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<document id="4DD415E2A8DE1384CBE9498091AEC466" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412" ID-ZooBank="5FCDC07F-5C80-4B2D-92E1-0ECAB3B36108" ID-publisher-id="122412" URI-arpha="E6E8C3B0-208D-536E-BB51-AA758643C2D9" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/5FCDC07F-5C80-4B2D-92E1-0ECAB3B36108" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1736187725735" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jiang, Ri-Xin &amp; Chen, Xiang-Sheng" docDate="2025" docId="065EB3C4CACF5F1CA4C8F5EE1B92DA22" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1223: 57-67" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1223" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/122412/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Sinonychus lipinae Jiang &amp; Chen 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="E6E8C3B0208D536EBB51AA758643C2D9" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Sinonychus (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Guizhou, China" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1736188092793" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="BB06C48DFA5F74F5FC531B2034E9E813" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9FA8C50257643EA5D5918C680B0FCDCE">
<mods:title id="D737A570F88C56217E1910B3AFD88594">Two new species of the genus Sinonychus (Coleoptera, Elmidae) from Guizhou, China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9D82828AFFF8935BB03AEFCE1BCA7B78" type="personal">
<mods:role id="BB85EE2C95363AB27545438C1B934FC9">
<mods:roleTerm id="21ED13C45B65ECB620661281D734381A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5A4066B2F122E50B75BFA97A25783304">Jiang, Ri-Xin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A1CFB2ED0DD522DD91EE068DB55BB48C">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F5DD6775FE0646739EAADBFEE9387675" type="personal">
<mods:role id="14C49955F6CE08B7A1428C4E19ED84F3">
<mods:roleTerm id="7BF38D52F6A332DDB80C8428DA47756F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B7018D79AFF7E573EC198222BD6FF26F">Chen, Xiang-Sheng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E84A6F29487CCF7D54C3AF5F151F6CBC">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China &amp; The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4FBE75588E03AF70AAE1E79816DACF5C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="B8E22A25A037193591B73226D9748908" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="252461F8F4C50573CBF53901A69D1B21">
<mods:title id="BC04D9C2099D1FDA4B537DD02E45A35D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="06BDC9230F61232E899D28874402829D">
<mods:date id="C157507D543ED342E2448E2AF0D558B8">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="176BE24E3DA64E25B3C5F9AECDF50A20" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F6F3A63E2DC17F35E876D418CF8269AD">2025-01-06</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3FE35BC6C78777DC2687044AE0356DFB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FB837173A2CD53224F594225F1898F1F">1223</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="72A8DCFEA7BF125F266A23EC6DE006A5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EE5EBFE2F79B92B5F06EE00C4CA53112">57</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2A8D0B1B7E93541E9B7418C0626E3D70">67</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="06B0242D09324C39890E8A2CE99BAC88">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CCBA04B5FDB9681B63F21EE2AA04DED9" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7A9F6D0BA839B1D3827DC1FA989E157A" type="ZooBank">5FCDC07F-5C80-4B2D-92E1-0ECAB3B36108</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="065EB3C4CACF5F1CA4C8F5EE1B92DA22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14606275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14606275" ID-arpha="065EB3C4-CACF-5F1C-A4C8-F5EE1B92DA22" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/26A5072B-6E7F-4EC1-B403-CD5189584B94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:065EB3C4CACF5F1CA4C8F5EE1B92DA22" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:26A5072B-6E7F-4EC1-B403-CD5189584B94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/065EB3C4CACF5F1CA4C8F5EE1B92DA22">
<subSubSection id="08E7CAE40F75067BADEA6D42946D678D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="571DAD0E875C3F3CC17E3074FFD7942D">
<taxonomicName id="8C8F543DA6BF17EE4CC6C393F6A294FC" authority="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="178523364459D716F0177436377285BF" italics="true">Sinonychus lipinae</emphasis>
Jiang &amp; Chen
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B925A427617A19E9CFFA792ACAC17C2E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8511C65A6D08C5EEE3C7BFBD15AAD3CF" type="description">
<paragraph id="0CA8C7E7BE174FE87037F2996AE9389F">
<figureCitation id="A66608444F3F0E048E5AEF18EE5F06DE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A dorsal habitus of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. B dorsal habitus of S. luodianensis sp. nov. C antenna of S. lipinae sp. nov. D antenna of S. luodianensis sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.05 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213469">Figs 1 A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55A1D1153F34F2DE65001B23522072E9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 A – F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="861A17147D29A0DDAB0A2621B112E0F6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genital features of Sinonychus species: A – G Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. H – N, Sinonychus luodianensis sp. nov. A, H aedeagus, dorsal view B, J ditto, ventral C, I ditto, median lobe D, K ditto lateral view E, L sternite IX F, M ovipositor G, N ditto, apical part. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (G, N); 0.1 mm (A – F, H – M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213472">4 A – G (李氏华溪泥甲</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENKAC" type="type material">
<paragraph id="C8EE292FB93F5B60423AF934C7B4B16A">
<heading id="E4DED4E10D646E6DF4A6B9418EF96C04" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="704A266D054ED0363F61FE785B49CAA5">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39E4086465D7D0D7DDA932DBF2BDEE32">
26 exs:
<specimenCount id="110F17B4C6FDAFD27467F509760C5FF3" count="11" type="male">11 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="DCDB05D3E4602F8F61190FA50DE2695E" count="5" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9A53CB4A57B685843C96F48117A2869B" count="10" type="generic">10 exs.</specimenCount>
, sex undetermined.
<emphasis id="770952944926335C82EB36C982FA71CF" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="4EFCF5029B36686CF5506C81842B209E" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: •
<materialsCitation id="7F63971CC03B905B6707373F9CCA69C9" collectingDate="2023-08-31" collectionCode="GUGC" collectorName="Xiu-Dong Huang &amp; Paratypes" country="China" county="Qiannan Buyi" elevation="1" latitude="26.214445" location="Longli" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="106.99083" municipality="Miao Autonomous Prefecture" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="8C850822F8E2B587E6807F562DBA1FD4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="58BC50B0B77CE60FBC59FBC4762EA219" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, labeled “
<collectingCountry id="1318510D53AB9A2EFB06B4338769E8E3" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="2E18288CE27CE89F5D31B4FFD63AFF1A" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="3CE96ECAA8E40B05D406EF7351149CFE">Qiannan Buyi</collectingCounty>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="BF705117EBB6361F6DE3B4C89AF1B1A8">Miao Autonomous Prefecture</collectingMunicipality>
(黔南布依族苗族自治州),
<location id="0299D1C2F2C729C6C35B69DB36199C0E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:065EB3C4CACF5F1CA4C8F5EE1B92DA22:0299D1C2F2C729C6C35B69DB36199C0E" country="China" county="Qiannan Buyi" latitude="26.214445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="106.99083" municipality="Miao Autonomous Prefecture" name="Longli" stateProvince="Guizhou">Longli</location>
(龙里县),
<location id="A41B316FF1156B55C8EB9403CFAE1629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:065EB3C4CACF5F1CA4C8F5EE1B92DA22:A41B316FF1156B55C8EB9403CFAE1629" country="China" county="Qiannan Buyi" latitude="26.214445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="106.99083" municipality="Miao Autonomous Prefecture" name="Wantanhe Town" stateProvince="Guizhou">Wantanhe Town</location>
(湾滩河镇), H: 1136.10 ±
<quantity id="177A8BAD987385D74D260483AABDBEA1" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" unit="m" value="1.08">
<elevation id="5CCCE3CF331C33D69D820428A3D3119D" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" unit="m" value="1.08">1.08 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EZKAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[106.990833,26.214444]}">
<geoCoordinate id="8A5E9FF47E2CB1E7E9759B225DDA0972" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="52" value="26.214445">26 ° 12 ' 52 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="03A38A24F4085304CBBE95A1C236B317" degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="106.99083">106 ° 59 ' 27 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
,
<date id="730FB5B499025BCAF26FB21BE5A329FB" value="2023-08-31">
<collectingDate id="777A0355FC34FC147B9D67DE535CF569" value="2023-08-31">31. VIII. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, Jiang Ri-Xin, Hai-Tao Li, Pin Li, Yu-Hao Zhang, Yin-Lin Mu &amp;
<collectorName id="C4E6984770716C184E214E58DF0556CF">Xiu-Dong Huang</collectorName>
leg. ” (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0E5KAC" xlink_title="Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China">
<collectionCode id="3DBDC135C873B90B22D24ABE937FC0C9">GUGC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
).
<emphasis id="5C7BDBA6A2F4C6790FC37E0B63A3D78F" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="E4AE780694AC1E436722DD0B4925BB65" type="paratype">
<collectorName id="AE1FBC80A0D50CFCB2CAE0A42EEE8924">Paratypes</collectorName>
</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
: •
<materialsCitation id="6DC3BF8D9DE76113638BDA5028B223FB" collectingDate="2023-08-31" collectionCode="GUGC" collectorName="Xiu-Dong Huang &amp; Paratypes" country="China" county="Qiannan Buyi" elevation="1" latitude="26.214445" location="Longli" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="106.99083" municipality="Miao Autonomous Prefecture" specimenCount="25" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="44AE64A1C6B71C305F9C03FEA852E4FD" count="10" type="male">10 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="CDADAE3A85517E2067CDE6B97D91A2EB" count="5" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="6A0D3CC0EF403948CE475A2D27085AD0" count="10" type="generic">10 exs.</specimenCount>
, sex undetermined, with same label data as the holotype (
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EGLAC" xlink_title="Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China">
<collectionCode id="4406C5576EC39C06FB56FC2707C0890D">GUGC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELLAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="695E1C6E7B1463173B3D167217C37E95">
<heading id="273AF844B3F5C63823DA923980828515" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="40E165C4D829485BFDA2C16A3B551E0D">Body broadly oval, black; mouthparts, antennae, anterior margin of pronotum, trochanters and base of tibia and tarsi (including claws) light brown. Frons, pronotum and basal elytra finely granulate. Pronotum with anterolateral marginal band of silvery, sericeous tomentum. Elytral intervals 3, 5, 6, 7 with granulate carinae; carina of interval 3 short, less than half the length of elytron; other carinae longer than half length of elytron. Aedeagus slender, apex of median lobe acute; median lobe with a pair of long sclerotizations located at apical 1 / 2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQLAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="42DE1CE2B4C1878624303B616C731687">
<heading id="67038A0AFA53EA5960CACD956AA5C72D" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0400D070F01B4A5412F7EA52DF37C87">
Body broadly oval (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9BD92FF82B519DE8BF639AC85C5DD18B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A dorsal habitus of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. B dorsal habitus of S. luodianensis sp. nov. C antenna of S. lipinae sp. nov. D antenna of S. luodianensis sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.05 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213469">1 A</figureCitation>
); black, with mouthparts, antennae, anterior margin of pronotum, trochanters and base of tibia and tarsi (including claws) light brown. Plastron setae confined to the following areas: head (both dorsal and ventral surfaces, including clypeus); pronotum (anterolateral marginal areas); elytra (lateral areas, including epipleura); prosternum (except disc); mesoventrite, metaventrite and abdomen (lateral areas); and femora.
</paragraph>
<caption id="887056AC0B243045771861300B985853" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure1" ID-arpha="4C6636C9-B213-558A-9196-9B7D47D19AF6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213469" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="9D743ED75F6397EE5E0CC1C319363A1E">
<label id="DA96C84428C6AC3EEAD8CDFA9E93020D">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="073CB6B4B7986205928D27E7B2E0094A">
<emphasis id="FC5AA1C6520739651C1B823E06A4C57D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
dorsal habitus of
<taxonomicName id="20238941A36BE3F885B042F5ACC44FC0" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6C916AFE0E466D08AB49BEFE58E75C8E" italics="true">Sinonychus lipinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B2DA8AF76098A0F17894931B5A08AE24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="677880A8C4D22D7D7F39D53321B19691" bold="true">B</emphasis>
dorsal habitus of
<taxonomicName id="D7139BEAEC4228F29DC95AAA98389BD1" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luodianensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2E3D7FD7F36DD99CB32A97B64FA16EC7" italics="true">S. luodianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1786ED6D5A6B654FD18788081849926C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="20A42A40FED1C47DEE66FA9632384956" bold="true">C</emphasis>
antenna of
<taxonomicName id="6215C6A1BF99AA11E09B1A8ADDCE691D" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B17D3C4319E4471E22CCE2329912DF54" italics="true">S. lipinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="48A60000C7608E256DA58AC400E7DB48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="0A690D93D085700F5B23C338248196DA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
antenna of
<taxonomicName id="91159198D6405C9C5C92C90198C3B355" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luodianensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="04D6B53F3C1E66188219E523270D7549" italics="true">S. luodianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A00C90E20F01C2B2A726F59109DDA497" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="75399DF1CF23FBB70A0E20AC17C7E2D9" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
); 0.05 mm (
<emphasis id="BA46698E917CBA12522681E2A2EF91EE" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1B64E4F912E9A7CC18595348D7102A7C">
Head (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0658B6FA3240932AE36E8B77F76CA1AC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 A</figureCitation>
) wider than long, surface covered with plastron setae and mixed with sparse, long setae and granules. Clypeus anterior surface microreticulate; covered with sparse, long setae; without plastron setae. Labrum transverse, narrower than clypeus; surface microreticulate, apical 1 / 2 covered with sparse, long setae; apical margin nearly straight; lateral margins rounded and with long bristles. Antenna (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CB8BE920E08C2914F1A1F8F22FF00CB1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A dorsal habitus of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. B dorsal habitus of S. luodianensis sp. nov. C antenna of S. lipinae sp. nov. D antenna of S. luodianensis sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 0.05 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213469">1 C</figureCitation>
) 7 - segmented with apical antennomere clubbed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D62D5ED5330EAB63E74764A05E52129B" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" ID-arpha="7B8D7E51-8DD7-5FF1-A2D6-FE16E542AD92" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="80029B6768983183EEE5CC660B34E981">
<label id="B3E5F81DE53176BB46DEC21D2F3BF1E9">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9315E7E5AE563CBE4B7CB228558A9B70">
Diagnostic features of
<taxonomicName id="7A404FC6990AE2CFF647BFF62C3F9E3D" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EC9C8429CBCBB53FAE98E6C807DE0550" italics="true">Sinonychus lipinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="902F8882E8776299EB5EBFFB0953D178" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="D141D45AE2B2E75B7C97880101F7D94D" bold="true">A</emphasis>
head
<emphasis id="BBC43ACCC3FE0EBEF5F668426376DC44" bold="true">B</emphasis>
pronotum
<emphasis id="564A6D39FCA20942B607E847079FEFE8" bold="true">C</emphasis>
prosternal process
<emphasis id="CEF40DDDE21F2F22752E88136774423F" bold="true">D</emphasis>
metaventrite
<emphasis id="4214BD6B34718C789B819B93F2120A47" bold="true">E</emphasis>
abdomen
<emphasis id="030457B436EA7C48D5E845D7478B70A4" bold="true">F</emphasis>
elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
<emphasis id="97681C411A1C755167D987521600092F" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis id="6A4A583E5A47D1E0D553325AA4E74B70" bold="true">B – F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="92CF9AB478D5BD4D59AB0A96D46229E9">
Pronotum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C2ADEDC11C5763EADABBA659AC462F98" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 B</figureCitation>
) wider than long, widest at base, get narrowed from basal 1 / 3 to apex. Surface microreticulate and granulate except areas near apical margin. Apicolateral margins covered with plastron setae. Anterior 1 / 2 of disc covered with sparse, long setae distinctly longer than setae on other parts of pronotum. Median longitudinal sulcus distinct and long, extending from base nearly to anterior margin, deep at basal 1 / 2, much shallower at apical 1 / 2. Sublateral grooves distinct and straight, parallel to each other. Anterior margin strongly curved, anterior angles not produced. Lateral margins nearly parallel at base, then evenly narrowed. Basal margin trisinuate, emarginate anterior to scutellum, posterior angles nearly orthogonal. Prosternal process (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9100BC70A2962A7688FC89501B62E2B4" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 C</figureCitation>
) subtriangular, with rounded apex, surface distinctly microreticulate, covered with sparse, long setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB501B926DFA10DFFF822A1FBD0778EE">
Scutellum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F6FB3BB8C1C0822853269612998D90BB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 B</figureCitation>
) cordate, longer than wide, widest at basal 1 / 3; surface shiny and glabrous. Anterior margin strongly curved, lateral margins weakly curved, apex acutangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="10CD5F92C628B6A7621FFF32DEA5892C">
Elytra (Fig.
<figureCitation id="56D62A69EF77BD075A2CF32DF901E67C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 F</figureCitation>
) longer than wide, widest near middle. Surface granulate near base and apex; disc microreticulate. Strial punctures large in basal 2 / 3 of elytra, mostly separated by about twice a diameter; much smaller and widely separated in other parts of elytra. Elytral intervals 3, 5, 6, 7 with granulate carinae; carina of interval 3 shortest, about 1 / 3 length of elytra; carina of interval 5 about 2 / 3 length of elytra; other two carinae long, extending from base of elytra nearly to apex. Areas from interval 5 to lateral margins with plastron setae except for apical 2 / 3 between intervals 5 and 6. Hing wings reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9BE2C07B002C458E29DA948F5942661">
Metaventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8B784176B9280281FE9BC682DE6B5876" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 D</figureCitation>
) with disc distinctly microreticulate and covered with sparse, long setae; lateral areas with plastron setae. Median sulcus shallow and indistinct, extending from posterior margin to anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3CE593B1D29CB21153F5D197524E7DB">
Abdominal surface finely granulate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A05955C5FB354786487BA66B6F5D29BB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Diagnostic features of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. A head B pronotum C prosternal process D metaventrite E abdomen F elytron. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B – F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213470">2 E</figureCitation>
). Admedian carinae of ventrite 1 obscure, straight, extending from base to apex. Median areas of ventrites 1–4 and anterior middle part of ventrite 5 distinctly microreticulate; lateral areas of ventrites 1–5 covered with plastron setae and mixed with sparse long setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC1A2E4D678926DCE1C7284DDF838291">Legs simple, surface granulate (except tarsi). Surface of femora covered with sericeous tomentum; inner side of tibiae with cleaning fringes; tarsi slightly shorter tibiae; tarsal claws simple.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56A06699C5F7658CCE580EC69B87AF3C">
Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9CFC59FE252F19594544296FEF91DA10" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genital features of Sinonychus species: A – G Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. H – N, Sinonychus luodianensis sp. nov. A, H aedeagus, dorsal view B, J ditto, ventral C, I ditto, median lobe D, K ditto lateral view E, L sternite IX F, M ovipositor G, N ditto, apical part. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (G, N); 0.1 mm (A – F, H – M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213472">4 A – D</figureCitation>
) slender and elongate. Parameres short, not obvious, weakly sclerotized, without setae. Median lobe symmetrical, distinctly narrowed near base; apex acute; with a pair of long sclerotizations at apical 1 / 2. Sternite IX (Fig.
<figureCitation id="21814D0C3E86222800AF5D3716CFB864" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genital features of Sinonychus species: A – G Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. H – N, Sinonychus luodianensis sp. nov. A, H aedeagus, dorsal view B, J ditto, ventral C, I ditto, median lobe D, K ditto lateral view E, L sternite IX F, M ovipositor G, N ditto, apical part. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (G, N); 0.1 mm (A – F, H – M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213472">4 E</figureCitation>
) with apical margin curved, without setae, median strut with base distinctly curved. Phallobase short, about 1 / 6 length of median lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26D3DA2FC59BAF0FA5E2F0A5A996146A">
Measurements:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBBAE" xlink_title="sum of PL + EL">CL</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="1A788FA7118D72D6C48C4AF344578297" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3399999999999999" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.25" unit="mm" value="1.3399999999999999" valueMax="1.43" valueMin="1.25">1.25–1.43 mm</quantity>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFBAE" xlink_title="length of pronotum along midline">
<collectionCode id="27AA3E1C16D40A793B9FEEF3CDB42CBF" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="A4A05D713A53C11FFBB1EA3DAC8DE941" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.2" unit="mm" value="0.45999999999999996" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.42">0.42–0.50 mm</quantity>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJBAE" xlink_title="maximum width of pronotum">
<collectionCode id="D1AC500ABB6675BFDEB61C07363D7688" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections">PW</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="6C8DB1133DAEA885B9B7C4A09D0BC333" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.8" unit="mm" value="0.605" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.58">0.58–0.63 mm</quantity>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENBAE" xlink_title="length of elytra along suture">EL</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="3F3682454BB4DF279FEA89B2DA2103C9" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="8.1" unit="mm" value="0.87" valueMax="0.93" valueMin="0.81">0.81–0.93 mm</quantity>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERBAE" xlink_title="maximum width of elytra">EW</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="3C3C2BCDC007AF18DB78745490F81307" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="mm" value="0.725" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.7">0.70–0.75 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="23F3D406C37A9E879326070D80E81A71">
Female externally similar to the male, but averaging larger. Ovipositor as in Fig.
<figureCitation id="3CB0D6901DBCFDDDE36B7539B169FB85" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Genital features of Sinonychus species: A – G Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. H – N, Sinonychus luodianensis sp. nov. A, H aedeagus, dorsal view B, J ditto, ventral C, I ditto, median lobe D, K ditto lateral view E, L sternite IX F, M ovipositor G, N ditto, apical part. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (G, N); 0.1 mm (A – F, H – M)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213472">4 F, G</figureCitation>
: valvifer about twice as long as coxite, distinctly expanded at base; coxite apex strongly expanded, broadly rounded at outer margin; stylus short, distinctly curved at middle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="841F9BFDD2BF41C9BF3AFF5DBECFCD30">
Measurements:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4BAE" xlink_title="sum of PL + EL">CL</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="A08FA5BCDA63A8C8D203E29BF259F1F8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.345" metricValueMax="1.41" metricValueMin="1.28" unit="mm" value="1.345" valueMax="1.41" valueMin="1.28">1.28–1.41 mm</quantity>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBCAE" xlink_title="length of pronotum along midline">
<collectionCode id="46BD999265DCC5EC2626B8131ACCC8B4" country="Czech Republic" name="Západoceské muzeum v Plzni" type="Museum">PL</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="007233231A7E790C42D405051A735EE6" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.3" unit="mm" value="0.45499999999999996" valueMax="0.48" valueMin="0.43">0.43–0.48 mm</quantity>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFCAE" xlink_title="maximum width of pronotum">
<collectionCode id="02898EFC3A6D472E53C6BD6A78762708" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections">PW</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="09E96BD3BE83D03F84F956CF949604E1" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.1" unit="mm" value="0.635" valueMax="0.66" valueMin="0.61">0.61–0.66 mm</quantity>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EJCAE" xlink_title="length of elytra along suture">EL</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="05800A385ABF7C1148EFE31D751B8B5C" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="8.5" unit="mm" value="0.89" valueMax="0.93" valueMin="0.85">0.85–0.93 mm</quantity>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENCAE" xlink_title="maximum width of elytra">EW</abbrev>
:
<quantity id="4BD3C025C81B01734D63A35C9B23D475" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.3" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.81" valueMin="0.73">0.73–0.81 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERCAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7E94FB190BFCB4EA03A562EAA3161155">
<heading id="0165BA55360008535FE664DF68777608" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D2A5BFE39DF7489DFB672B99F4FD6964">
<collectingCountry id="1321518CF31DE9EFC619538B78AD3EF7" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. Only known from the
<typeStatus id="BA3640B39925A5DA63E455C37CD036F8">type</typeStatus>
locality in Longli County, Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,
<collectingRegion id="E881428D66FEA73DE736CEC0C951D47F" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWCAE" type="biology">
<paragraph id="BD824C82666D0AC0369AFF3B08580664">
<heading id="18217727706EC1C424A147287B505338" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0CB21A376A656E04E94E197AFDF5FB5F">
All adults were collected from gravel on the bottom of a small stream in a ravine (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F715C2596462AC7526AF28764141DE5F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitat of Sinonychus lipinae sp. nov. at the type locality A general environment B microenvironment C living adult D collectors, left: Miss Yu-Hao Zhang, right: Dr Yin-Lin Mu E collectors, left: Dr Hai-Tao Li, right: Dr Pin Li." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1223.122412.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1213473">5 A – E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EADAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="78661C10139C82A8736409766BCA603D">
<heading id="BC508A61CD9570927E9C1AE4221DFDD7" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFE9FC3A2A8ACC7CFA48FC4E4EBE4A4D">
The species epithet “
<emphasis id="6367853DDF7EBFC666CEED41A653E426" italics="true">lipinae</emphasis>
” honors our friend and colleague Dr Pin Li (
<collectingRegion id="28516DE94449994EF35F29CFA430F957" country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
University), one of the collectors of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQDAE" type="Comparative diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F55F4973A65B0354812ADB8CC6BDF659">
<heading id="50C714E623166054F07AA433D24081F7" reason="title">Comparative diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F5883A5FDD42979470F0DAA699476ED">
<taxonomicName id="98B25CA2885C4B709E9ADE23DC2DB2C0" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Chen" authorityYear="2025" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipinae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E9191762485BEA7545C7BEE0971FE4C3" italics="true">Sinonychus lipinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="35E22C0702E717911290DA3F9A98C672" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is highly similar to the Japanese species
<taxonomicName id="547F54F35D1A900810E9F23A99DEBD0E" authorityName="Yoshitomi &amp; Nakajima" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Elmidae" genus="Sinonychus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsujunensis">
<emphasis id="B367C62E2E077BCB7D1DE82673D07347" italics="true">S. tsujunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in appearance. The new species can be distinguished from the latter species by the following characters: 1) median longitudinal sulcus of pronotum narrower; basal 1 / 2 distinctly wider than apical 1 / 2 (vs. much wider; basal 1 / 2 weakly wider than apical 1 / 2); 2) male aedeagus with apex of median lobe acute (vs. apex rounded); 3) parameres without setae in basal parts (vs. bearing short setae in basal parts); and 4) median lobe about 6 times as long as phallobase (vs. about 5 times as long as phallobase).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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