993B088614C9316FFD34523FC14F89D" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FFD34523FE45F818" blockId="2.[113,772,1371,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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COMMENTS. The Central American scorpion
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FDD54523FE52FA18" authority="Lourenco, 1983" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FDD54523FF0CFA18" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Centruroides mahnerti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FF7C4504FE52FA18" author="LOURENCO" box="[222,399,1403,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="761 - 768" refId="ref1506" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 1983. Etude d'une petite collection de Scorpions du Nicaragua, avec la description d'une espece nouvelle de Centruroides (Buthidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 90 (3): 761 - 768." type="journal article" year="1983">Lourenço, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, named in honour of Dr. Volker Mahnert (1943–2018), was described on the basis of a female
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<typeStatus id="5E325DA1614C9316FFD345C3FF13FA58" box="[113,206,1467,1491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(not a male as appears in Fet & Lowe, 2000: 112) and
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<specimenCount id="978F288A614C9316FFD345A4FF30FA78" box="[113,237,1499,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus id="5E325DA1614C9316FF5545A4FE80FA7F" box="[247,349,1500,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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from Momotombo Volcano (
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<geoCoordinate id="E4BD85C4614C9316FD0445A3FCDEFA78" box="[678,771,1499,1523]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" precision="925" value="12.416667">12°25’N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="E4BD85C4614C9316FFD34583FF08F998" box="[113,213,1531,1555]" degrees="86" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" precision="925" value="-86.55">86°33’W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="46714EE6614C9316FF464583FEC3F998" box="[228,286,1531,1555]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
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a. s. l.),
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<collectingRegion id="434D2DE1614C9316FE244583FD95F998" box="[390,584,1531,1555]" country="Nicaragua" name="Leon" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">León Department</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F99EA393614C9316FDF44583FD19F998" box="[598,708,1531,1555]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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. This species was downgraded by Armas & Maes (2001) to a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FF5C4644FDEDF9D8" authority="Kraepelin, 1911" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[254,560,1595,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FF5C4644FEA9F9D8" box="[254,372,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FEDD4643FDEDF9D8" author="KRAEPELIN" box="[383,560,1595,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="59 - 107" refId="ref1478" refString="KRAEPELIN, K. 1911. Neue Beitrage zur Systematik der Gliederspinnen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 28 (1910): 59 - 107." type="journal article" year="1911">Kraepelin, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; however,Teruel & Stockwell (2002: 114) argued that description and figures given for
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FF404604FEBBF918" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1983" box="[226,358,1659,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FF404604FEBBF918" box="[226,358,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. mahnerti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are also referable to juveniles of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FD494604FE49F938" authority="(Gervais, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FD494604FF04F938" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. edwardsii</emphasis>
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(Gervais, 1843)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately, neither Armas & Maes (2001) nor Teruel & Stockwell (2002) examined the type specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FE9C46A4FE1EF978" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1983" box="[318,451,1755,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FE9C46A4FE1EF978" box="[318,451,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. mahnerti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; additionally, the habitus of this species was illustrated on the basis of two poorly defined photos (dorsal and ventral aspects) of a
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<typeStatus id="5E325DA1614C9316FD8B4764FD58F8BF" box="[553,645,1820,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FD344764FF38F8D8" author="LOURENCO" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="761 - 768" refId="ref1506" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 1983. Etude d'une petite collection de Scorpions du Nicaragua, avec la description d'une espece nouvelle de Centruroides (Buthidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 90 (3): 761 - 768." type="journal article" year="1983">Lourenço, 1983: 764</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 1–2). Taking in account such uncertainty,
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<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FFD34724FEA6F8F8" author="BORGES" box="[113,379,1883,1908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="130 - 143" refId="ref1248" refString="BORGES, A., R. J. MIRANDA & J. M. PASCALE. 2012. Scorpionism in Central America, with special reference to the case of Panama. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 18 (2): 130 - 143." type="journal article" year="2012">Borges et al. (2012: 131</bibRefCitation>
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, 132, table 1) preferred retaining
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FD494724FF0CF818" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FD494724FF0CF818" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. mahnerti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a valid species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FF0347E4FA95FADC" blockId="2.[113,772,1371,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1476,958,1814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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To elucidate this problem, photogaphs of the type specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FEAA47C4FE53F858" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1983" box="[264,398,1979,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FEAA47C4FE53F858" box="[264,398,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. mahnerti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="19B2FF86614C9316FE0647C3FDCDF858" box="[420,528,1979,2003]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="3.[116,193,1231,1253]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,232,1218]" captionTargetId="figure-347@3.[113,1474,232,1218]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 1–4. Centruroides koesteri, subadult female holotype of C. mahnerti, dorsal view (1), left pedipalp, dorsal view (2), metasoma III–V and telson, lateral view (3), and labels (4). Photos courtesy of Peter J. Schwendinger." pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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) were examined and now is possible to confirm that, as stated by Armas & Maes (2001), this species is really a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FAE543C7FA66FC5D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[1351,1467,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FAE543C7FA66FC5D" box="[1351,1467,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Juvenile specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FB8543A7FB6DFC7D" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1063,1200,990,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
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<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FB8543A7FB6DFC7D" box="[1063,1200,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. edwardsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Figs. 5–7) clearly differ from those of
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<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FC664387FBEAFB9D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[964,1079,1022,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FC664387FBEAFB9D" box="[964,1079,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among other characters, by having a darker general pattern, the pedipalps very densely hirsute and metasomal segments II-IV with stronger spinoid granules on dorsal carinae and having three or four pairs of ventrolateral macrosetae (only two pairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FBD04407FB38FB1D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[1138,1253,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FBD04407FB38FB1D" box="[1138,1253,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). On the other hand, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E325DA1614C9316FCFB44E6FC6BFB3D" box="[857,950,1182,1206]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FC7C44E7FB82FB3D" authorityName="Lourenco" authorityYear="1983" box="[990,1119,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mahnerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FC7C44E7FB82FB3D" box="[990,1119,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. mahnerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a subadult female, perhaps of two instars less than the adult female
|
||
<typeStatus id="5E325DA1614C9316FB6744C6FAFFFB5D" box="[1221,1314,1214,1238]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FAE544C7FA66FB5D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[1351,1467,1214,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FAE544C7FA66FB5D" box="[1351,1467,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as inferred from measurements given by Francke & Stockwell (1987: 10); also, its pedipalp chela is slender than the pedipalp patella, whereas in the adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FB3C4567FAC8FABD" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[1182,1301,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FB3C4567FAC8FABD" box="[1182,1301,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is other way round (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FCDE4546FBC4FADC" author="FRANCKE" box="[892,1049,1342,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 71" refId="ref1370" refString="FRANCKE, O. F. 1978. Redescription of Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin (Scorpionida, Buthidae). Journal of Arachnology, 6: 65 - 71." type="journal article" year="1978">Francke, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Teruel & Stockwell, 2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FCC24527FC0DF9FC" blockId="2.[816,1476,958,1814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
|
||
As pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FB984527FAF3FAFD" author="LOURENCO" box="[1082,1326,1374,1399]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="761 - 768" refId="ref1506" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 1983. Etude d'une petite collection de Scorpions du Nicaragua, avec la description d'une espece nouvelle de Centruroides (Buthidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 90 (3): 761 - 768." type="journal article" year="1983">Lourenço (1983: 767)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FACE4526FC78FA1C" author="FRANCKE" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 71" refId="ref1370" refString="FRANCKE, O. F. 1978. Redescription of Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin (Scorpionida, Buthidae). Journal of Arachnology, 6: 65 - 71." type="journal article" year="1978">Francke (1978: 70)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FC104507FBF5FA1D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" box="[946,1064,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FC104507FBF5FA1D" box="[946,1064,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FBCB4507FB2EFA1D" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[1129,1267,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FBCB4507FB2EFA1D" box="[1129,1267,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(misidentied as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FA084507FC67FA3D" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FA084507FC67FA3D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. margaritatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by authors previous to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FB6145E7FA4CFA3C" author="ARMAS" box="[1219,1425,1438,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref1204" refString="ARMAS, L. F. DE, R. TERUEL & F. KOVARIK. 2011. On Centruroides margaritatus (Gervais, 1841) and closely related species (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 132: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2011">Armas et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are sympatric species, but the former appears to be arboreal in habits (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FC2645A6FB8AFA7C" author="FRANCKE" box="[900,1111,1502,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 71" refId="ref1370" refString="FRANCKE, O. F. 1978. Redescription of Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin (Scorpionida, Buthidae). Journal of Arachnology, 6: 65 - 71." type="journal article" year="1978">Francke, 1978: 70</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although in the Momotombo Volcano area both species were found inside buildings. From the same area,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FBB04667FB1AF9BC" author="LOURENCO" box="[1042,1223,1567,1591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="761 - 768" refId="ref1506" refString="LOURENCO, W. R. 1983. Etude d'une petite collection de Scorpions du Nicaragua, avec la description d'une espece nouvelle de Centruroides (Buthidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 90 (3): 761 - 768." type="journal article" year="1983">Lourenço (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FB584667FA4DF9BD" author="ARMAS" box="[1274,1424,1566,1591]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref1081" refString="ARMAS, L. F. DE. 1995. Breve cronica de una expedicion aracnologica a Nicaragua. Cocuyo, 4: 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1995">Armas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also recorded the diplocentrine scorpion
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FB6C4646FC10F9FC" authority="Francke, 1978" authorityName="Francke" authorityYear="1978" class="Arachnida" family="Diplocentridae" genus="Didymocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krausi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FB6C4646FA1FF9DD" box="[1230,1474,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Didymocentrus krausi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5189EF2614C9316FC924626FC10F9FC" author="FRANCKE" box="[816,973,1630,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="65 - 71" refId="ref1370" refString="FRANCKE, O. F. 1978. Redescription of Centruroides koesteri Kraepelin (Scorpionida, Buthidae). Journal of Arachnology, 6: 65 - 71." type="journal article" year="1978">Francke, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8136E303614C9316FCC24606FC14F89D" blockId="2.[816,1476,958,1814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
|
||
According to present-day data (Francke & Stockwell, 1987; Armas & Maes, 2000; Teruel & Stockwell, 2002),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46899880614C9316FA0846E7FC59F95D" authorityName="Kraepelin" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Centruroides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koesteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3FD3F11614C9316FA0846E7FC59F95D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">C. koesteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from the Fonseca Gulf (southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F99EA393614C9316FA9546C6FA7DF95D" box="[1335,1440,1726,1750]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F99EA393614C9316FC6146A7FBE5F97D" box="[963,1080,1758,1783]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="19B2FF86614C9316FBEA46A6FB54F97C" box="[1096,1161,1758,1783]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="5.[115,183,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,234,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[113,1474,234,1584]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 8. Geographical distribution of Centruroides koesteri. The black circle indicates the type locality of C. mahnerti." pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), mainly in tropical semiarid environments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |