535 lines
60 KiB
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535 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="143144" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a1122de-1957-4fc9-b1e6-366d83cc3ba4" ID-PMC="PMC9848606" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1121-97" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A978BBB62CF35971A2A2F65B6CD35868" ID-PubMed="36760759" ID-ZooBank="016D0A914E4A4EF5A41B7DAD0A10B408" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1121-97" checkinTime="1663323279549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Conradie, Werner, Keates, Chad, Baptista, Ninda L. & Lobon-Rovira, Javier" docDate="2022" docId="08424C0A45F15E4FABB80A90FAEC1D6A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1121: 97-143" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1121" docPubDate="2022-09-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693" docTitle="Prosymna confusa Conradie & Keates & Baptista & Lobón-Rovira 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A4E2E3E8-A658-4007-B5F4-46D875457EA1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="A978BBB62CF35971A2A2F65B6CD35868" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="A978BBB62CF35971A2A2F65B6CD35868" masterDocTitle="Taxonomical review of Prosymna angolensis Boulenger, 1915 (Elapoidea, Prosymnidae) with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="143" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1732824747303" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1F53002C439934AE379926362DEB8F90">Taxonomical review of Prosymna angolensis Boulenger, 1915 (Elapoidea, Prosymnidae) with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A41E4F20CA20CDF236EB68CBD46118B4">Conradie, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A384BB99707E507E6DDF2419318B0186" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-9683</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DC40244C0E76E7C68B025E2298008F79">Port Elizabeth Museum (Bayworld), P. O. Box 13147, Humewood 6013, Gqeberha, South Africa & Department of Nature Conservation Management, Natural Resource Science and Management Cluster, Faculty of Science, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa & National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, Sandton, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="834E145330408B6E77C50BDAE8A938EF" type="email">werner@bayworld.co.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="395406F508F5427A3FE6B79FD6034CDD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D4D0B4E25AFAD900CB6E61D88164F668">Keates, Chad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B48890ED73EB210D4DE638D1E4FCCC5" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-9536</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E4995EBCE948C3C5D59FB2D3F46BA98A">Department of Nature Conservation Management, Natural Resource Science and Management Cluster, Faculty of Science, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa & National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, Sandton, South Africa & South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, South Africa & Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D8B41659F0B49083B30BD8502067710D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="03415EEF40E34A1602444677467143FF">Baptista, Ninda L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="51C49BEC1F184B1BCE3E6E1A8BF89C6A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-6606</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CAC0D6AC3099E3038C0C4381B64967E7">National Geographic Okavango Wilderness Project, Wild Bird Trust, Sandton, South Africa & Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Educacao da Huila (ISCED-Huila), Rua Sarmento Rodrigues, Lubango, Angola & CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Laboratorio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairao, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal & Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, 4099 - 002 Porto, Portugal & BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairao, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6406BD8DE87EF3A8E4FCA933D0439DBE">Lobon-Rovira, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6E8CC46809031F79679B5BED1D418A2A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-9427</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD332E47198E55C7A6D355E17FE4BB6D">CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos, Laboratorio Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairao, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal & Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, 4099 - 002 Porto, Portugal & BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairao, 4485 - 661 Vairao, Portugal</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="299BAB6012734705F83DAD31EF6C1DF7">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C68AC3869D00ACACF20863CFFE67D216">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1ABEC8FCAA4B2CB419A98E39E606AD32">2022-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8BA454F3B67B528F17CF8068FB19FF85">1121</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B58A7D02A2F26EED01E0C342F6346FE2">97</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BBB4F63E443628753E0D7CF2B9335226">143</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="F2B8D5E869E310EC67132B2FEC9D22FF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="11653E2D4F903EA341D3A6DD9504DF5E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="64916F11B5CD55D31314DF6B60DB3B63" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="682FC2988DE218F59C696ACC67583CD3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1121-97</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="0300C9B4ACC880373F5737EAAB579584" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="results">
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<treatment id="08424C0A45F15E4FABB80A90FAEC1D6A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="200621708" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4E2E3E8-A658-4007-B5F4-46D875457EA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08424C0A45F15E4FABB80A90FAEC1D6A" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" scope_family="Prosymnidae" scope_superFamily="Elapoidea">
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<subSubSection id="5E31B6F5236FCEBE19FED843B34E4F34" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="80E54A1BE01D9E73EB78A3C831C8B728" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="40C1CF86165AF0FD9C3811691DCC50D9" LSID="https://zoobank.org/A4E2E3E8-A658-4007-B5F4-46D875457EA1" authority="Conradie & Keates & Baptista & Lobón-Rovira, 2022" authorityName="Conradie & Keates & Baptista & Lobón-Rovira" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna confusa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="confusa" status="sp. nov.">Prosymna confusa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CE865C55EBFFF6E2005EB6A40A7DB66" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C6A12E5A6B148FE974B917EE5EBF7146" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B47FB5093CCAFC20E8E023FF25577425" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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||
<figureCitation id="6C1199EBE9A0A18F3D34D000E8E3A50A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Live P. confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola (Photo: Bill Branch)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744037" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="31198BCACEC542F455D2437219FF99B4" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A Lateral B ventral C medial D dorsal views of skulls of Prosymna angolensis subgroup. Red arrows depict variation characters between the P. lisima sp. nov., P. angolensis, P. confusa sp. nov., P. cf. frontalis, and P. janii." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744038" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">, 7</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="BC718A9BADC71D34895C279A887BB9FB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. A Frontal and B posterior views of skulls, and C lateral, dorsal, medial and ventral view of jaw of Prosymna angolensis subgroup. Red arrows depict variation in characters between the P. lisima sp. nov., P. angolensis, P. confusa sp. nov., P. cf. frontalis, and P. janii." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744039" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">, 8</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation id="989D4C474C61E33497B8207E451E2C95" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A Dorsal, frontal and ventral view of premaxillae B medial, posterior and dorsal views of palatine; and C lateral, dorsal, and ventral view of maxilla in P. lisima sp. nov., P. angolensis, P. confusa sp. nov., P. cf. frontalis and P. janii (from left to right)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744040" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6C8C5CA56E98B59A86AC3AA0A2AE0A22" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of Prosymna confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola A dorsal and ventral full body B dorsal head C ventral head D lateral head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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, 13 Common names: Plain Shovel-snout Snake (English);
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<normalizedToken id="3ED922E6D57F682E87A85B403EAAEFEF" originalValue="Cobra-de-focinho-de-pá-lisa">Cobra-de-focinho-de-pa-lisa</normalizedToken>
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(Portuguese).
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</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="AD3423F3A2CBD7160008B2179D7680F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="chresonymy">
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<paragraph id="1F8F5B71066F17EBCAD860F5CE2F9236" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Chresonymy.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="30DEAFC2F3F392E6BF86B4350FF73B77" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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||
<taxonomicName id="B9C978DC89ACED4E279DFEA3742BAF3D" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1915" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna angolensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
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<emphasis id="6116E9E34AA5B122F10DF3A98549AE3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna angolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="1FD74EFB4C31C0A34C2ECECCCB5016C3" author="Bogert, CM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 107" refId="B8" refString="Bogert, CM, 1940. Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77: 1 - 107" title="Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition." volume="77" year="1940">Bogert 1940</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 59;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2ABE29BAFD101AD2AC09F99EE793A5B8" author="Monard, A" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Bocage" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="19 - 154" refId="B79" refString="Monard, A, 1937. Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola. Arquivos do Museu Bocage 8: 19 - 154" title="Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola." volume="8" year="1937">Monard 1937</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 123 (in part);
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<bibRefCitation id="D64DF3028250AD2381F37AE1683AE45C" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Nature and Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="481 - 556" refId="B19" refString="Broadley, DG, 1980. A revision of the African snake genus Prosymna Gray (Colubridae). Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia, Series B. Nature and Science 6: 481 - 556" title="A revision of the African snake genus Prosymna Gray (Colubridae). Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia, Series B." volume="6" year="1980">Broadley 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 152 (in part).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C4E5B4F6A29E0AA2D4C6F5F1B3468619" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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||
<taxonomicName id="597183FF9CF63F0F0236917068536EFC" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1873" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna ambigua" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
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<emphasis id="5E40BE7005CF92E0FC184223CE1B0E0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna ambigua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="C946300C554D078B1363ADEFABF45294" author="Branch, WR" journalOrPublisher="Struik Publishers, Cape Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="B14" refString="Branch, WR, 2018. Snakes of Angola: An annotated checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(2)[General Section]: 41-82[e159]." title="Snakes of Angola: An annotated checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12 (2) [General Section]: 41 - 82 [e 159]." year="2018">Branch 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 64, fig. 24;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43424CAFC7029D91791E975F08B72DB1" author="Pietersen, DW" journalOrPublisher="Struik Nature, Cape Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="B86" refString="Pietersen, DW, Verburgt, L, Davies, J, 2021. Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi. Struik Nature, Cape Town" title="Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi." year="2021">Pietersen et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96, fig.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D6058DD542DB929CCBBF93AA4252A48" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="413EBD8694FAB83E41A7D758153449AE" author="Monard, A" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Bocage" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="19 - 154" refId="B79" refString="Monard, A, 1937. Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola. Arquivos do Museu Bocage 8: 19 - 154" title="Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola." volume="8" year="1937">Monard (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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||
was the first to document a uniformly grey specimen from Ebanga. This was followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66A815FBDBC67AEE469C094DEF44B357" author="Bogert, CM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 107" refId="B8" refString="Bogert, CM, 1940. Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77: 1 - 107" title="Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition." volume="77" year="1940">Bogert (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who documented a specimen from Capelongo (AMNH R50504) that also exhibited a uniform pale brown dorsum with small white spots (similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D445A814B59ADB27C30F11A88ABBD7D9" lsidName="P. meleagris" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="meleagris">
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||
<emphasis id="11143EC13ED634F4776F8982181FB80D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
pattern). This uniform dorsum colouration is in agreement with the new specimen collected from coastal Angola (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87CABE74675DD2C6322FE1C15F73C067" author="Branch, WR" journalOrPublisher="Struik Publishers, Cape Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="B14" refString="Branch, WR, 2018. Snakes of Angola: An annotated checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(2)[General Section]: 41-82[e159]." title="Snakes of Angola: An annotated checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12 (2) [General Section]: 41 - 82 [e 159]." year="2018">Branch 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and this colouration is very distinct from the other two species, yellowish grey with paired small black dorsum spots in
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||
<taxonomicName id="D67B7330EBFD444777826E1F3E1CA997" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9982B4AC981BD0514CB7821C25DAEF9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. angolensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and bright yellow with fused black blotches in
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<taxonomicName id="06F9AE54E975FA69D5083533F8D8DF22" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
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||
<emphasis id="9C5FBBE58AECCCC5CEFDEC5D9B4E9FC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="302F6C9A26B6367449D3D8FCA60F1C74" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="37711516F5EBBBF3A019CAB5006E0556" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A491614DBD308BADDB6BADF07312B0BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FCDB8EC45A6C91D81737C906B8904F7A" accessionNumber="R24013" collectingDate="2015-11-02" collectorName="William R. Branch, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Joao S. de Almeida" country="Angola" county="Bentiaba River" elevation="791" latitude="-14.27583" location="Lola" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="13.45806" municipality="Camacuio" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Namibe Province" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D12E77DC787490D2D74D9D30E6D69C2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3D53A1839CA614D5198F29DD145B251A">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(female). PEM
|
||
<accessionNumber id="E8CFD7767B3D69FDD4A911DCB12DA127" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/R24013">R24013</accessionNumber>
|
||
, collected from
|
||
<quantity id="B89F0352DC3FD091EA564EC5373AD1F1" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
west of
|
||
<location id="12AB73DD0CE827A8B529A86C2FB6023D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08424C0A45F15E4FABB80A90FAEC1D6A:12AB73DD0CE827A8B529A86C2FB6023D" country="Angola" county="Bentiaba River" latitude="-14.27583" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="13.45806" municipality="Camacuio" name="Lola" stateProvince="Namibe Province">Lola</location>
|
||
on the road northwest to
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="5E8D76431A538E8AB7070219AC0EACD9">Camacuio</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, on the edge of
|
||
<collectingCounty id="B1DD8BA70B39A300F99248D224D015D5">Bentiaba River</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E5B7466AEBEE276F2D7CA50777D5B1CB" degrees="14.27583" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.27583">-14.27583</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6C91A5B52FE37A55AF7B960B3710394C" degrees="13.45806" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="13.45806">13.45806</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="C33CE3547FADE6A42A7A6168AFF63A1B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.909999999999999" unit="m" value="791.0">
|
||
<quantity id="69318C8D33EAD44FD29CDDC332E9B325" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.909999999999999" unit="m" value="791.0">791 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E5CD7C1B1EC4B5D43E5D4F9ABBBEB83D" country="Angola" name="Namibe">Namibe Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AE00D24DB38B0DE34AEA2FB41796BA60" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="200E993EA43F3F66ED7D183A58A1BC02">William R. Branch</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="2790FC92EF9F95E6FCB5803F14EA5CC2">Pedro Vaz Pinto</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="FD2B386F03D8ED5E5628C6C57BF32B6B">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE1313068493301B1E041EAF9B9C2AB4" originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
|
||
S. de Almeida
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingDate id="971F371ADAB474FB2D805F676076F685" value="2015-11-02">2 November 2015</collectingDate>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3D6DD3C6EDB7607DAD8AC330CC3F61E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="C252DF3A903744687AE81DE508C9F68B" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Additional material tentatively assigned to the new species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CFDDA890F762342F7E9855E238845EA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B27331A50DB77C765776FD1E36A89561" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Angola" latitude="-12.73333" location="Huila Province" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="14.73333" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huila Province">
|
||
AMNH 50504, Capelongo, approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="52AB22B56048B798BE26D89ABF399EB7" degrees="14.46645" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.46645">-14.46645</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="12895D05D5E1BED006D5A9C4BCDBBEDE" degrees="16.29241" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="16.29241">16.29241</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D7D04A30C1E92483C3DE2B226306290" country="Angola" name="Huila">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6643B8BDFDA1DA3DE37512DFF0A6D303" originalValue="Huíla">Huila</normalizedToken>
|
||
Province
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="133B9CFA906223A0F03BDF4534454929" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A807653D032B69892B4171A4B9183930" author="Bogert, CM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 107" refId="B8" refString="Bogert, CM, 1940. Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77: 1 - 107" title="Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition." volume="77" year="1940">Bogert 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 59); Ebanga, approx.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4027ACB771C47B37D112E31B0DC6A742" degrees="12.73333" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.73333">-12.73333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5C9979295F5EABB7426983E5D99839FC" degrees="14.73333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="14.73333">14.73333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="281B1107680B494ABF3D54C457C7118A" country="Angola" name="Benguela">Benguela Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BAC5AA2CDD63F0F3E60D396E74CF9F34" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB8713010AD6CD8E4DB3AF441E6337B6" author="Monard, A" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Bocage" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="19 - 154" refId="B79" refString="Monard, A, 1937. Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola. Arquivos do Museu Bocage 8: 19 - 154" title="Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola." volume="8" year="1937">Monard 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 123)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="29D69479A11509F0300D594B40F3C7A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="EED5935C2BC035E3497BD8D6566B54F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4473CD80FEEF91855422B2157419FF1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
The new species differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4BE48BDFBB249F0C41AF849A2F18276" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9843157DC28BAC2024779CAED249D2F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the following characters: rostral sharply depressed and angular (vs. rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B41370F51ED6D747C667DD046C937B98" lsidName="P. visseri" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="visseri">
|
||
<emphasis id="DC2B757DC65D2CA9E54C995D409BEB71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. visseri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); presence of a single band-like internasal (vs. paired internasals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0295E88EE3E6F02B3FFE94520FF8EE6A" lsidName="P. somalica" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="somalica">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B56FF9F84FE4CF674FE964482EC9F32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. somalica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC84340A452DDE7F08E8D02CB415E97" lsidName="P. bivittata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="bivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="46D1F38C3FD5D7C110B917E82EC80AFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. bivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29C722717CB0D6B42D229E173BF7A779" lsidName="P. sundevalli" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sundevalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="9392E6B9FF62E378B5A731FAA4E8DBE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. sundevalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C0922D8A0023460FFC63B66972152B5E" lsidName="P. lineata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A2676C343FAEA8D3A3FA2BBDA76B31F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); dorsal scales smooth (keeled in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52CA1297D5EE0FE66B770CDC94B9DF53" lsidName="P. janii" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="janii">
|
||
<emphasis id="233778C80B15BB61B0E25DEE2178EA61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. janii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); midbody scale rows 15-17 (vs. 19-21 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8077DBDC8809B0C1FBE5F59AC7DD03F1" lsidName="P. pitmani" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pitmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D0ADDC3E5A2A52BC3861CDB12496588" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. pitmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); six supralabials, with 3rd and 4th entering orbit (vs. five supralabials, with 2nd and 3rd entering orbit in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4CB1A7202AEBAECAA75DC53D2FE0B20" lsidName="P. meleagris" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A06CBE29F5661E5884F73431608F118" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBE065E044EF30A10F13E36C08D82AEA" lsidName="P. greigerti" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="greigerti">
|
||
<emphasis id="78336CE4F7023D334F35E95B120AADCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. greigerti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); single apical pits on dorsal scales (vs. paired apical pits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="817AB0B5C2463B3515B4A845F0111D3D" lsidName="P. ruspolii" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ruspolii">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1BCF171E7E2F850E8A69AC8B44D0911" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ruspolii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); lower number of ventral scales in both sexes (116-129 vs. 153-199 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88CFF222F527BF3BD031AC692CEF8CBC" lsidName="P. frontalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5670497703F0EAF7E529DA98E0E6C2AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); dorsum uniform dark grey (vs. scarlet head and dark body in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D42A493A2934DB5E131E3D02C09AE81" lsidName="P. ornatissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ornatissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE48117E5F36E14C4DFD5C3CC07B7F22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ornatissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It further differs from its closest congeners in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C29994D4EAAF23A0004E8120DF888EF" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1915" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna angolensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="24E435088C2036C656BD6180EFAD675F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna angolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group: one postocular (vs. two in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F78DA102623C5E21158A50A6540A6777" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
|
||
<emphasis id="BE11C5E728CFAE1C88016D894F8E552F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.), dorsum uniform grey (vs. dorsum with large mostly fused black blotches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1ED8970815BF0AD7212B01CCDF4FB64" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
|
||
<emphasis id="9349889B7D69862AE303FCCCF7130CCC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and mostly smaller paired longitudinal rows of grey to black spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B302EFF892EF1C339C3FB6514884A9A4" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A34B5A7AB6D4BE07E3BC208C585036B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. angolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), postorbital bone absence (vs. present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="257D693AF945A84838E5F7B27D538593" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
|
||
<emphasis id="F42E6FEEEE02E9281B09E84215F332C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.), presence of two well-develop palatine teeth (vs. four to five in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDCA7DAE7BA350E78BF2D96DC37578C4" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
|
||
<emphasis id="96C4700D6B4C70D3344ED9BD13A4799A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and three reduced teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09D5FB3C60DA42A0124922B4012E17CB" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D3A64B616BF278006160BF62F890949" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. angolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), fused braincase (vs. unfused in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99C81BDC3AD7F3BEB4A9B2EE5EA4A409" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="130B8807246C498A0E36509C36B1604D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. angolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D10128E336DA70138BDCF8398DBA72" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
|
||
<emphasis id="876BE9E68D580DEE85EE2B8A89B851CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) and two frontal foramina (vs. three to four in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DF04FC28D37FF96C0AE75BD9E62F5C" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9C9EF5924CB6637548CADC4F53A9A27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. angolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="586B5F0FAE5C70D395BD318867A29746" lsidName="P. lisima" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="lisima">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F5286E4BEA4FB68FB0D556DAB458073" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. lisima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F17391E0E6A9E7E5F8C072C3DDCD0517" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="71319F8B79E589DF999F7E12A15DFCA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4B1989AD6FD6B594FAFFF1C083B88725" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
When the late Bill Branch collected the holotype, he was unsure of its identification and referred to it as an unusual specimen that could not be assigned to any known species from Angola. He later referred to it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B55902D5A8DAAE6028E892197A1B1D49" lsidName="P. ambigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="731073B53B0F1CC1AC26A78FA14C54CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19A40DCBA53E439CBB090F01506983FC" author="Branch, WR" journalOrPublisher="Struik Publishers, Cape Town" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="B14" refString="Branch, WR, 2018. Snakes of Angola: An annotated checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(2)[General Section]: 41-82[e159]." title="Snakes of Angola: An annotated checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12 (2) [General Section]: 41 - 82 [e 159]." year="2018">Branch 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), presumably based on its uniform grey colouration. The name
|
||
<emphasis id="2C7530D5EAC3EDBD995E6AD285407B9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">confusa</emphasis>
|
||
is a reflection of the confusion this specimen has caused and of the general confusion in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7D674F30857B5D9D70C2A28025B4CE3" lsidName="P. angolensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="angolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D5E814420A693FB0313D88593B5B4EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. angolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="677AF285B31C9D381D77FD43B518449C" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF08C429E4D4CE725AB393015500C191" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Description of holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="319286FD2B30D66395989008218D304B" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9737E06D29B4242C64C3A1904EB160B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CC2B267F0352457D874E97B0869F1CF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of Prosymna confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola A dorsal and ventral full body B dorsal head C ventral head D lateral head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female measuring 240 mm SVL+29 mm TL = 269 mm total length. The body is cylindrical and elongated, tapering gradually to a very short tail, 10.8% total length, tail tip with prominent spike. Dorsal scales smooth, with single apical pits, in 17-15-15 scale rows, scale row reduction from 17 to 16 take place at ventral number 29 with the fusion of 3rd and 4th dorsal scale row on right side and from 16 to 15 at ventral 32 with the fusion of 3rd and 4th dorsal scale row on left side; 151 ventral scales; cloaca entire; 26 subcaudal scales. Head in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EFE7AADF6BE2C36C670FFF90825F321" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of Prosymna confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola A dorsal and ventral full body B dorsal head C ventral head D lateral head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">13B</figureCitation>
|
||
): head narrow and rounded, barely wider than
|
||
<normalizedToken id="55CEB2361BEF02BD83D86A2F746B8346" originalValue="‘neck’">'neck'</normalizedToken>
|
||
; rostral clearly visible from above, much broader than long (2.84
|
||
<normalizedToken id="590947B3B7377756826E5EDDECB04665" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.47 mm); a single narrow internasal, which is much longer than wide (2.40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9471819BE0281B39F564929D743C0D7D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.57 mm) and in broad contact with the rostral anteriorly, posteriorly in broad contact with prefrontal and laterally with nasals; single band-like prefrontal which is longer than wide (3.71
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56BAA6D62247D640ED9106686896C7D6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25 mm), in contact laterally with loreal and posteriorly with the frontal and supraocular scales; frontal pentangular, almost as long as wide (2.97
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B7ED7C9617391F1471B93B373AD4BD57" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.14 mm), nearly equal in length to the distance to snout (2.91 mm), more than double than prefrontal width (3.14 vs. 1.25 mm), and three quarters the length of the parietals (3.14 vs. 2.43 mm), in contact laterally with narrow supraoculars, and posteriorly with two very large parietals; paired parietals longer than wide (2.28
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D115E9EE47C93B35BEF5A9B152DDCB0A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.43 mm), in contact posteriorly with each other and laterally with temporals. Head in ventral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA4074FDFCC96C03F2ECA32210E74965" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of Prosymna confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola A dorsal and ventral full body B dorsal head C ventral head D lateral head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">13C</figureCitation>
|
||
): rostral clearly visible from below, protruding well past jawline; mental small, triangular; infralabials eight on right side and nine on left side, first three in contact with single paired chin shields, 1st infralabials in contact with each other; additional three rows of smaller gular scales present before the start of ventral scales. Head in lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="921A16369540CB7BC5142380087F2CF6" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of Prosymna confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola A dorsal and ventral full body B dorsal head C ventral head D lateral head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
): snout sharply pointed, longer than the horizontal diameter of eye (ED/SL = 0.45); rostral large with acutely horizontal angular edge, excavated below; nostril is oval shaped, piercing divided nasal, and directed backwards; nasal scale longer than wide, with anterior part in full contact with rostral, posterior lower corner in contact with 1st supralabial, upper section in contact with internasal scale and prefrontal and posteriorly with loreal and prefrontal; nasal suture present and intersecting loreal; single small loreal as long as wide (0.84
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7644D2C2CF3E03095231C400F0E5C875" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.84 mm), in contact below with 1st and 2nd supralabial, above with prefrontal, anteriorly with nasal and posteriorly with single preocular; single preocular on both sides in contact anteriorly with loreal and above with supraocular and prefrontal, posteriorly with loreal; eye large 16.50% HL, vertical diameter (1.53 mm), two thirds as deep as distance between eye and lip (0.42); pupil round; one postoculars, in contact with 4th upperlabial, 1st temporal scale, supraocular, and parietal; temporals 1+2; narrow elongated supraocular in contact anteriorly with preocular and prefrontal, posteriorly with the postocular and above with frontal; five supralabials on both sides with 3rd and 4th in contact with eye on right and 2nd, 3rd and 4th on left, 5th and 6th supralabial the largest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2D046C06ECE0594A71545847938BC0DB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8BA595F6B87D4A3F62CB7CD54FDE28E" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA96D5828D36BC420A613BD13C9AF34" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FBA30F2FE7A19C58072AC5315FFA691" authorityName="Conradie & Keates & Baptista & Lobón-Rovira" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna confusa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3385771FBAAF4890850B2CEEB8EAABBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (PEM R24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola
|
||
<emphasis id="FF150FC976FF472A2F7414B5FFD6FED9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal and ventral full body
|
||
<emphasis id="6AB0814E2EDBF7F48EA781E2781F280A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal head
|
||
<emphasis id="441275AC152390D8C1FA07DD9CDDFD4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral head
|
||
<emphasis id="AEEFADCEF52261941465DAAFD18548D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">D</emphasis>
|
||
lateral head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E27A00E1D4BF29A314F447123E60945F" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="8BE1B3E646674118A49FDC3E1848C970" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="825AC6EAFE76CDC2506D821C3BDEC70B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In life (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="14C7ACB5490975FF7E0B245D741FCA4D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Live P. confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola (Photo: Bill Branch)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744037" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum uniform grey with the anterior edges of scales with a white spot, outermost two to three scale rows white, with only the first outermost scale row of tail white. Nape with a faint collar that is three scale rows wide. The prefrontal and internasal black compared to the rest of the head being grey. Eye black. Ventrum white. In preservative (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7733E314054805F0D3337027108A7F86" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Holotype of Prosymna confusa sp. nov. (PEM R 24013) from 20 km west of Lola on the road northwest to Camacuio and on the edge of Bentiaba River, Namibe Province, Angola A dorsal and ventral full body B dorsal head C ventral head D lateral head." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Same as in life, but the grey faded and became brown. Ventrum beige.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9CACCB0A9B66A6F92A835F57034E3044" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="1834F193FB089CAE5AACF1979C32CA1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="75D6B2C30FCCF5990F1D80B219276944" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Additional material variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
See Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="DB16C269420D418DF37E92F5B1B0A931" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Summary of morphological features and measurements for Prosymna angolensis group. For abbreviations see Materials and methods. Notes: * including data on the Ebanga (Monard 1937) and Capelongo (Bogert 1940) specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CE661A2298586FEF7FBADB3D50769868" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" tableUuid="CE661A2298586FEF7FBADB3D50769868">2</tableCitation>
|
||
for summarised meristic data. Only data of three females were available, but the assignment of historical material to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22A0E12C552BBF61B425DDEA5BDB377D" lsidName="P. confusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A44EAE848A342A677DB0EB8476A23CE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. still requires confirmation. Dorsal scales smooth and in 17-17-15 rows at midbody; 143-155 smooth ventral scales; 17-26 paired subcaudal scales; one preoculars; one postoculars; temporals 1+2; five or six supralabials, with 3rd and 4th entering the orbit; seven infralabials, with first three in contact with the 1st chin shield, cloacal scale entire. Largest female: 240+29 mm (holotype PEM R24013). The colouration is similar to the holotype, except that in the Capelongo specimen (AMNH R50504) the white spots are much more conspicuous (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="279FCD2F9FDC67621A9E7EB7E206AF42" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. A specimen (AMNH 50504) form Capelongo, approx. - 14.46645, 16.29241; Huila Province, Angola, assignable to the new species, P. confusa sp. nov. (Photos: Lauren Vonnahme, American Museum of Natural History)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744045" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimen from Ebanga is unaccounted for (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F49308FC9928AB6664BDB96AD4BE1F08" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Nature and Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="481 - 556" refId="B19" refString="Broadley, DG, 1980. A revision of the African snake genus Prosymna Gray (Colubridae). Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia, Series B. Nature and Science 6: 481 - 556" title="A revision of the African snake genus Prosymna Gray (Colubridae). Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia, Series B." volume="6" year="1980">Broadley 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A47F574B337A8ACE9164E420B350F9A6" author="Monard, A" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Bocage" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="19 - 154" refId="B79" refString="Monard, A, 1937. Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola. Arquivos do Museu Bocage 8: 19 - 154" title="Contribution a l'Herpetologie d'Angola." volume="8" year="1937">Monard (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the colouration as uniform grey above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61D9939175A23E4A5FBC3AC0AA3AF8D0" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744045" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F57406D2D97CCC02076B0F32CC6863F" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FA53E1910F6E7725F5B499C397F07C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
A specimen (AMNH 50504) form Capelongo, approx. -14.46645, 16.29241;
|
||
<normalizedToken id="12EF16F975D1D36218D7223FFD04ABD3" originalValue="Huíla">Huila</normalizedToken>
|
||
Province, Angola, assignable to the new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B90F41251B446230BAD7948F027A2A3" lsidName="P. confusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="36FD47BA5416F8B13474BFA4A0DF4392" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (Photos: Lauren Vonnahme, American Museum of Natural History).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1FB1A6DA80E2EA33A674D17A91DF997" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEAD387A2660D546A246A696854E0BA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B57588F003A131F867B9027844473E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Skull osteology and teeth</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="98BE269097BDEF083617DAE0F4EB90D8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A Lateral B ventral C medial D dorsal views of skulls of Prosymna angolensis subgroup. Red arrows depict variation characters between the P. lisima sp. nov., P. angolensis, P. confusa sp. nov., P. cf. frontalis, and P. janii." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744038" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">7</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F03C9CA7C70BD523A4BCCF556A7A4CB" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A Dorsal, frontal and ventral view of premaxillae B medial, posterior and dorsal views of palatine; and C lateral, dorsal, and ventral view of maxilla in P. lisima sp. nov., P. angolensis, P. confusa sp. nov., P. cf. frontalis and P. janii (from left to right)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744040" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype presents a compact and rigid skull common among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDBEF6008AE73010C6D25E698EE3D568" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6C153B2146966F7DE4A75DB29FDF598" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with fused braincase, fused parietal, and unfused frontal and nasal bones. Postorbital bone is absent. Parietal with a fronto-lateral sharp edge that participates virtually as posterior edge of the orbital rim. Premaxilla has a well-developed and robust ascending nasal process that lies between the ventral laminae of the nasals with low profile of the anterior portion which gradually slope to a narrow tip and two elongated maxillary process in contact with the maxilla. Nasal bones are medium large bones in contact with frontal and premaxilla. Septomaxilla is a well-developed bone, in broad contact with premaxilla, frontal, vomer, prefrontal and frontal bone. The vomer is well developed with performed dorsolateral portion of the bone. Maxillary is reduced anteriorly with an elongated pick-shaped palatine process with six to seven laterally reduced curved tooth loci, followed by four to five enlarged lancet-shaped tooth loci. Palatine with two well developed teeth and an enlarged dorsal and curved vomerine process. Pterygoid is a thin elongated bone. Supratemporal is in broad contact with the quadrate and participates in the lateral movement of the lower jaw. The lower jaw is comprised of compound, splenial, coronoid, and dentary bones. Coronoid and splenial bones are reduced, almost vestigial. Dentary bone with six tooth loci.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A386925FD4E15E384420D4BCBA6A5856" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="76403C3AB9A760064A31EDD54AFB1EC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F0F6DA75D9FBD45AAAF8FB3B545AF02" genus="Hemipenis" lsidName="Hemipenis" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DDA39050F8E02462189CEBEB4454CB1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Hemipenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B7D0764C149642EEE8A98F34F85DAE6" author="Bogert, CM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 107" refId="B8" refString="Bogert, CM, 1940. Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77: 1 - 107" title="Herpetological Results of the Vernay Angola expedition." volume="77" year="1940">Bogert (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested it to be similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B25B0DADC084AD12AFDCAEBE832E96B" lsidName="P. ambigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="8521948875306065B5322299ED9E3415" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="951075C1D032FAC7140C1B855BE5AA49" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1873" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna ambigua" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="94F5B9B95977FD64A0A4EDA38E4D3310" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in having a very long
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86DEA3FEFF5B591F090D4F49012AFA7A" originalValue="‘telescopic’">'telescopic'</normalizedToken>
|
||
hemipenis that is longer than the tail, which is not present in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FC08C4FD3A403C15E4FAAA9976661BC" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna sundevalli" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sundevalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE67E1AEC3499CBFF4DF1EF14D8F4B14" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna sundevalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2F7EBF48657A39D3FEB2F4611351149" author="Broadley, DG" journalOrPublisher="Nature and Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="481 - 556" refId="B19" refString="Broadley, DG, 1980. A revision of the African snake genus Prosymna Gray (Colubridae). Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia, Series B. Nature and Science 6: 481 - 556" title="A revision of the African snake genus Prosymna Gray (Colubridae). Occasional papers of the National Museums of Rhodesia, Series B." volume="6" year="1980">Broadley 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The latter group, to which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C487C7E873BFA34EA95E97CA37585A9" lsidName="P. confusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF2E2EE1003FEBD5A0E5AF846022BC1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. belongs, is characterised by its short hemipenes (8-10th ventral scales long vs. longer than tail in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B6E5E5648D9FD08A2D0BD6B27A18E2ED" lsidName="P. ambigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="585D8F17C512D2038FB7AFB7C9DED801" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), low number of flounces (5-6 vs. more than 50 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93FACE34EE8D1BE98DF8D1CE4894966E" lsidName="P. ambigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA5CD7B28C24B49E329D84DC27A6494B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and straight retractor muscle (telescopic in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7975A05B1911C43012AE469DE95B822E" lsidName="P. ambigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="E049236AB14F34B55583A6F75DC4692F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F881C959FF7487047BE1AC7571F454D7" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Reptilia" family="Prosymnidae" genus="Prosymna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosymna frontalis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="frontalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C52E8CA4A0D567FB1833BF714AE7341" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Prosymna frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares a similar hemipenile structure with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FC09CD8B84DB87E0A0B2FF893286B06" lsidName="P. ambigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="DBB85B0A3E48BEC24F0E6C2A4CFAEF7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">P. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="33CF3FE73234ED40A10C7BBBD44EE94D" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="C6924BCA1097A0D71ACAC1C8FA341D94" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Natural history notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6601B483A7D78CA576343DB8CFCB846B" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">The holotype was found actively moving around near a large rock outcrop during the day.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7E31E7B6A1D39C2E599C8B12E98D62A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1803BA82C119F41FD8FD292C1B53739C" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0157707C8EBFF70A1F4A0A463301FCE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
||
This species is endemic to southwestern Angola (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D02EDC783A8FE48CA726C9F4A51AB9D6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. a Maximum likelihood (IQTREE) concatenated phylogeny with BI BEAST and BI MrBayes support overlain. Each of the species groups are demarcated by coloured vertical bars at the right margin b maximum likelihood (IQTREE) phylogenies (16 S and cyt-b) with gene-specific single-locus species delimitation analyses results overlain. The bars to the right of the phylogeny represent the putative taxa assignments for each analysis and the values beneath the bars denote the total number of putative taxa for each analysis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1121.85693.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/744033" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2</figureCitation>
|
||
), and appears to be associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5844E96EE5CCB99B50AC24D556BD8AB8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colophospermum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colophospermum mopane" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mopane">Colophospermum mopane</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodlands, dry savannas, and semi-desert shrublands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="948D4B1780F935DF707A402BBFF7B0F9" author="Barbosa, LAG" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica de Angola, Luanda, Angola" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="B4" refString="Barbosa, LAG, 1970. Carta Fitogeografica de Angola. Instituto de Investigacao Cientifica de Angola, Luanda, Angola" title="Carta Fitogeografica de Angola." year="1970">Barbosa 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new specimen was found in sandy plains with scattered low granite outcrops, with varying degrees of short grass cover and scattered bushes. Vegetation included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BEB4465884E670B017ED53884DADE03" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colophospermum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colophospermum mopane" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mopane">
|
||
<emphasis id="82AD0196E04D1B471257E58A5FC459A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Colophospermum mopane</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF8F4794A041C16213CCCCD8B40E3B2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="88F9AFAE6561131AE19CE105A459C04E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="917B544DFF28CB77E8363B426A655901" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1838" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Senegalia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Senegalia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDD1AC79D75DC10C46BE8CDDC923EED2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Senegalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7927FC7D38FDAEB9A06410708C85E744" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="04A19CA99D4564AE533509E57595D48A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="DB800C79D0B7171276E3659A931E6741" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">mellifera</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21971560B13EEE502E1BE71FD57EAEFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Commiphora" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="639E25DB88DC8EC4946F3AF7C23F7CC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Commiphora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E2163254149A230BE112E1764C4E033" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Capparaceae" genus="Boscia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Boscia foetida" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foetida">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6115B717AC9058C582595AC08144DAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Boscia foetida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEBC0747C91A4BFBF0BE5E20111853F9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salvadoraceae" genus="Salvadora" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvadora persica" order="Brassicales" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9C9F615C43C073DAFB3948FEB2697D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Salvadora persica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two additional historical specimens from Ebanga and Capelongo that are tentatively assigned to this species occurred in similar dry habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |