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<mods:title id="CE668B058CD5BBB2819CF07B7A7B6608">Annotated checklist and distribution of the Socotran Archipelago Herpetofauna (Reptilia)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FE5B1731FE6E" authority="Gunther, 1881" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,537,475,502]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Ditypophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FE5B1731FE6E" bold="true" box="[151,537,475,502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FE5B1477FE6D" bold="true" box="[151,351,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ditypophis vivax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F407FE5C1731FE6E" author="Gunther" box="[359,537,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1881) Descriptions of the amphisbaenians and ophidians collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour in the Island of Socotra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (II) (30), 461 - 463, Pl. XL - XLI" type="proceedings paper" year="1881">Günther, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FDA51724FDA3" authority="Gunther, 1881: 462" authorityName="Gunther" authorityPageNumber="462" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,524,546,568]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Ditypophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FDA51469FDA3" box="[151,321,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ditypophis vivax</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F428FDA51724FDA3" author="Gunther" box="[328,524,546,568]" page="462" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1881">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F428FDA514F4FDA3" author="Gunther" box="[328,476,546,568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1881) Descriptions of the amphisbaenians and ophidians collected by Prof. I. Bayley Balfour in the Island of Socotra. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 (II) (30), 461 - 463, Pl. XL - XLI" type="proceedings paper" year="1881">Günther, 1881</bibRefCitation>
: 462
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—Locus typicus: “
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”.
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FDC61469FDCC" box="[151,321,577,599]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Ditypophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FDC61469FDCC" box="[151,321,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ditypophis vivax</emphasis>
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="0C036246CE6CFFD1F400FDC5173CFDCC" author="Peters" box="[352,532,577,599]" page="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1882">
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F400FDC514C6FDCC" author="Peters" box="[352,494,577,599]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Peters, W. C. H. (1882 b) Die von Herrn Dr. E. Riebeck auf Socotra gesammelten Reptilien. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1882, 42 - 46." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="b">Peters, 1882b</bibRefCitation>
: 46
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FDE71424FDED" box="[151,268,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Didypophis</emphasis>
[sic] [
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<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F42DFDE614AAFDED" box="[333,386,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">vivax</emphasis>
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].—
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4C7FDE717E3FDEE" author="Dowling" box="[423,715,608,630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Dowling, H. G. &amp; Duellman, W. E. (1978) Systematic herpetology: a synopsis of families and higher categories. Hiss Publications, New York (7), 240 pp." type="book" year="1978">Dowling &amp; Duellman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 112b.l.
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F5F7FDF81469FD0E" box="[151,321,639,661]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Ditypophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5F7FDF81469FD0E" box="[151,321,639,661]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ditypophis vivax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F43FFDF91748FD0F" author="Leviton" box="[351,608,638,660]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Leviton, A. E., Aldrich, M. L. (1984) Herpetology of Arabia. In: Anderson, J. (1896) A contribution to the herpetology of Arabia. Society for the Study if Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxfors (Ohio), pp. 5 - 35." type="journal article" year="1984">Leviton &amp; Aldrich, 1984</bibRefCitation>
: XXIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5F7FD461711FC16" blockId="17.[151,1436,705,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
This species is regarded as a nocturnal species (
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F7D1FD461697FD42" author="Rosler" box="[689,959,705,729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosler, H. &amp; Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 505 - 534." type="journal article" year="2004">Rösler &amp; Wranik, 2004</bibRefCitation>
), and our data agree with this reference as active individuals were found only during nocturnal transects. Inactive specimens were recorded during day, resting under stones.
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F400FC8E1736FCBA" box="[352,542,777,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Ditypophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivax">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F400FC8E1736FCBA" box="[352,542,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ditypophis vivax</emphasis>
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is not
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F70DFC8E1101FCBA" box="[621,1065,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">“confined to the mountainous regions”</emphasis>
as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F1BAFC8E15C9FCDE" author="Rosler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosler, H. &amp; Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 505 - 534." type="journal article" year="2004">Rösler &amp; Wranik (2004)</bibRefCitation>
as we collected it also in several localities at low altitude including Temedeh (
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a.s.l.) along North-Eastern coast and Wadi Di Faar North of Mahfirhin (
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a.s.l.) in Eastern Noged; our highest altitude record is Wadi Zeriq (
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) in the Diksam Plateau.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A5FC1E1470FC4E" blockId="17.[151,1436,705,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A5FC1E1400FC29" bold="true" box="[197,296,921,946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat.</emphasis>
We observed the species in sparse
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F7DDFC1D1623FC2A" ID-CoL="8VWKB" box="[701,779,922,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Croton" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F7DDFC1D1623FC2A" box="[701,779,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Croton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F626FC1E1682FC2A" ID-CoL="8VYKR" box="[838,938,921,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Jatropha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F626FC1E1682FC2A" box="[838,938,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Jatropha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bushlands, stone walls in date palm groves and stony slopes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A5FC661682FB86" blockId="17.[151,1436,705,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A5FC661444FC61" bold="true" box="[197,364,993,1018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Original data.</emphasis>
Fig. 31. NE Coast, Homhil, Momi plateau, E Noged, Firmihin, Dheroh, SW Diksam, Plateau W of Qabhete, Ma'alah plateau, Qalansiyah, Ghubbah area, Wadi Ayhaft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A5FBAE162BFBFE" blockId="17.[151,1436,705,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A5FBAE1485FBD9" bold="true" box="[197,429,1065,1090]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bibliographic data.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F4D5FBAE1757FBDA" author="Boulenger" box="[437,639,1065,1089]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1903) Reptiles. In: Forbes, H. O. (Ed.) The natural history of Sokotra and Abd-el-Kuri. Liverpool- the free public Museum Henry Young &amp; Sons publ., London, pp. 75 - 104; pl. VIII - XI." type="book chapter" year="1903">Boulenger (1903)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F7EDFBAE165CFBDA" author="Steindachner" box="[653,884,1065,1089]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Steindachner, F. (1903) Batrachier und Reptilien aus Sudarabien und Sokotra, gesammelt wahrend der sudarabische Expedition der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschften, Mat. - Naturw. kl., Wien, 112 7 - 14." type="journal article" year="1903">Steindachner (1903)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F6E2FBAE1109FBDA" author="Parker" box="[898,1057,1065,1089]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Parker, H. W. (1949) The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra Islands. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 115 pp." type="book" year="1949">Parker (1949)</bibRefCitation>
, Corkill (1962),
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F181FBAE10BFFBDA" author="Wranik" box="[1249,1431,1065,1089]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Wranik, W. (1998 b) Contributions to the herpetology of the Republic of Yemen. 4. Sokotra Island and southern Yemen mainland. Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 21,163 - 179." type="book chapter" year="1998" yearSuffix="b">Wranik (1998b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F5F7FBCA14F7FBFE" author="Schatti" box="[151,479,1101,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Schatti, B. &amp; Desvoignes, A. (1999) The herpetofauna of Southern Yemen and the Sokotra Archipelago. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis IV, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 178 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schätti &amp; Desvoignes (1999)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F48BFBCA17D7FBFE" author="Rosler" box="[491,767,1101,1125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosler, H. &amp; Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 505 - 534." type="journal article" year="2004">Rösler &amp; Wranik (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A5FBF617DFFB12" blockId="17.[151,1436,705,1269]" box="[197,759,1137,1162]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A5FBF614E9FB11" bold="true" box="[197,449,1137,1162]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">General distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F5B504C7CE6CFFD1F72FFBF6178CFB12" box="[591,676,1137,1161]" name="Yemen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Socotra</collectingCountry>
Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C5B817DCCE6CFFD1F5A5FB121196FB6E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8D1D4457CE6CFFD1F5A5FB121196FB6E" blockId="17.[151,1436,705,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F5A5FB121411FB36" bold="true" box="[197,313,1173,1197]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
A drawing of the maxilla is available in
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F661FB1216B6FB36" author="Parker" box="[769,926,1173,1197]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Parker, H. W. (1949) The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra Islands. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 115 pp." type="book" year="1949">Parker (1949)</bibRefCitation>
, while a representation the hemipenis is present in
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F5BCFB3E14C7FB4A" author="Rosler" box="[220,495,1209,1233]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosler, H. &amp; Wranik, W. (2004) A key and annotated checklist to the reptiles of the Socotra Archipelago. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 20, 505 - 534." type="journal article" year="2004">Rösler &amp; Wranik (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. The molecular investigations by
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F607FB3D111BFB4A" box="[871,1075,1209,1234]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Nagy, Z. T., Joger, H., Wink, M., Glaw, F. &amp; Vences, M. (2003) Multiple colonization of Madagascar and Socotra by colubrid snakes: evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, ser. B, 270, 2613 - 2621." type="journal article">
Nagy
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F6CAFB3D16C9FB4A" box="[938,993,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
allocated
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F1C5FB3E1008FB4A" box="[1189,1312,1209,1233]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Ditypophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F1C5FB3E1008FB4A" box="[1189,1312,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ditypophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F587FB5A14E7FB6E" box="[231,463,1245,1269]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudoxyrhophiinae">Pseudoxyrhophiinae</taxonomicName>
, later included by
<bibRefCitation id="E93339A6CE6CFFD1F7FDFB5A1647FB6E" box="[669,879,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Zaher, H., Gobbi Grazziotin F., Cadle J. E., Murphy R. W., de Moura-Leite J. C. &amp; Bonatto S. L., (2009) Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. - Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 49 (11), 115 - 153." type="journal article">
Zaher
<emphasis id="BFD69845CE6CFFD1F785FB591635FB6E" box="[741,797,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
in the family
<taxonomicName id="4AA23FD4CE6CFFD1F16BFB5A1192FB6E" box="[1035,1210,1245,1269]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lamprophiidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>