321 lines
30 KiB
XML
321 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6179148" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3deb99d5-9899-4be3-b719-52c06f7c8d54" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130509495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6179148" checkinTime="1494507051160" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Dankittipakul & Deeleman-Reinhold" docDate="2012" docId="060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E" docLanguage="en" docName="Dankittipakul_DeelemanReinhold2012FINAL.imf" docOrigin="Zoological Research 33 (2)" docSource="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223980105_A_new_spider_species_of_the_genus_Sudharmia_from_Sumatra_Indonesia_Araneae_Liocranidae" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Sudharmia tridenticula Dankittipakul & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="189" masterDocId="FA379502FFBEFFB0FFF8FFC06931FFFB" masterDocTitle="A new spider species of the genus Sudharmia from Sumatra, Indonesia (Araneae, Liocranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="187" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" updateTime="1645336110986" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new spider species of the genus Sudharmia from Sumatra, Indonesia (Araneae, Liocranidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dankittipakul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Deeleman-Reinhold</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoological Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>33</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>190</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223980105_A_new_spider_species_of_the_genus_Sudharmia_from_Sumatra_Indonesia_Araneae_Liocranidae</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3724/Sp.J.1141.2012.02187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">3deb99d5-9899-4be3-b719-52c06f7c8d54</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574640</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6179148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130509495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6179148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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||
<subSubSection box="[822,1376,652,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[822,1436,508,826]" box="[822,1376,652,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,1221,655,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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2.1
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<taxonomicName box="[869,1127,655,678]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[869,1127,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Sudharmia tridenticula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1134,1221,655,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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（
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<figureCitation box="[1248,1307,655,679]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a −e）
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[822,1436,508,826]" lastBlockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1675725562" collectingDate="2006-06-02" collectionCode="MHNG" collection_specimenCode="Sum-06/05" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger" country="Indonesia" county="Batang Palupuh Rafflesia Sactuary" elevation="950" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="189" latitude="-0.24222222" location="Bukittinggi" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.352776" municipality="West Sumatra Province" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sumatra" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type material:
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<typeStatus box="[1055,1159,691,714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[1170,1190,692,715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1209,1321,691,714]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" value="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1337,1433,692,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[822,1111,728,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">West Sumatra Province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E:8B780AB7FFBFFFB1FB90FD196A91FCED" country="Indonesia" latitude="-0.24222222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.352776" municipality="West Sumatra Province" name="Batang Palupuh Rafflesia Sactuary" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Sumatra">Batang Palupuh Rafflesia Sactuary</location>
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||
,
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||
<locationDeviation box="[944,1096,765,790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<quantity box="[944,1021,765,790]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
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north
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</locationDeviation>
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of
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E:8B780AB7FFBFFFB1FB80FD3D6C33FCEF" box="[1144,1282,765,788]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-0.24222222" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.352776" municipality="West Sumatra Province" name="Bukittinggi" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" stateProvince="Sumatra">Bukittinggi</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1298,1429,765,790]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="15" value="-0.24222222">S00º14′32″</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[822,957,802,826]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" precision="15" value="100.352776">E100º21′10″</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation box="[973,1118,802,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">900−1 0 0 0 m</elevation>
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, primary forest,
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<date box="[1301,1430,797,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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<collectingDate box="[1301,1430,797,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">June 2nd–3rd</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectingDate box="[151,207,250,273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">2006</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName box="[218,417,250,274]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">P.J. Schwendinger</collectorName>
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leg. (
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<collectionCode box="[477,703,250,274]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">MHNG, Sum–06/05</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" targetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1436,1903,1987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">
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Fig. 1 The illustrations of
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<taxonomicName box="[770,993,1903,1924]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[770,993,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">Sudharmia tridenticula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1000,1076,1904,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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a-c) male
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<typeStatus box="[237,307,1938,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">holotype</typeStatus>
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; d-e) female
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<typeStatus box="[430,502,1938,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="188">paratype</typeStatus>
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; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502458283" collectingDate="2006-06-02" collectionCode="MHNG" collection_specimenCode="Sum– 06/05" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger" country="Indonesia" county="Batang Palupuh Rafflesia Sactuary" latitude="-0.24222222" location="Bukittinggi" longitude="100.352776" municipality="West Sumatra Province" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sumatra" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[204,312,288,312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount box="[323,356,287,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[370,404,287,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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, data as holotype (
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<collectionCode pageId="2" pageNumber="189">MHNG, Sum– 06/05</collectionCode>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502458286" collectingDate="2006-06-11" collectingDateMax="2006-06-13" collectingDateMin="2006-06-11" collectionCode="MHNG" collection_specimenCode="Sum–06/18" collectorName="P. J. Schwendinger" country="Indonesia" elevation="350" latitude="0.34611112" location="Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.06917" municipality="West Sumatra Province" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4">
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||
<specimenCount box="[240,274,324,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount box="[292,326,324,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[344,610,323,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">West Sumatra Province</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E:8B780AB7FFBCFFB2FD8AFE836878FE7B" latitude="0.34611112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.06917" municipality="West Sumatra Province" name="Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[349,544,360,385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
ca.
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||
<quantity box="[395,472,360,385]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
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||
north
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||
</locationDeviation>
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||
of
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:060EED7AFFBFFFB3FCCEFD4F6DFEFE5E:8B780AB7FFBCFFB2FDAFFEA86BCBFE84" box="[599,762,360,383]" latitude="0.34611112" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="100.06917" municipality="West Sumatra Province" name="Lubuksikaping" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Lubuksikaping</location>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,265,397,422]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" precision="15" value="0.34611112">N0°20′46′′</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[287,424,397,422]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" precision="15" value="100.06917">E100°04′09′′</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity box="[446,580,398,422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[446,580,398,422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">
|
||
300−
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||
<quantity box="[501,580,398,422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
, primary forest,
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||
<date box="[151,379,429,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" value="2006-06-11" valueMax="2006-06-13" valueMin="2006-06-11">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[151,379,429,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" value="2006-06-11" valueMax="2006-06-13" valueMin="2006-06-11">June 11th −13th 2006</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[397,602,434,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">P.J. Schwendinger</collectorName>
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||
leg. (
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<collectionCode pageId="2" pageNumber="189">MHNG, Sum–06/18</collectionCode>
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||
).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from a combination of Latin words (
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<emphasis box="[481,506,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">tri</emphasis>
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||
=three;
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<emphasis box="[593,703,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">denticulus</emphasis>
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=with denticles), and refers to three apophyses on the male palpal patella and tibia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
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Diagnosis: Males of this
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<taxonomicName box="[476,628,654,678]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[476,628,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. tridenticula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[636,721,656,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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can be distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName box="[527,633,691,715]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beroni">
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<emphasis box="[527,633,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. beroni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
Deeleman- Reinhold, 2001 and
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<taxonomicName authority="Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="2001" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pongorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[388,531,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. pongorum</emphasis>
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Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001
|
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</taxonomicName>
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by the hook-shaped subapical extension on the embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[261,318,802,825]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig.1</figureCitation>
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b,c; additional extension absent in those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[182,281,838,862]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beroni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,281,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. beroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[336,474,839,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pongorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[336,474,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. pongorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the presence of a short apophysis on the palpal patella (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[571,628,875,898]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
b,c, PA) and two longer ones on the palpal tibia (
|
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<figureCitation box="[561,618,912,935]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig.1</figureCitation>
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b,c, PTA and DTA) (a patellar apophysis is absent and only a single retrolateral tibial apophysis is present in those two species). Females can be easily distinguished by the internal ducts running mid-longitudinally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[644,713,1059,1082]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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d −e) (median ducts short and indistinct in those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[666,766,1096,1120]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beroni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[666,766,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. beroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,342,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. pongorumi</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Description: Male (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[430,530,1170,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
): Total length 2.26; prosoma 1.26 long, 0.84 wide; opisthosoma 1.40 long, 1.04 wide. Leg formula 4123. Leg measurements. I 4.75 (2.13, 1.43, 0.70, 0.49), II 3.30 (0.93, 1.20, 0.66, 0.49), III 2.58 (0.71, 0.77, 0.60, 0.49), IV 4.30 (1.10, 1.66, 0.88, 0.66). Spination. Leg I: femur pr-1, tibia
|
||
<date box="[590,650,1354,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">v-2-2</date>
|
||
-2-2-2-2-2, metatarsus
|
||
<date box="[277,337,1391,1415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">v-2-2</date>
|
||
; leg II: femur d-1; tibia pv-2-2-2-2-2; metatarsus
|
||
<date box="[272,333,1428,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">v-2-2</date>
|
||
; leg IV femur d-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Prosoma anteriorly narrowed, widest between coxae II, in profile highest just in front of deep, longitudinal fovea. Carapace brown, with black fovea and dark brown pattern; integument finely punctated. Sternum convex, yellowish brown. Legs yellowish, except femora I & II dark brown. Femora I & II enlarged. Metatarsi III & IV apically with preening brush. Eye subequal in size, circular, clear, except AME dark, encircled with black ring; AER straight; PER slightly recurved, wider than AER. Opisthosoma ovoid; dorsum dark grey, posteriorly with three pale transverse median chevrons; dorsal scutum coriaceous, rectangular, its anterior margin narrower than posterior one, occupying approximately 1/3 opisthosomal length; venter pale, without pattern.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[151,772,250,2004]" lastBlockId="2.[822,1444,250,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[272,326,1979,2002]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
a −c). Femur medially with deep, semicircular excavation. Patella provided with triangular, sharply pointed retrolateral apophysis. Tibia more or less cylindrical in ventral view, slightly excavated medially in lateral view; RTA absent; proximal tibial apophysis (PTA) digitiform, apically rounded, directed anteriad; distal tibial apophysis (DTA) cylindrical, apex elongated, sharply pointed, directed dorsad. Tegulum elongateovoid, subapically with slightly elevated triangular, medially situated hump. Sperm duct thin, encircling tegulum, forming two loops. Tegular apophysis lanceolated, hyaline, semi-transparent, originating subapically, apex reaching half length of embolus. Embolus situated apically, sigmoid-shaped in ventral view, heavily sclerotized, with hook-shaped subterminal extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1444,250,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[971,1070,802,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
): total length 2.42; prosoma 1.10 long, 0.94 wide; opisthosoma 1.32 long, 1.12 wide. Leg formula 4123. Leg measurements. I 3.51 (0.94, 1.36, 0.72, 0.47), II 3.15 (0.88, 1.15, 0.64, 0.48), III 2.46 (0.68, 0.72, 0.56, 0.48), IV 4.08 (1.04, 1.57, 0.84, 0.62). Spination. Leg I: femur pr-1, tibia
|
||
<date box="[1261,1321,986,1010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">v-2-2</date>
|
||
-2-2-2-2-2, metatarsus
|
||
<date box="[947,1008,1023,1047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">v-2-2</date>
|
||
; leg II: femur d-1; tibia pv-2-2-2-2-2; metatarsus
|
||
<date box="[943,1003,1060,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">v-2-2</date>
|
||
-2; leg IV femur d-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1444,250,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Coloration and pattern. General appearance as in male but PME smallest; legs brown, distal part distinctly paler than proximal part, almost yellow; opisthosoma pale, lacking distinctive pattern; dorsal scutum absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1444,250,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[993,1050,1243,1266]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
d,e). Epigynal region with shallow lateral depressions obliquely situated; posterior margin excavated and provided with triangular median extension. Internal genitalia represented by simple duct system consisting of tubular ducts running mid-longitudinally, posterior part extending laterally to form simple coils and terminally enlarged spermathecae. Fertilization ducts acuminated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1444,250,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Natural history:
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1063,1128,1539,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1176,1333,1537,1561]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1176,1333,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. tridenticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1346,1437,1539,1562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were collected by sifting decomposed organic litter in primary evergreen forests (300−1 0 0 0 m).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1444,250,1673]" box="[875,1408,1648,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Distribution: Indonesia (West Sumatra Province).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,998,1702,1730]" box="[822,998,1702,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[822,998,1702,1730]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,998,1702,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">3 Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1437,1758,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[994,1111,1758,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[994,1111,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">Sudharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally established for two liocranid spiders confined to humid, primary evergreen forests of Sumatra. The genus currently includes 3 species:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1060,1167,1869,1893]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beroni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1060,1167,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. beroni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1190,1337,1870,1893]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pongorum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1190,1337,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. pongorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">S. tridenticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[974,1078,1907,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All species occur in the mountainous regions of West Sumatra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[822,1437,1758,2002]" lastBlockId="3.[822,1436,250,421]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="2" pageNumber="189">
|
||
Of interest is the modification of the proximal and distal apophyses on the retrolateral side of the male palpal tibia, in addition to the possession of a patellar apophysis and a deep retrolateral excavation of femora. These apophyses are rather long, and enlarged (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[682,739,360,383]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="1.[512,547,1903,1924]" captionTargetBox="[428,1160,865,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[428,1160,865,1875]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1 The illustrations of Sudharmia tridenticula sp. nov. a-c) male holotype; d-e) female paratype; a) left male palp, prolateral; b) ditto, retrolateral; c) ditto, ventral (slightly tilt); d) epigyne, ventral; e) internal genitalia, dorsal" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/574641/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Fig.1</figureCitation>
|
||
c), and it is reasonable to assume that they perform some clasping function during mating. Males with these modified apophyses (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[401,562,470,494]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridenticula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,562,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">S. tridenticula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[580,674,472,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pongorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">S. pongorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) also have some forms of modification on their femora, usually represented by an elevated ridge or a depression on the ventro-distal surface. These palpal modifications bear close resemblance to the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[822,909,286,309]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[822,909,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Otacilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1156,1273,286,309]" class="Arachnida" family="Liocranidae" genus="Sudharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1156,1273,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Sudharmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished by the enormously enlarged embolus, while the embolus is generally represented by a small, spiniform sclerite in those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1136,1223,397,420]" class="Arachnida" family="Corinnidae" genus="Otacilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1136,1223,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="190">Otacilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |