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<treatment id="050BF541CE6CFFD2F5F7FACE112EFD8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5677131" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119396824" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5677131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:050BF541CE6CFFD2F5F7FACE112EFD8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/050BF541CE6CFFD2F5F7FACE112EFD8C" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7FACE174CFAF9" blockId="17.[151,612,1352,1379]" box="[151,612,1352,1379]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D655F33BCE6CFFD1F5F7FACE174CFAF9" bold="true" box="[151,612,1352,1379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FACE174CFAF9" authority="Gunther, 1881" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,612,1352,1379]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hemerophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FACE174CFAF9" bold="true" box="[151,612,1352,1379]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FACE14BFFAF8" bold="true" box="[151,407,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hemerophis socotrae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4C6FACF1774FAF9" author="Gunther" box="[422,604,1352,1378]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1881) Descriptions of the amphisbaenians and ophidians collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour in the Island of Socotra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (II) (30), 461 - 463, Pl. XL - XLI" type="proceedings paper" year="1881">Günther, 1881</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FA0C1738FA3B" authority="Gunther, 1881: 463" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="463" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,528,1418,1440]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FA0C146BFA3B" box="[151,323,1419,1440]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zamenis socotrae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F429FA0D1738FA3B" author="Gunther" box="[329,528,1418,1440]" page="463" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F429FA0D14F6FA3B" author="Gunther" box="[329,478,1418,1440]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1881) Descriptions of the amphisbaenians and ophidians collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour in the Island of Socotra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (II) (30), 461 - 463, Pl. XL - XLI" type="proceedings paper" year="1881">Günther, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 463
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, Pl. 41—Locus typicus: “
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6CFFD1F674FA0C164FFA3B" box="[788,871,1419,1440]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Socotra</collectingCountry>
”.
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FA2D1462FA24" box="[151,330,1450,1471]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FA2D1462FA24" box="[151,330,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zamenis socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F408FA2D1735FA24" author="Peters" box="[360,541,1449,1471]" page="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F408FA2D14DFFA24" author="Peters" box="[360,503,1449,1471]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Peters, W. C. H. (1882 b) Die von Herrn Dr. E. Riebeck auf Socotra gesammelten Reptilien. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1882, 42 - 46." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">Peters, 1882b</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7FA4E17A5FA46" blockId="17.[151,885,1418,1717]" box="[151,653,1480,1502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ADB26379CE6CFFD1F5F7FA4E17A5FA46" box="[151,653,1480,1502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FA4E1462FA45" box="[151,330,1480,1502]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sokotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FA4E1462FA45" box="[151,330,1480,1502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Zamenis sokotrae</emphasis>
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[sic].—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F4F6FA4F17A0FA46" author="Steindachner" box="[406,648,1480,1502]" page="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4F6FA4F174BFA46" author="Steindachner" box="[406,611,1480,1502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Steindachner, F. (1903) Batrachier und Reptilien aus Sudarabien und Sokotra, gesammelt wahrend der sudarabische Expedition der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschften, Mat. - Naturw. kl., Wien, 112 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="1903">Steindachner, 1903</bibRefCitation>
: 14
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7FA60173DFA67" blockId="17.[151,885,1418,1717]" box="[151,533,1510,1533]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ADB26379CE6CFFD1F5F7FA60173DFA67" box="[151,533,1510,1533]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FA60146FFA66" box="[151,327,1511,1533]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FA60146FFA66" box="[151,327,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coluber socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F405FA611738FA67" author="Parker" box="[357,528,1510,1532]" page="44" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F405FA6114C3FA67" author="Parker" box="[357,491,1510,1532]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Parker, H. W. (1949) The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra Islands. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 115 pp." type="book" year="1949">Parker, 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7F98217A7F9A2" blockId="17.[151,885,1418,1717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ADB26379CE6CFFD1F5F7F98217A7F9A2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7F9821477F980" box="[151,351,1541,1563]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotranus">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7F9821477F980" box="[151,351,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coluber socotranus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic].—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F4CEF982175DF980" author="Balletto" box="[430,629,1541,1563]" page="212" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4CEF982176DF980" author="Balletto" box="[430,581,1541,1563]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Balletto, E. (1968) Contributo alla biogeografia della Somalia. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universita di Genova, 36, 191 - 280." type="journal article" year="1968">Balletto, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 212
</treatmentCitation>
(lapsus calami).
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7F9A3146FF9A1" box="[151,327,1572,1594]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7F9A3146FF9A1" box="[151,327,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coluber socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F405F9A417A3F9A2" author="Schatti" box="[357,651,1571,1593]" page="399" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F405F9A41770F9A2" author="Schatti" box="[357,600,1571,1593]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Wilson, L. D. (1986) Coluber Linnaeus - Holarctic Racers. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 399, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1986">Schätti &amp; Wilson, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 399
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7F9C5173EF9C3" blockId="17.[151,885,1418,1717]" box="[151,534,1602,1624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ADB26379CE6CFFD1F5F7F9C5173EF9C3" box="[151,534,1602,1624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7F9C5146FF9C3" box="[151,327,1602,1624]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7F9C5146FF9C3" box="[151,327,1602,1624]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coluber socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F405F9C4173AF9C3" author="Joger" box="[357,530,1603,1624]" page="343" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F405F9C414F7F9C3" author="Joger" box="[357,479,1603,1624]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Joger, U. (2000) The reptile fauna of the Socotra Archipelago. In: Rheinwald, G. (Ed.), Isolated vertebrate communities in the tropics. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 46, 337 - 356." type="journal article" year="2000">Joger, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 343
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7F9E6171EF9EC" blockId="17.[151,885,1418,1717]" box="[151,566,1633,1655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ADB26379CE6CFFD1F5F7F9E6171EF9EC" box="[151,566,1633,1655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7F9E6144FF9EC" box="[151,359,1633,1655]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7F9E615C2F9EC" box="[151,234,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coluber</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F470F9E5144FF9EC" box="[272,359,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F4E6F9E5171AF9EC" author="Joger" box="[390,562,1634,1655]" page="343" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4E6F9E514D7F9EC" author="Joger" box="[390,511,1634,1655]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Joger, U. (2000) The reptile fauna of the Socotra Archipelago. In: Rheinwald, G. (Ed.), Isolated vertebrate communities in the tropics. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 46, 337 - 356." type="journal article" year="2000">Joger, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 343
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7F907160AF92F" blockId="17.[151,885,1418,1717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ADB26379CE6CFFD1F5F7F907160AF92F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7F907145EF90D" box="[151,374,1664,1686]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7F907145AF90D" box="[151,370,1664,1686]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hemerophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">Hemerophis socotrae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F4EFF9071783F90D" author="Schatti" box="[399,683,1664,1686]" page="926" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4EFF9071750F90E" author="Schatti" box="[399,632,1664,1686]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Utiger, U. (2001) Hemerophis, a new genus for Zamenis socotrae Gunther, and a contribution to the phylogeny of Old World racers, whip snakes, and related genera (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 919 - 948." type="journal article" year="2001">Schätti &amp; Utiger, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 926
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7F918145EF92E" box="[151,374,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7F918145AF92E" box="[151,370,1695,1717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hemerophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">Hemerophis socotrae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F4EFF9191799F92F" author="Rosler" box="[399,689,1694,1716]" page="528" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4EFF9191757F92F" author="Rosler" box="[399,639,1694,1716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosler, H. &amp; Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 505 - 534." type="journal article" year="2004">Rösler &amp; Wranik, 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 528
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 4243.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7F95B15DCF8A7" blockId="17.[151,1436,1756,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
This snake is known from several localities spread over the whole of
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6CFFD1F6FFF95B16DCF96F" box="[927,1012,1756,1780]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Island, from sea level to about
<quantity id="4A5AE9B2CE6CFFD1F035F95B10B4F96F" box="[1365,1436,1756,1780]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
at Dihaal Pass in upper Wadi Qishn (
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F751F9781659F88C" author="Schatti" box="[561,881,1791,1815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Desvoignes, A. (1999) The herpetofauna of Southern Yemen and the Sokotra Archipelago. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis IV, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 178 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schätti &amp; Desvoignes, 1999</bibRefCitation>
); it is also known from “the Brothers” (Darsa and Samha).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A7F8C01079F81F" blockId="17.[151,1436,1756,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A7F8C01402F8FB" bold="true" box="[199,298,1863,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat.</emphasis>
We observed the species in sparse shrublands (
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F65DF8CE11D9F8FB" box="[829,1265,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F65DF8CE1139F8FB" ID-CoL="62YMP" authority="Suaeda" authorityName="Suaeda" box="[829,1041,1864,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plumbaginaceae" genus="Limonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Limonium, Suaeda</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F17DF8CF11D9F8FB" ID-CoL="8VWKB" authority="Euphorbia" authorityName="Euphorbia" box="[1053,1265,1864,1888]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Croton, Euphorbia</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
), on sandy and stony ground, inside the sinkhole near Gubbah, from near sea level up to
<quantity id="4A5AE9B2CE6CFFD1F6ABF8EB113AF81F" box="[971,1042,1900,1924]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.959999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="696.0">696 m</quantity>
a.s.l in the Maalah Plateau.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A5F80815C9F86B" blockId="17.[151,1436,1756,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A5F8081446F833" bold="true" box="[197,366,1935,1960]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Original data.</emphasis>
Fig. 32.
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6CFFD1F4B5F8081702F83C" box="[469,554,1935,1959]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Island: NE Coast, Homhil, Qa'arah area, Qabheten area, Shu'ab area, Ma'alah plateau, Ghubbah area, Mori West, Terr Ditrur, Mouri plain, Hadiboh plain, Di Lishah area. Darsa Island (shedded skins).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6FFFD2F5A5FF1011ABFF4F" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F5A5FF101483FF2B" bold="true" box="[197,427,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bibliographic data.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F4D2FF1017B0FF34" author="Steindachner" box="[434,664,151,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Steindachner, F. (1903) Batrachier und Reptilien aus Sudarabien und Sokotra, gesammelt wahrend der sudarabische Expedition der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschften, Mat. - Naturw. kl., Wien, 112 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="1903">Steindachner (1903)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F7C4FF101669FF34" author="Parker" box="[676,833,151,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Parker, H. W. (1949) The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra Islands. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 115 pp." type="book" year="1949">Parker (1949)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F62DFF101157FF34" author="Corkill" box="[845,1151,151,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Corkill, N. L. &amp; Cochrane, J. A. (1966) The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 62 (1965), 475 - 506." type="journal article" year="1966">Corkill &amp; Cochrane (1966)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F1ECFF101015FF34" author="Showler" box="[1164,1341,151,175]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Showler, D. A. (1994) Reptiles of the island of Sokotra, Republic of Yemen. British Herpetological Society Bulletin, 48, 7 - 12." type="journal article" year="1994">Showler (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F029FF1015DAFF4F" author="Wranik" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Wranik, W. (1998 b) Contributions to the herpetology of the Republic of Yemen. 4. Sokotra Island and southern Yemen mainland. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 21,163 - 179." type="book chapter" year="1998" yearSuffix="b">Wranik (1998b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F59DFF3B176DFF4F" author="Schatti" box="[253,581,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Desvoignes, A. (1999) The herpetofauna of Southern Yemen and the Sokotra Archipelago. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis IV, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 178 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schätti &amp; Desvoignes (1999)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F731FF3B1676FF4F" author="Schatti" box="[593,862,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Utiger, U. (2001) Hemerophis, a new genus for Zamenis socotrae Gunther, and a contribution to the phylogeny of Old World racers, whip snakes, and related genera (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 919 - 948." type="journal article" year="2001">Schätti &amp; Utiger (2001)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F60AFF3B1157FF4F" author="Rosler" box="[874,1151,188,212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Rosler, H. &amp; Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 505 - 534." type="journal article" year="2004">Rösler &amp; Wranik (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6FFFD2F5A5FF581029FF6C" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,535]" box="[197,1281,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F5A5FF5814E9FF63" bold="true" box="[197,449,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">General distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to the Socotran Archipelago: Samha, Darsa and
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6FFFD2F12EFF58118CFF6C" box="[1102,1188,223,247]" name="Yemen" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Islands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5B817DCCE6FFFD2F5A5FE83112EFD8C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6FFFD2F5A5FE8317ABFE54" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F5A5FE831411FE87" bold="true" box="[197,313,260,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species, originally described as
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6FFFD2F7BFFE82168DFE87" box="[735,933,261,284]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F7BFFE82168DFE87" box="[735,933,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Zamenis socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was assigned by
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F112FE831057FE87" author="Schatti" box="[1138,1407,260,284]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Utiger, U. (2001) Hemerophis, a new genus for Zamenis socotrae Gunther, and a contribution to the phylogeny of Old World racers, whip snakes, and related genera (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 919 - 948." type="journal article" year="2001">Schätti &amp; Utiger (2001)</bibRefCitation>
to the new monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6FFFD2F4A2FEAF1762FEDB" box="[450,586,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hemerophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F4A2FEAF1762FEDB" box="[450,586,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Hemerophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of morphology and mitochondrial gene sequences. According to these authors the species “
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F4B8FECB148BFE13" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">branched off from a hypotetical ancestral stock prior to the radiation leading to recent Old World racer genera</emphasis>
” and “
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F491FEF71610FE13" box="[497,824,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">there is reason to believe that</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6FFFD2F65FFEF71696FE1C" box="[831,958,368,391]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">H. socotrae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F6A4FEF6171CFE37" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
is phylogenetically closest to Afrotropical, and possibily
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6FFFD2F45BFE131483FE37" box="[315,427,404,428]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
, colubrids”
</emphasis>
. These results have been confirmed by subsequent studies by
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F077FE1215F3FE54" author="Nagy" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Nagy, Z. T., Joger, H., Wink, M., Glaw, F. &amp; Vences, M. (2003) Multiple colonization of Madagascar and Socotra by colubrid snakes: evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, ser. B, 270, 2613 - 2621." type="journal article" year="2003">
Nagy
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F03FFE1210BDFE37" box="[1375,1429,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (2003
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F586FE301408FE54" author="Nagy" box="[230,288,439,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Nagy, Z. T., Lawson, R., Joger, U. &amp; Wink, M. (2004) Molecular systematics of racers, whipsnakes and relatives (Reptilia: Colubridae) using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 42, 223 - 233" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6FFFD2F43EFE301756FE54" author="Schatti" box="[350,638,439,463]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Monsch, P. (2004) Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of Whip snakes (Hierophis Fitzinger) and Zamenis andreana Werner, 1917 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubrinae), Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111 (2), 239 - 256." type="journal article" year="2004">Schätti &amp; Monsch (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6FFFD2F5A5FE5B112EFD8C" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Probably
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6FFFD2F451FE5A149CFE6F" box="[305,436,477,500]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Zamenis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socotrae">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6FFFD2F451FE5A149CFE6F" box="[305,436,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. socotrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to an ancient lineage of Gondwanan elements now extinct in the continents, and surviving only in remote and isolated islands such as
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6FFFD2F78DFE78166AFD8C" box="[749,834,511,535]" name="Yemen" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Socotra</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6FFFD2F619FE78112BFD8C" box="[889,1027,511,535]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>