treatments-xml/data/03/FF/AD/03FFAD25FFD8FFFF5483FB08AAC9F910.xml

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<mods:title id="DA0566F67FCCE2C35CCF4F2EDF8F32B1">Crinoids of the stalked family Hyocrinidae (Echinodermata) collected by the USNS Eltanin in the Southern Ocean</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FFAD25FFD8FFFF5483FB08AAC9F910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6095267" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119638569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6095267" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FFAD25FFD8FFFF5483FB08AAC9F910" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFAD25FFD8FFFF5483FB08AAC9F910" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB5483FB08A815FB52" blockId="2.[151,825,1245,1304]" box="[151,825,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<heading id="D0A1AB5FFFD8FFFB5483FB08A815FB52" bold="true" box="[151,825,1245,1271]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFD8FFFB5483FB08A815FB52" ID-CoL="8G4F5" authority="Mironov &amp; Sorokina, 1998" authorityName="Mironov &amp; Sorokina" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,825,1245,1271]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB5483FB08A815FB52" bold="true" box="[151,825,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB5483FB08AACFFB52" bold="true" box="[151,483,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Belyaevicrinus latipinnulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFD8FFFB55FFFB08A815FB52" author="Mironov" box="[491,825,1245,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" refString="Mironov, A. N. &amp; Sorokina, O. A. (1998) Sea lilies of the order Hyocrinida (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, 2, 1 - 117. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1998">Mironov &amp; Sorokina, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB5483FB2AAA87FABD" blockId="2.[151,825,1245,1304]" box="[151,427,1279,1304]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFD8FFFB5483FB2AAA31FABD" box="[151,285,1279,1304]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetBox-2="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6D42988FFD8FFFB553EFB2AAA8BFABD" box="[298,423,1279,1304]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,239,332,355]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,721,744]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,239,1014,1037]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1399,510,656]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1410,804,950]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1354,1097,1243]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus. Measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Dbb: aboral diameter of basal ring, Dc: cup diameter at distal edge of radial ring, Dm: minimum stalk diameter, Dp: proximalmost stalk diameter, Drb: cup diameter at radial / basal suture, Hc: cup height, Hr-i: radial height at interradial suture, Hr-r: radial height at axis, Htg: tegmen height (oral cone), Wb: Br 1 width, Wrb: radial proximal width, Wrt: radial distal width. All values in mm." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus. Ratios of measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Abbreviations as in Table 2. Maximum value (Hrr or Hri) used for Hr. Yellow column: Dp used as growth index." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus USNM 1005436. Measurement of stalk columnals. Columnals numbered from proximal to distal. D: maximum columnal diameter, H: columnal height. Values in mm, except H / D." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" tableUuid-0="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" tableUuid-1="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" tableUuid-2="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88">Tables 2–4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB5483FA9DAE16FAD9" blockId="2.[151,1435,1352,1405]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
Synonymy: 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFD8FFFB5506FA9DA84BFAFB" authority="Mironov &amp; Sorokina, 1998: 58" authorityName="Mironov &amp; Sorokina" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1998" box="[274,871,1352,1374]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB5506FA9DA90BFAFB" box="[274,551,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Belyaevicrinus latipinnulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFD8FFFB5639FA9DA868FAFB" author="Mironov" box="[557,836,1352,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" refString="Mironov, A. N. &amp; Sorokina, O. A. (1998) Sea lilies of the order Hyocrinida (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, 2, 1 - 117. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1998">Mironov &amp; Sorokina, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 58
</taxonomicName>
–61, fig. 23, pl. 9 (figs. 2–6) and 11 (fig. 3); Roux 
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB5177FA9CAEBAFAFB" box="[1379,1430,1352,1374]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002: 822; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFD8FFFB552EFAB2A905FAD9" author="Roux" box="[314,553,1382,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" refString="Roux, M. &amp; Lambert, P. (2011) Two new species of stalked crinoids from the north-eastern Pacific in the genera Gephyrocrinus and Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Effects of ontogeny and variability on hyocrinid taxonomy. Zootaxa, 2825, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2011">Roux &amp; Lambert, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 48, fig. 33–34; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFD8FFFB56DAFAB2A86EFAD9" author="Hess" box="[718,834,1382,1404]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" refString="Hess, H. (2011) Hyocrinida. In: Seldon, P. (Ed.), Ausich W. I. (coordinating author) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T (Echinodermata 2, Revised). Vol. 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 172 - 177." type="book chapter" year="2011">Hess, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: T174, fig. 85-2; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFD8FFFB57E5FAB3AFFDFAD9" author="Eleaume" box="[1009,1233,1382,1405]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" refString="Eleaume, M., Hemery, L. G., Bowden, D. A., Roux, M. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2014 a) Southern Ocean crinoids. In: De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H. J., Raymond, B., d'Acoz Udekem, C., van de Putte, A., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A. &amp; Ropert-Coudert, Y. (Eds.), Census of Antarctic Marine Life SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network. Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Chapter 5.25. Southern Ocean Crinoids. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Scott Polar Research Institute, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, pp. 2 - 6." type="book chapter" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">
Eléaume 
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB5045FABDAFA8FAD9" box="[1105,1156,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014a
</bibRefCitation>
: 210–211.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4FB8FFD8FFFB5483FA7CA930F8A3" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB5483FA7CAF1AF988" blockId="2.[151,1436,1449,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB5483FA7CAAA8FA67" bold="true" box="[151,388,1449,1474]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED4784F6FFD8FFFB5584FA7FAACDFA67" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[400,481,1450,1474]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">USNM</collectionCode>
1005436, off 
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFD8FFFB5698FA7CA9E0FA67" box="[652,716,1449,1474]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Drake Passage, S of Tierra del Fuego, 
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to 
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– 
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to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE627AF4FFD8FFFB553DFA1BAABCFA43" box="[297,400,1486,1510]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" precision="925" value="-74.71667">74°43’W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
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(
<specimenCount id="9D50D7BAFFD8FFFB5641FA1BA9FAFA43" box="[597,726,1485,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
consisting of fragmented proximal crown and stalk). 
<collectionCode id="ED4784F6FFD8FFFB515FFA1BAEB0FA43" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1355,1436,1486,1510]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">USNM</collectionCode>
1005453 (2 dissociated specimens [B &amp; C] consisting of basal rings, radials, columnals, brachials), South 
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFD8FFFB515CFA24ABC5F98B" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFD8FFFB54E0F9C0AAABF98B" authority="Ridge" authorityName="Ridge" box="[244,391,1557,1582]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFD8FFFB54E0F9C0AA16F98B" box="[244,314,1557,1582]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Ridge
</taxonomicName>
, 62°09’ to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE627AF4FFD8FFFB5616F9C0A972F98B" box="[514,606,1557,1582]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" precision="925" value="-62.266666">62°16’S</geoCoordinate>
–38°11’ to 
<geoCoordinate id="EE627AF4FFD8FFFB56C8F9C3A86FF98B" box="[732,835,1558,1582]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" precision="925" value="-38.4">38°24’W</geoCoordinate>
, depth 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFD8FFFB5787F9C0AF1DF988" box="[915,1073,1557,1582]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2575" metricValueMax="3.4589999999999996" metricValueMin="3.056" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" unit="m" value="3257.5" valueMax="3459.0" valueMin="3056.0">3056–3459 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB54D3F9ECA930F8A3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1449,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB54D3F9ECAA9AF9F7" bold="true" box="[199,438,1593,1618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Emended diagnosis.</emphasis>
Number of pinnules on each arm side&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFD8FFFB5794F9EFA896F9F7" box="[896,954,1593,1618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
largest specimens; genital expansion wide with two rows of lateral plates on one side; cover plates with long and narrow projection. Pinnule socket large and close to distal margin of brachial. Brachial synostoses flat. Tegmen with interradial fields wide but not equal in their height; oral cone as tall as or taller than anal cone. Stalk symplexies with 7–8 crenular units of 1–3 crenulae, sometimes irregular and with hieroglyphic shape, especially in proxistele. Distal stalk syzygies with thin and irregular multiradiate crenularium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4FB8FFD8FFFC54D3F8C4A93BF9B5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB54D3F8C4A83AF88F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1449,2014]" box="[199,790,1809,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB54D3F8C4AA75F88F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1809,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Description.</emphasis>
Measurements are given in 
<tableCitation id="C6D42988FFD8FFFB5680F8C4A83EF88F" box="[660,786,1809,1834]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStart-2="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,239,332,355]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,239,721,744]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,239,1014,1037]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1399,510,656]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1410,804,950]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1354,1097,1243]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="TABLE 2. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus. Measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Dbb: aboral diameter of basal ring, Dc: cup diameter at distal edge of radial ring, Dm: minimum stalk diameter, Dp: proximalmost stalk diameter, Drb: cup diameter at radial / basal suture, Hc: cup height, Hr-i: radial height at interradial suture, Hr-r: radial height at axis, Htg: tegmen height (oral cone), Wb: Br 1 width, Wrb: radial proximal width, Wrt: radial distal width. All values in mm." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus. Ratios of measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Abbreviations as in Table 2. Maximum value (Hrr or Hri) used for Hr. Yellow column: Dp used as growth index." captionText-2="TABLE 4. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus USNM 1005436. Measurement of stalk columnals. Columnals numbered from proximal to distal. D: maximum columnal diameter, H: columnal height. Values in mm, except H / D." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" tableUuid-0="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" tableUuid-1="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" tableUuid-2="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88">Tables 2–4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD8FFFB54D3F8E3AA7BF87B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1449,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD8FFFB54D3F8E3AA53F8EB" box="[199,383,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">USNM 1005436</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFD8FFFB5584F8E0AAD6F8EB" box="[400,506,1845,1870]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
): Aboral cup height 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFD8FFFB56FEF8E3A87FF8E8" box="[746,851,1846,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" unit="mm" value="11.9">11.9 mm</quantity>
; upper diameter at distal edge of radials 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFD8FFFB513AF8E0AEB4F8E8" box="[1326,1432,1845,1870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" unit="mm" value="9.25">9.25 mm</quantity>
; basal ring height 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFD8FFFB5549F88CAA9BF8D4" box="[349,439,1881,1906]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
; aboral edge of basal ring slightly flanged. About 5–6 large and convex tegminal plates per interradius; hydropores at top of small tubercles; orals 5, about half the height of the tegmen, sharp and concave (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFD8FFFB548BF874ABCFF81F" box="[159,227,1953,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A); oral cone taller than anal cone; anal cone rounded, well-differentiated, and located peripherally on tegmen (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFD8FFFB54EDF810AA19F87B" box="[249,309,1989,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Fig.1</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD9FFFA5483F900AF39F821" blockId="3.[151,1436,1748,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD9FFFA5483F900AA39F94F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1749,1771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922C021FFD9FFFA5533F901A96CF94F" box="[295,576,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Balayevicrinus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFD9FFFA55D3F901A96CF94F" box="[455,576,1748,1770]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">latipinnulus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5+6 7+8+9+10) with first pinnule (P1) on Br6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E–F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br6 distal facet with pinnule socket.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFD9FFFD54D3F864AA27FE2D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1969,2030]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
Proximal arm pattern 1+2 3+4 5+6 (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFD9FFFA5676F864A98EF86C" box="[610,674,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A), with first pinnule on Br6 (5 cases) (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFD9FFFA5073F864AF84F86C" box="[1127,1192,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C); longest preserved arm pattern distally with 7+8+9 10+11+12 13+14+15+16; two other arms with 7+8+9+10 or 7+8 9+10. Largest arm with primibrachial width 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD55FAFF4DA97BFF0A" box="[494,599,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.24" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="2.24">2.24 mm</quantity>
; length of triplet (7+8+9) 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD5790FF4DA8C1FF0A" box="[900,1005,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="3.42">3.42 mm</quantity>
; length of quadruplet (13+14+15+16) 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD5483FF69AA2CFF71" box="[151,256,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.19" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="5.19">5.19 mm</quantity>
; Br12 width 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD5583FF69A92CFF71" box="[407,512,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.36" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="1.36">1.36 mm</quantity>
; Br16 width 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD568CFF69A82CFF71" box="[664,768,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="1.29">1.29 mm</quantity>
. Smallest arm with Br1 width 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD5076FF69AFE7FF71" box="[1122,1227,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="1.76">1.76 mm</quantity>
. Ratio of radial to primibrachial width 2.7. Adoral architecture of arm multiplated with festooned cover plates in a gathered arrangement proximally (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDEFFFD55D0FED1A926FEB9" box="[452,522,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E–F). Articular facets of brachial rounded; symplexies without conspicuous boundary between inner ligament and muscular areas (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDEFFFD5706FEF2A879FEE5" box="[786,853,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G); brachial series without functional articulations united by flat synostosis (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDEFFFD55A0FE99AADEFEC1" box="[436,498,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
H); pinnule socket large, close to distal margin of brachial (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDEFFFD509EFE99AFE6FEC1" box="[1162,1226,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
Fig. 
<date id="FFE83AF3FFDEFFFD50AAFE99AFE6FEC1" box="[1214,1226,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">1</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Pinnules poorly preserved.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDEFFFD5483F901AF47F882" blockId="4.[151,1436,1748,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDEFFFD5483F901AA3EF94C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1748,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Stalk articulations in 
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDEFFFD55E4F901A82BF94F" box="[496,775,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
Balayevicrinus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDEFFFD569AF901A82BF94F" box="[654,775,1748,1770]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">latipinnulus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, specimen USNM 1005436. A–E: symplexies; A–B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F–H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDEFFFC54D3F881AADBFEB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1876,2008]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="386" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
Length of preserved stalk 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD55E5F881A97CF8C9" box="[497,592,1876,1900]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="108.0">108 mm</quantity>
with ~60 columnals; length of proxistele 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD503BF881AFA5F8C9" box="[1071,1161,1876,1901]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
, proximalmost diameter 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD5483F8A2ABC3F82A" box="[151,239,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
; other measurements given in 
<tableCitation id="C6D42988FFDEFFFD5656F8A2A9BBF835" box="[578,663,1911,1936]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1014,1037]" captionTargetBox="[156,1354,1097,1243]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 4. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus USNM 1005436. Measurement of stalk columnals. Columnals numbered from proximal to distal. D: maximum columnal diameter, H: columnal height. Values in mm, except H / D." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" tableUuid="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88">Table 4</tableCitation>
. Proxistele partly damaged, composed of alternating thick (~ 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD5128F8A2AEB8F835" box="[1340,1428,1911,1936]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
) and thin columnals, and showing trend to chaotic pattern in proximalmost part (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDEFFFD5002F849AF7AF811" box="[1046,1110,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1723]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1724]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A: fragment of theca with one proximal arm of three brachial pairs and proximalmost brachial pair of another arm (or: oral, R: upper part of broken radial, tp: tegminal plates); B: fragment of theca with the anal sac in external position; C: fragment of proximal arm (5 + 6 7 + 8 + 9 + 10) with first pinnule (P 1) on Br 6; D: proximal proxistele (B: basal ring); E – F: Isolated brachial triplet with proximalmost pinnular broken (arrow) and festooned arrangement of cover plates (cv: cover plates, lp: lateral plates); G: Distal facet of Br 4 (muscular synarthry); H: Distal facet of Br 5 (synostosis); I: oblique view of Br 6 distal facet with pinnule socket." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243050/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). Mid and distal stalk with columnals moderately barrel-shaped (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDEFFFD5652F86AA9A0F87D" box="[582,652,1983,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, G–H); ratio of columnal height to diameter up to 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDEFFFD50E6F815AE19F87D" box="[1266,1333,1983,2008]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" unit="in" value="0.8">0.8 in</quantity>
mid and distal mesistele. Symplexies slightly concave with 8 crenular units of 2 irregular crenulae in proximal part of proxistele (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5502FF69AA76FF71" box="[278,346,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–B) and 1 short regular crenula in distal proxistele and mesistele (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5075FF69AF8AFF71" box="[1121,1190,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C–E). Distal syzygies flat with thin and irregular multiradiate crenularium (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC56F9FF0AA81CFF5D" box="[749,816,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G–H), and with juvenile symplexial stage of 8 crenular units visible at center (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5581FED1AAF4FEB9" box="[405,472,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1748,1770]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1726]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Stalk articulations in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimen USNM 1005436. A – E: symplexies; A – B: in proximal proxistele; C: in distal proxistele; D: in proximal mesistele; E: in distal mesistele; F – H: syzygies in distal stalk; F: trace of juvenile symplexy at facet center of G; G: columnal from mid dististele; H: distalmost columnal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243051/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" ID-Table-UUID="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" targetBox="[159,1399,510,656]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" blockId="5.[151,1435,332,483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5483FE99AA25FEC6" bold="true" box="[151,265,332,355]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5504FE99A910FEC6" box="[272,572,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
Belayevicrinus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDFFFFC55A1FE99A914FEC6" box="[437,568,332,355]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">latipinnulus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Dbb: aboral diameter of basal ring, Dc: cup diameter at distal edge of radial ring, Dm: minimum stalk diameter, Dp: proximalmost stalk diameter, Drb: cup diameter at radial/basal suture, Hc: cup height, Hr-i: radial height at interradial suture, Hr-r: radial height at axis, Htg: tegmen height (oral cone), Wb: Br1 width, Wrb: radial proximal width, Wrt: radial distal width. All values in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC548BFE2BAE5DFD35" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<table id="F956EE93FFDF0006548BFE2BAE5BFD35" box="[159,1399,510,656]" gridcols="13" gridrows="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548BFE2BAE5BFDB1" box="[159,1399,510,532]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548BFE2BAA3DFDB1" box="[159,273,510,532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Specimen</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065542FE2BAA56FDB1" box="[342,378,510,532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Wb</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000655A7FE2BAAF3FDB1" box="[435,479,510,532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Wrb</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006561BFE2BA917FDB1" box="[527,571,510,532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Wrt</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065678FE2BA9B4FDB1" box="[620,664,510,532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hc</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000656DDFE2BA9D9FDB1" box="[713,757,510,532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hrr</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065731FE2BA87DFDB1" box="[805,849,510,532]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hri</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065796FE2BA884FDB1" box="[898,936,510,532]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Htg</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000657CBFE2BAF27FDB1" box="[991,1035,510,532]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dc</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006502FFE2BAF4FFDB1" box="[1083,1123,510,532]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Drb</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006508CFE2BAFE8FDB1" box="[1176,1220,510,532]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dbb</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000650E0FE2BAE0CFDB1" box="[1268,1312,510,532]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dp</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065145FE2BAE5BFDB1" box="[1361,1399,510,532]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dm</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548BFDFDAE5BFD9B" box="[159,1399,552,574]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548BFDFDAA3DFD9B" box="[159,273,552,574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1005453-C</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065542FDFDAA56FD9B" box="[342,378,552,574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.9</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000655A7FDFDAAF3FD9B" box="[435,479,552,574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.5</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006561BFDFDA917FD9B" box="[527,571,552,574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.8</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065678FDFDA9B4FD9B" box="[620,664,552,574]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">4.6</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000656DDFDFDA9D9FD9B" box="[713,757,552,574]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.35</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065731FDFDA87DFD9B" box="[805,849,552,574]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.95</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065796FDFDA884FD9B" box="[898,936,552,574]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000657CBFDFDAF27FD9B" box="[991,1035,552,574]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006502FFDFDAF4FFD9B" box="[1083,1123,552,574]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006508CFDFDAFE8FD9B" box="[1176,1220,552,574]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.05</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000650E0FDFDAE0CFD9B" box="[1268,1312,552,574]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.0</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065145FDFDAE5BFD9B" box="[1361,1399,552,574]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548BFD84AE5BFDC2" box="[159,1399,593,615]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548BFD84AA3DFDC2" box="[159,273,593,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1005453-B</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065542FD84AA56FDC2" box="[342,378,593,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.9</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000655A7FD84AAF3FDC2" box="[435,479,593,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.9</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006561BFD84A917FDC2" box="[527,571,593,615]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">3.6</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065678FD84A9B4FDC2" box="[620,664,593,615]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">9.5</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000656DDFD84A9D9FDC2" box="[713,757,593,615]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">4.6</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065731FD84A87DFDC2" box="[805,849,593,615]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">5.3</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065796FD84A884FDC2" box="[898,936,593,615]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000657CBFD84AF27FDC2" box="[991,1035,593,615]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006502FFD84AF4FFDC2" box="[1083,1123,593,615]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">4.4</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006508CFD84AFE8FDC2" box="[1176,1220,593,615]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.0</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000650E0FD84AE0CFDC2" box="[1268,1312,593,615]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.95</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065145FD84AE5BFDC2" box="[1361,1399,593,615]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548BFDAFAE5BFD35" box="[159,1399,634,656]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" rowspan-10="1">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548BFDAFAA3DFD35" box="[159,273,634,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1005436</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065542FDAFAA56FD35" box="[342,378,634,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.2</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000655A7FDAFAAF3FD35" box="[435,479,634,656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006561BFDAFA917FD35" box="[527,571,634,656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">4.15</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065678FDAFA9B4FD35" box="[620,664,634,656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">11.9</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000656DDFDAFA9D9FD35" box="[713,757,634,656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065731FDAFA87DFD35" box="[805,849,634,656]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">6.0</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065796FDAFA884FD35" box="[898,936,634,656]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">4.9</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000657CBFDAFAF27FD35" box="[991,1035,634,656]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">9.25</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006502FFDAFAF4FFD35" box="[1083,1123,634,656]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000650E0FDAFAE0CFD35" box="[1268,1312,634,656]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.5</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065145FDAFAE5BFD35" box="[1361,1399,634,656]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.6</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" ID-Table-UUID="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" targetBox="[154,1410,804,950]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC5483FD04AF80FCAD" blockId="5.[151,1435,721,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5483FD04AA26FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,266,721,744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5505FD04A911FD4D" box="[273,573,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
Belayevicrinus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDFFFFC55A2FD04A915FD4D" box="[438,569,721,744]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">latipinnulus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Ratios of measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Abbreviations as in Table 2. Maximum value (Hrr or Hri) used for Hr. Yellow column: Dp used as growth index.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC548EFCF1AE5AFC13" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<table id="F956EE93FFDF0006548EFCF1AEAEFC13" box="[154,1410,804,950]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548EFCF1AEAEFC9F" box="[154,1410,804,826]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548EFCF1AA21FC9F" box="[154,269,804,826]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Specimen</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065552FCF1AAABFC9F" box="[326,391,804,826]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hc/Dc</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000655A0FCF1AACCFC9F" box="[436,480,804,826]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hr/c</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006560AFCF1A945FC9F" box="[542,617,804,826]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Htg/Hc</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065683FCF1A9F3FC9F" box="[663,735,804,826]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hr/Wrt</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006571AFCF1A87DFC9F" box="[782,849,804,826]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Wrt/rb</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006576AFCF1A894FC9F" box="[894,952,804,826]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Wrt/b</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FCF1AF13FC9F" box="[1037,1087,804,826]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dc/p</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065069FCF1AFE9FC9F" box="[1149,1221,804,826]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Drb/bb</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000650E7FCF1AE00FC9F" box="[1267,1324,804,826]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dp/m</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065142FCF1AEAEFC9F" box="[1366,1410,804,826]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Dp</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548EFC98AEAEFCC6" box="[154,1410,845,867]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548EFC98AA21FCC6" box="[154,269,845,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1005453-C</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065552FC98AAABFCC6" box="[326,391,845,867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000655A0FC98AACCFCC6" box="[436,480,845,867]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.51</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006560AFC98A945FCC6" box="[542,617,845,867]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065683FC98A9F3FCC6" box="[663,735,845,867]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.31</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006571AFC98A87DFCC6" box="[782,849,845,867]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.20</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006576AFC98A894FCC6" box="[894,952,845,867]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.00</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FC98AF13FCC6" box="[1037,1087,845,867]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065069FC98AFE9FCC6" box="[1149,1221,845,867]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000650E7FC98AE00FCC6" box="[1267,1324,845,867]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065142FC98AEAEFCC6" box="[1366,1410,845,867]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548EFCA3AEAEFC29" box="[154,1410,886,908]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548EFCA3AA21FC29" box="[154,269,886,908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1005453-B</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065552FCA3AAABFC29" box="[326,391,886,908]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000655A0FCA3AACCFC29" box="[436,480,886,908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.56</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006560AFCA3A945FC29" box="[542,617,886,908]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065683FCA3A9F3FC29" box="[663,735,886,908]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.47</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006571AFCA3A87DFC29" box="[782,849,886,908]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.24</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006576AFCA3A894FC29" box="[894,952,886,908]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.89</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FCA3AF13FC29" box="[1037,1087,886,908]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065069FCA3AFE9FC29" box="[1149,1221,886,908]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.20</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000650E7FCA3AE00FC29" box="[1267,1324,886,908]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065142FCA3AEAEFC29" box="[1366,1410,886,908]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.95</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF0006548EFC75AEAEFC13" box="[154,1410,928,950]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006548EFC75AA21FC13" box="[154,269,928,950]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1005436</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065552FC75AAABFC13" box="[326,391,928,950]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.28</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000655A0FC75AACCFC13" box="[436,480,928,950]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.51</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006560AFC75A945FC13" box="[542,617,928,950]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.41</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065683FC75A9F3FC13" box="[663,735,928,950]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.45</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006571AFC75A87DFC13" box="[782,849,928,950]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006576AFC75A894FC13" box="[894,952,928,950]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.89</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FC75AF13FC13" box="[1037,1087,928,950]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">3.70</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065069FC75AFE9FC13" box="[1149,1221,928,950]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">-</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000650E7FC75AE00FC13" box="[1267,1324,928,950]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.56</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065142FC75AEAEFC13" box="[1366,1410,928,950]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" ID-Table-UUID="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" targetBox="[156,1354,1097,1243]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC5483FC23AFE8FB88" blockId="5.[151,1436,1014,1069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5483FC23AA20FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,268,1014,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5501FC23A917FBA8" box="[277,571,1014,1037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
Belayevicrinus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDFFFFC55A8FC23A917FBA8" box="[444,571,1014,1037]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">latipinnulus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
USNM 1005436. Measurement of stalk columnals. Columnals numbered from proximal to distal. D: maximum columnal diameter, H: columnal height. Values in mm, except H/D.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC5488FB9FAE66FB7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<table id="F956EE93FFDF00065488FB9CAE66FB7E" box="[156,1354,1097,1243]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<tr id="35661E71FFDF00065488FB9CAE66FBFA" box="[156,1354,1097,1119]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065488FB9CAA7CFBFA" box="[156,336,1097,1119]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">From Aboral Cup</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065617FB9CA91EFBFA" box="[515,562,1097,1119]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065694FB9CA980FBFA" box="[640,684,1097,1119]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">10</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF000656E9FB9CA805FBFA" box="[765,809,1097,1119]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">30</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065791FB9CA89DFBFA" box="[901,945,1097,1119]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">40</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FB9CAF15FBFA" box="[1037,1081,1097,1119]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">60</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065081FB9CAFEDFBFA" box="[1173,1217,1097,1119]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">80</th>
<th id="76B7770DFFDF0006510AFB9CAE66FBFA" box="[1310,1354,1097,1119]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">107</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF00065488FBA7AE66FB2D" box="[156,1354,1138,1160]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065488FBA7AA7CFB2D" box="[156,336,1138,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Diameter (D)</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065617FBA7A91EFB2D" box="[515,562,1138,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.5</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065694FBA7A980FB2D" box="[640,684,1138,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.65</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000656E9FBA7A805FB2D" box="[765,809,1138,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.7</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065791FBA7A89DFB2D" box="[901,945,1138,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.65</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FBA7AF15FB2D" box="[1037,1081,1138,1160]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.7</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065081FBA7AFEDFB2D" box="[1173,1217,1138,1160]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.7</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006510AFBA7AE66FB2D" box="[1310,1354,1138,1160]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">2.05</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF00065488FB49AE66FB17" box="[156,1354,1180,1202]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065488FB49AA7CFB17" box="[156,336,1180,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Height (H)</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065617FB49A91EFB17" box="[515,562,1180,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">&lt;0.5</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065694FB49A980FB17" box="[640,684,1180,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.55</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000656E9FB49A805FB17" box="[765,809,1180,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.3</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065791FB49A89DFB17" box="[901,945,1180,1202]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.4</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FB49AF15FB17" box="[1037,1081,1180,1202]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.3</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065081FB49AFEDFB17" box="[1173,1217,1180,1202]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.4</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006510AFB49AE66FB17" box="[1310,1354,1180,1202]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">1.05</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35661E71FFDF00065488FB10AE66FB7E" box="[156,1354,1221,1243]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<th id="76B7770DFFDF00065488FB10AA7CFB7E" box="[156,336,1221,1243]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">H/D</th>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065617FB10A91EFB7E" box="[515,562,1221,1243]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">&lt;0.2</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065694FB10A980FB7E" box="[640,684,1221,1243]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.33</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF000656E9FB10A805FB7E" box="[765,809,1221,1243]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.76</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065791FB10A89DFB7E" box="[901,945,1221,1243]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.85</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065019FB10AF15FB7E" box="[1037,1081,1221,1243]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.76</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF00065081FB10AFEDFB7E" box="[1173,1217,1221,1243]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.82</td>
<td id="76B7770DFFDF0006510AFB10AE66FB7E" box="[1310,1354,1221,1243]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">0.51</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFC54D3FAF5A93BF9B5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1311,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC54D3FAF5AA82FA92" box="[199,430,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">USNM 1005453B–C</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC55A8FACAA92CFA9D" box="[444,512,1311,1336]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
): Fragments of two entirely dissociated specimens; specimen C is a small juvenile, and larger specimen B is significantly smaller than USNM 1005436 (
<tableCitation id="C6D42988FFDFFFFC57A0FA91AF22FAF9" box="[948,1038,1348,1373]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,332,355]" captionTargetBox="[159,1399,510,656]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Belayevicrinus latipinnulus. Measurements taken from Eltanin specimens in USNM. Dbb: aboral diameter of basal ring, Dc: cup diameter at distal edge of radial ring, Dm: minimum stalk diameter, Dp: proximalmost stalk diameter, Drb: cup diameter at radial / basal suture, Hc: cup height, Hr-i: radial height at interradial suture, Hr-r: radial height at axis, Htg: tegmen height (oral cone), Wb: Br 1 width, Wrb: radial proximal width, Wrt: radial distal width. All values in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" tableUuid="DF294CBBFFDFFFFC5483FE99ABE4FE46">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Radials nearly rectangular; distal articular facet rounded, typical (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC55E9FAB2A912FA25" box="[509,574,1383,1408]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A); two parallel nerve grooves on inner surface of radials, distally masked by stereom development in specimen B (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5653FA59A9A7FA01" box="[583,651,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B), and absent in juvenile (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC57D7FA59AF2BFA01" box="[963,1031,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C); inter-radial space between arms wider in specimen B than in juvenile. Basal ring conical, regularly everted, with possibly a single inconspicuous suture. Proximalmost heptagonal columnals preserved with 7 crenular units of 1 crenula of irregular hieroglyphic shape in specimen B (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5599FA22AAE2F9B5" box="[397,462,1527,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D–G).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34C4FB8FFDFFFFF54D3F9C9AAC9F910" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDFFFFF54D3F9C9A959FEB8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1311,2021]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="387" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC54D3F9C9AA17F990" bold="true" box="[199,315,1564,1589]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species was previously described from two poorly preserved specimens collected off the eastern side of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDFFFFC5579F9EAAAC9F9FD" authority="Arc" authorityName="Arc" box="[365,485,1599,1624]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFDFFFFC5579F9EAAA9FF9FD" box="[365,435,1599,1624]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Arc
</taxonomicName>
at depths ranging from 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDFFFFC56ECF9EAA896F9F2" box="[760,954,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5905" metricValueMax="5.651" metricValueMin="5.529999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" unit="m" value="5590.5" valueMax="5651.0" valueMin="5530.0">5,530 to 5,651 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFDFFFFC57DDF9EAAE2FF9FD" author="Mironov" box="[969,1283,1599,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" refString="Mironov, A. N. &amp; Sorokina, O. A. (1998) Sea lilies of the order Hyocrinida (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, 2, 1 - 117. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1998">Mironov &amp; Sorokina, 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The Eltanin specimen USNM 1005436 differs in having a shorter and more rounded anal sac, larger and more concave orals, fewer tegminal plates, and 8 short crenular units of 1–2 crenulae in stalk symplexies. 
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFDFFFFC505AF95DAF41F905" box="[1102,1133,1672,1696]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">As</collectingCountry>
in the 
<typeStatus id="54EDA291FFDFFFFC50AEF952AE33F905" box="[1210,1311,1671,1696]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, columnals of the USNM 1005453 specimens display 7 crenular units of 1 irregular crenula each. The juvenile symplexial pattern of 8 crenular units is visible within the center of the distal syzygies in specimen 1005436. In USNM 1005453-B, the large proximalmost symplexies have 7 crenular units. The variation in number and length of crenular units is therefore due to intraspecific variation rather than to change during ontogeny. The main change during ontogeny was observed in radial morphology (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC56E0F8E9A81FF8F0" box="[756,819,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig.3</figureCitation>
). The absence of nerve grooves on the inner surface of juvenile radials (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5542F88AAAB5F8DD" box="[342,409,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C) suggests that most of the aboral nerve complex remains attached to the visceral cavity, and begins to be partly embedded into the skeleton (grooves) at a later stage (
<figureCitation id="136D00B6FFDFFFFC5011F851AF64F839" box="[1029,1096,1924,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1498,1520]" captionTargetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[460,1127,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Radials and proximalmost columnals in Balayevicrinus latipinnulus, specimens USNM 1005453. A – C: radials; A – B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B – C: view of inner upper face; D – G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E – G: large specimen B; F – G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFDFFFFC5067F851AEB0F839" author="Bohn" box="[1139,1436,1924,1949]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" refString="Bohn, J. M. &amp; Heinzeller, T. (1999) Morphology of the bourgueticrinid and isocrinid aboral nervous system and its possible phylogenetic implications (Echinodermata, Crinoidea). Acta Zoologica, 80, 241 - 249. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1463 - 6395.1999.00022. x" type="journal article" year="1999">Bohn &amp; Heinzeller (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFDFFFFC54DCF87DAAB6F865" box="[200,410,1959,1984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" refString="Roux, M., Eleaume, M., Hemery, L. G. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2013) When morphology meets molecular data in crinoid phylogeny: a challenge. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 54, 541 - 548." type="journal article">
Roux 
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDFFFFC5519F87CAA6BF865" box="[269,327,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
recently confirmed the importance of aboral nerve complex patterns in crinoid taxonomy. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFDFFFFC5483F819AA6FF841" author="Ubaghs" box="[151,323,1996,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" refString="Ubaghs, G. (1978) Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids. In: Moore R. C. &amp; Teichert C. (Eds.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part T (Echinodermata 2). Vol. 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 58 - 216." type="book chapter" year="1978">Ubaghs (1978)</bibRefCitation>
noted that nerves were progressively embedded into the aboral cup skeleton and arms during crinoid evolution. Therefore, the incomplete embedding of aboral nerves in the hyocrinid cup is a remarkable plesiomorphic character (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC761C2FFDCFFFF55A6FF69A9B6FF71" author="Roux" box="[434,666,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" refString="Roux, M. &amp; Bohn, J. (2010) Revision of the genus Gephyrocrinus Koehler &amp; Bather, 1902 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Zoosystema, 32 (3), 425 - 437. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2010 n 3 a 4" type="journal article" year="2010">Roux &amp; Bohn, 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the exact pattern of hyocrinid aboral nervous system remains unknown. The Eltanin juvenile USNM 1005453-C is the only known hyocrinid specimen without nerve grooves on the inner surface of the radials.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF294CBBFFDCFFFF5483FA0FAA67F9E9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243052/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" targetBox="[460,1126,337,1476]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDCFFFF5483FA0FAA67F9E9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1498,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDCFFFF5483FA0FAA3FFA4A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1498,1520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Radials and proximalmost columnals in 
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDCFFFF56ABFA0FA8FBFA55" box="[703,983,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
Balayevicrinus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDCFFFF574AFA0FA8FBFA55" box="[862,983,1498,1520]" class="Crinoidea" family="Hyocrinidae" genus="Belyaevicrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hyocrinida" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latipinnulus">latipinnulus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, specimens USNM 1005453. A–C: radials; A–B: large specimen B; C: small juvenile specimen C; A: view of outer face; B–C: view of inner upper face; D–G: proximalmost columnals; D: first columnal in small juvenile specimen C; E–G: large specimen B; F–G: facet adjacent to E; E, G: oblique views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE91C33FFDCFFFF54D3F9ACAAC9F910" blockId="6.[151,1436,1657,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
<emphasis id="B922C021FFDCFFFF54D3F9ACAA75F937" bold="true" box="[199,345,1657,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Off southern 
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFDCFFFF55ECF9ACA91BF937" box="[504,567,1657,1682]" name="Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Chile</collectingCountry>
, south of Tierra del Fuego to east of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5667B0FFDCFFFF57C9F9ACAF74F934" authority="Arc" authorityName="Arc" box="[989,1112,1657,1682]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F3415CA3FFDCFFFF57C9F9ACAF0FF937" box="[989,1059,1657,1682]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Scotia</collectingCountry>
Arc
</taxonomicName>
, depth range: 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDCFFFF50ECF9ACAB83F910" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4945" metricValueMax="5.529999999999999" metricValueMin="3.4589999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="4494.5" valueMax="5530.0" valueMin="3459.0">3,459 to 5,530 m</quantity>
, possibly 
<quantity id="4CAEB1D6FFDCFFFF550BF948AACDF910" box="[287,481,1693,1718]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3535" metricValueMax="5.651" metricValueMin="3.056" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" unit="m" value="4353.5" valueMax="5651.0" valueMin="3056.0">3,056 to 5,651 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>