346 lines
42 KiB
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346 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5795" ID-GBIF-Dataset="585062ac-d889-4a35-b3f0-4f5e76cea648" ID-PMC="PMC3800836" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-333-93" ID-PubMed="24146562" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-333-93" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 333" ModsDocTitle="Three new species of Oreophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea" checkinTime="1451246905822" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2013" docId="05CF59BA15B8C64AB1CE7DB0A8E5DF3D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 333: 93-121" docOrigin="ZooKeys 333" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5795" docTitle="Oreophryne cameroni Kraus, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="EA22FFA59C46657EFFD7FC23B85DE121" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Oreophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668156488411" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new species of Oreophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>333</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>93</mods:start>
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<mods:end>121</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5795</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5795</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-333-93</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152047853" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F75551A-847F-41C0-A6A1-7ACBA408B37E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/05CF59BA15B8C64AB1CE7DB0A8E5DF3D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2F75551A-847F-41C0-A6A1-7ACBA408B37E" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2A, B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
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BPBM 34677 (field tag FK 13704), adult male, collected by F. Kraus at Keki Lodge, Adelbert Mts.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.7048">4.7048°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="145.4042">145.4042°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 850 m, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 1 October 2009.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Paratypes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
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(n = 3). BPBM 34678, same data as holotype, except collected 4 October 2009; BPBM 22689, Siruohu, ~3 km SSE Mt. Sapau summit, Torricelli Mts.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.3908">3.3908°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="142.5297">142.5297°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 550-700 m, West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea; AMNH 78139, Mt. Nibo, 19 km NE Lumi, 700-1550 m, West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all congeners by its unique combination of small size (adult male SV = 19.5-20.4 mm); cartilaginous connection between the scapula and procoracoid; basal toe webbing; fifth toe longer than third; leg moderately long (TL/SV = 0.49-0.51); snout slightly shorter than broad (EN/IN = 0.94-0.95, IN/SV = 0.097-0.103); head relatively broad (HW/SV = 0.37-0.42); finger discs relatively narrow (3rdF/SV = 0.048-0.068); dorsum brown with scattered pustules, white flecks, and darker lateral blotches; venter heavily stippled with brown; dark-brown subocular blotch; dark-brown iris; and call a series of short peeps delivered at a rate of 2.8-2.9 notes/s with a dominant frequency of around 2900 Hz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" type="comparisons with other species">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Comparisons with other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
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The new species differs from all other Papuan
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="96" start="start">Oreophryne</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne waira" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waira">Oreophryne waira</taxonomicName>
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in its unique combination of having a cartilaginous connection between the scapula and procoracoid and basal webbing between the toes. It is easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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by its much smaller size (SV = 19.5-20.4 mm vs. 43-47 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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), longer leg (TL/SV = 0.49-0.51 vs. 0.42-0.44 in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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), broader head (HW/SV = 0.37-0.42 vs. 0.34-0.35 in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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), broader snout (EN/IN = 0.94-0.95 vs. 0.87-0.91 in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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, IN/SV = 0.097-0.103 vs. 0.076-0.081 in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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), and narrower finger discs (3rdF/SV = 0.048-0.068 vs. 0.077-0.091 in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne idenburghensis" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="idenburghensis">Oreophryne idenburghensis</taxonomicName>
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). It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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in its brown dorsal color with scattered white flecks (lime green, without flecks in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), dark-gray ventral coloration (pale translucent gray in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), dark-brown subocular blotch (absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), dark-brown iris (coppery brown around pupil and yellowish distally from pupil in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), absence of yellow inguinal and axillary blotches (present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), absence of conspicuous green bar between eyes (present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), absence of a white ring around eye (present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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), and call a series of peeps delivered at a rate of 2.8-2.9 notes/s (call a rattle delivered at a rate of 26-28 notes/s in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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) and with each note of 71-134 ms duration (each note of approximately 12 ms duration in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne oviprotector" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oviprotector">Oreophryne oviprotector</taxonomicName>
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). From
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne waira" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waira">Oreophryne waira</taxonomicName>
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, the new species differs in having the fifth toe longer than the third (subequal in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne waira" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waira">Oreophryne waira</taxonomicName>
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), longer leg (TL/SV = 0.49-0.51 vs. 0.43-0.46 in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne waira" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waira">Oreophryne waira</taxonomicName>
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), and call a series of peeps of around 2900 Hz and delivered at a rate of 2.8-2.9 notes/s (call a rattle of around 3600 Hz and delivered at a rate of 15-19 notes/s in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne waira" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="waira">Oreophryne waira</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="description of holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
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An adult male with an incision on right side and left pectoral region dissected. Procoracoid is connected to the scapula by a cartilaginous rod. Head wide (HW/SV = 0.42), with steep, almost vertical loreal region; upper lip inflated. Canthus rostralis rounded, straight when viewed from above (Fig. 1A). Nostrils directed laterally, much closer to tip of snout than to eyes. Internarial distance slightly wider than distance from naris to eye (EN/IN = 0.95, IN/SV = 0.101, EN/SV = 0.096). Snout slightly rounded when viewed from the side (Fig. 1B), shallowly angulate when viewed from above (Fig. 1A). Eyes moderately large (EY/SV = 0.14); eyelid
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="97" start="start">approximately</pageBreakToken>
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two-thirds width of interorbital distance. Tympanum small (TY/SV = 0.045), but with a distinct annulus. Skin smooth above and below, except abdomen granular. Supratympanic fold absent. Fingers unwebbed, bearing discs with terminal grooves; relative lengths 3>4>2>1 (Fig. 1C). Finger discs approximately twice width of penultimate phalanges (3rdF/SV = 0.066). Subarticular tubercles low but distinct; inner metacarpal tubercle large, low, oval; outer not apparent. Toes with basal webbing between T2-T5, but absent between T1 and T2; bearing discs with terminal grooves; relative lengths 4>5>3>2>1 (Fig. 1D). Toe discs smaller than those of fingers (4thT/SV = 0.060, 3rdF/4thT = 1.10), somewhat less than twice width of penultimate phalanges. Subarticular tubercles low but distinct; inner metatarsal tubercle a narrow oval; outer not apparent. Hind legs moderately long (TL/SV = 0.51).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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Figure 1. A Top of head B side of head C palmar view of left hand, and D plantar view of left foot of holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (BPBM 34677). Scale bar = 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">In preservative, dorsum dark tan, with a dark-brown smudge between the shoulders, flecked with dark brown dorsally and with a series of darker and larger dashes dorsolaterally extending from behind eye to mid-body. Ground color paler tan on snout and sides; pale region on snout sharply demarcated from darker body color along a front extending between eyes (Fig. 1A). Face pale tan, darker below eye, and with elongate dark-brown blotch on canthus (Fig. 1B). Dorsal surfaces of limbs medium brown; rear of thighs with small pale-straw patch of ground color proximally, distal three-fourths uniform medium brown; front of thighs uniformly medium brown. Ventral surfaces pale straw heavily and uniformly stippled with brown punctations throughout; plantar surfaces more densely stippled with brown. A vaguely defined dark-brown blotch present on each wrist, and a dark-brown ring or blotch present on each finger and toe, each followed distally by a pale-straw blotch at the junction of the last two phalanges. Iris dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Measurements of holotype (in mm).-SV = 19.8, TL = 10.1, HW = 8.4, HL = 7.0, IN = 2.0, EN = 1.9, SN = 3.2, EY = 2.8, TY = 0.9, 3rdF = 1.30, 4thT = 1.18, mass = 0.7 g.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Mensural variation is limited (Table 1), as is to be expected from such a small sample. In life, animals have obvious scattered tubercles (Fig. 2A, B), but these become obscure in preservative. Color pattern shows somewhat more variation. The subadult male from the Torricelli Mts. (BPBM 22689) is similar to the holotype in color pattern except that the dorsum is somewhat darker brown, the brown blotch below the eye is more sharply delimited, and the venter is darker brown overall, with the brown punctations more aggregated and less uniformly dispersed than in the holotype. The second specimen from the Adelbert Mts. (BPBM 34678) is also darker dorsally and laterally than the holotype, and it has an irregular pale-straw stripe mid-dorsally that is broadened into one mid-dorsal pale-straw blotch midway along the back and another one in the sacral region. This pale stripe itself is intermittently bisected by a dark-brown vertebral line. In life, this broadening into blotches along the spine was not evident, and the bisecting brown line was continuous (Fig. 2A). The top of the snout in this specimen is also darker than that in the holotype, but the area between the eyes is pale. The venter is as seen in the holotype. The final specimen (AMNH 78139) also has a broad vertebral stripe on a dark-brown ground color; its venter too is like that seen in the holotype.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
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Figure 2. Portraits in life of A paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (BPBM 34678) from Keki Lodge, Adelbert Mts., 850 m elevation B paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (BPBM 22689) from Torricelli Mts., 550 m elevation C paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne parkopanorum" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkopanorum">Oreophryne parkopanorum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (BPBM 22788) from near summit of Mt. Sapau, Torricelli Mts., 1100-1300 m elevation; and D holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne parkopanorum" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkopanorum">Oreophryne parkopanorum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (BPBM 22789) from near summit of Mt. Sapau, Torricelli Mts., 1100-1300 m elevation E holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne gagneorum" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gagneorum">Oreophryne gagneorum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (BPBM 20542) from Rossel Island, 720 m elevation; and (F) paratype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne gagneorum" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gagneorum">Oreophryne gagneorum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (BPBM 20544) from Rossel Island, 720 m elevation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="2729012421E901AF681738FC1A47B02D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2729012421E901AF681738FC1A47B02D" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
|
Table 1. Mensural data for the type series of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. All measurements except mass are in mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<table pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">BPBM 34677</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">BPBM 34678</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">BPBM 22689</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">AMNH 78139</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="color in life">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="98" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
|
|
in life.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
|
|
In life, BPBM 34678 was mottled dark brown on a burnt-orange ground dorsally, with the front and rear of thighs the same. An orange-tan vertebral stripe was bisected by a narrow brown vertebral line, the heels were paler than the remainder of the legs, a pale dash extended posteroventrally from the corner of the eye, and white flecks were scattered thoughout the lateral surfaces (Fig. 2A). The venter was pale yellow, heavily stippled with brown, and under the legs was the same. Iris was
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="99" start="start">brown</pageBreakToken>
|
|
with a greenish cast on the upper half. The subadult animal from the Torricelli Mts. (BPBM 22689) had a paler ground color and greater contrast with the dark brown blotches (Fig. 2B). Field notes for that animal state: "Dorsum mottled tan and brown with black spots on face and sides. Venter light gray heavily flecked with black and silver-gray. Iris brown with upper edge tan."
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" type="call">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Call.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="99">I could identify perches of only two calling animals; both called from hidden locations approximately 2.5-3.5 m above ground. I was able to record two calls from the holotype. The call is a short series of relatively rapid peeps.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Recorded calls comprised series of 8 and 27 peeps emitted at a rate of 2.64-2.75 notes/s; calls ranged from 2.74-9.55 s in duration (Table 2). Each note was brief, with a mean duration of 0.088 s (range 0.071-0.134 s). The interval between notes was approximately three times longer, averaging 0.280 s and ranging from 0.241-0.389 s. The first 1-3 notes in a series were longer than the remainder; as were the first inter-note intervals. In the second call, the terminal three inter-note intervals were also longer
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="100" start="start">than</pageBreakToken>
|
|
the preceding intervals. Hence, calls begin somewhat slowly, rapidly reach a regular pace, and may also slow down as they approach termination. There was approximately twice as much variation in inter-note duration than in note duration (Table 2). Notes may have a rounded amplitude envelope or may begin at maximum volume and decrease more or less monotonically, creating either a rounded or an approximately triangular amplitude envelope (Fig. 3A). Notes lack harmonic structure, pulsing, and frequency modulation (Fig. 3C). The dominant frequency of calls varied within a very narrow window (Fig. 3B), averaging 2901 Hz and ranging from 2871-2940 Hz.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
Figure 3. A Waveform B power spectrum, and C spectrogram of 8-note call of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (BPBM 34677) recorded at Keki Lodge, Adelbert Mts., 1 October 2009, air temperature 23.0 °C.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="5E00880E3F9EB7296560D979B2E6226D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5E00880E3F9EB7296560D979B2E6226D" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
Table 2. Data for two calls from the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n., BPBM 34677, recorded 1 October 2009, air temperature 23.0 °C. Numbers for call parameters are mean
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
SD (range).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<table pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Call series</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Number of notes</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Call duration (s)</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Note duration (s)</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Inter-note duration (s)</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Repetition rate (notes/s)</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" rowspan="1">Dominant frequency (kHz)</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="100" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">The name is an honorific for my friend H. Don Cameron, professor emeritus of classical studies at University of Michigan and provider of much etymological and grammatical advice on Greek and Latin over the years.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="100" type="range">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Range.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Known from the Adelbert Mts., Madang Province, and the Torricelli Mts., West Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea at elevations of 550-850 m (Fig. 4, circles). The species will certainly be found at appropriate elevations in the intervening Prince Alexander Mts. and may, as well, occur in mountain ranges to the west.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
Figure 4. Map of eastern New Guinea showing type locality for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (filled circle), additional localities for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne cameroni" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cameroni">Oreophryne cameroni</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (open circles), type locality for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne parkopanorum" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkopanorum">Oreophryne parkopanorum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (star), and type locality for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne gagneorum" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gagneorum">Oreophryne gagneorum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (triangle). The square shows the type locality for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne kampen" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kampen">Oreophryne kampen</taxonomicName>
|
|
i, the only previous member of the genus with a cartilaginous connection between the scapula and procoracoid known to occur in Papua New Guinea outside the Central Highlands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="100" type="ecological notes">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">I collected the subadult male in primary lowland rainforest on a steep slope at 550 m elevation in the Torricelli Mts. Canopy was at approximately 30-35 m; understory was rather open and uncrowded; soil was greasy mud. I collected the two calling animals at 850 m in the Adelbert Mts. perched at night in trees approximately 2.5-3.5 m above the ground. These animals were the nearest to the ground that I heard; all others were calling from higher up in the trees. Forest at this site was a clearing edge in remnant primary rainforest on a ridgetop with gentle slopes and rather open understory; soil was thick, sticky clay.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Mature males were 19.5-20.4 mm SV, but one male was still immature at 15.6 mm SV.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
|
|
Frogs syntopic with this species include
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Albericus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Albericus gudrunae" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gudrunae">Albericus gudrunae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Austrochaperina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrochaperina basipalmata" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="basipalmata">Austrochaperina basipalmata</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Albericus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Albericus blumi" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blumi">Albericus blumi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an undescribed
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Austrochaperina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Austrochaperina" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Austrochaperina</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callulops microtis" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">Callulops microtis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callulops personatus" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="personatus">Callulops personatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Choerophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Choerophryne proboscidea" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proboscidea">Choerophryne proboscidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callulops rostellifer" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostellifer">Callulops rostellifer</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophixalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cophixalus balbus" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balbus">Cophixalus balbus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callulops cheesmanae" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cheesmanae">Callulops cheesmanae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callulops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callulops pipilans" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pipilans">Callulops pipilans</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Copiula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copiula fistulans" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fistulans">Copiula fistulans</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Copiula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copiula tyleri" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyleri">Copiula tyleri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylarana arfaki" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arfaki">Hylarana arfaki</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylarana garritor" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garritor">Hylarana garritor</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylarana jimiensis" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jimiensis">Hylarana jimiensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylarana papua" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papua">Hylarana papua</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylarana volkerjane" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volkerjane">Hylarana volkerjane</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylophorbus macrops" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">Hylophorbus macrops</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylarana proekes" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proekes">Hylarana proekes</taxonomicName>
|
|
, two undescribed
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylophorbus" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hylophorbus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liophryne schlaginhaufeni" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schlaginhaufeni">Liophryne schlaginhaufeni</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litoria arfakiana" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arfakiana">Litoria arfakiana</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litoria genimaculata" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genimaculata">Litoria genimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litoria wollastoni" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wollastoni">Litoria wollastoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne biroi" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biroi">Oreophryne biroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Mantophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mantophryne lateralis" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateralis">Mantophryne lateralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctimystes fluviatilis" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">Nyctimystes fluviatilis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Nyctimystes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nyctimystes pulcher" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">Nyctimystes pulcher</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platymantis papuensis" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Platymantis papuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenophryne cornuta" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornuta">Sphenophryne cornuta</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina obesa" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obesa">Xenorhina obesa</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina oxycephala" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">Xenorhina oxycephala</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina tumulus" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumulus">Xenorhina tumulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="101" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="101" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="101">
|
|
In their revision of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Oreophryne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreophryne" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="101" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreophryne</taxonomicName>
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species from the northern coast of New Guinea,
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<bibRefCitation author="Zweifel, RG" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="24" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 8" title="A new species of microhylid frog, genus Oreophryne, from Papua New Guinea." url="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/2848" volume="3419" year="2003">Zweifel et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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pointed out that AMNH 78139 was problematic in its identification, not clearly fitting with the other species discussed. In assigning the specimen to this new species, that problem is resolved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |