389 lines
72 KiB
XML
389 lines
72 KiB
XML
<document id="CB29A7C1D4FA193B67AD36556F76483E" ID-CLB-Dataset="56110" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2023.62-17" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d9367c2e-9977-48dd-b86c-0576291bc59f" ID-PMC="PMC10165347" ID-PubMed="37168712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075456" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1687185061715" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Sun, Yanan, Tsui, Justin Hon Yin, Wong, Rachel Ting Huen, Cheung, Ringo Nga Ching, Ng, Murphy Kam Pui, Or, Carmen K. M. & Qiu, Jian-Wen" docDate="2023" docId="03FF9559EC3F794CE8CCAAB45002EE89" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.62.17.1-7.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 62 (17)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Tripedalia maipoensis Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFC6ED21EC3E7948EB54AF68530AE85C" masterDocTitle="A New Species of Box Jellyfish (Cnidaria: Tripedaliidae: Tripedalia) from Hong Kong, China" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699526835091" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B00E09CE340AF7C0550088CA9484F0C2">
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<mods:title id="7D29233DCD6FC5EC46E60EA36F37BE76">A New Species of Box Jellyfish (Cnidaria: Tripedaliidae: Tripedalia) from Hong Kong, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A49BFD5FA8F92892EDAE0FD34560AC62">Sun, Yanan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF75F5E218F51973AF97DC41348BBBB8">Tsui, Justin Hon Yin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6F9A7E321E6B408852C51B148F24D4CA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A8CF4711F6CD7250F15C1199BCE7FBBB">Wong, Rachel Ting Huen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE66ADF267E20EDC2ACA2A0DF45412BA">Cheung, Ringo Nga Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31753851B3E7057D97D5BFF616014883">Ng, Murphy Kam Pui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2370ABDC98D865458A478FC1F2E26FB9">Or, Carmen K. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5F7C0FB8400E2A8121FB81BBC99506F">Qiu, Jian-Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="503F7B7001D896D3F5C3405F515D8E94">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="088523F793E739AF9D075A965D4400E0">
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<mods:date id="08952911730838B2C7C2CEA662491602">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2BCA88349C3C4B42C927978877702AE2">62</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FF9559EC3F794CE8CCAAB45002EE89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8056078" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209694577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8056078" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF9559EC3F794CE8CCAAB45002EE89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF9559EC3F794CE8CCAAB45002EE89" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3F7949E8CCAAB45610EDA9" box="[920,1306,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3F7949E8CCAAB45610EDA9" blockId="1.[847,1379,1500,1610]" box="[920,1306,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0A19323EC3F7949E8CCAAB45610EDA9" bold="true" box="[920,1306,1500,1525]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3F7949E8CCAAB45610EDA9" bold="true" box="[920,1306,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3F7949E8CCAAB457BAEDA9" ID-CoL="768a751b-dc0e-4efd-b38f-1e94f251f086" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[920,1200,1500,1525]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3F7949E8CCAAB457BAEDA9" bold="true" box="[920,1200,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tripedalia maipoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3F7949EFE3AAB45610EDA9" box="[1207,1306,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3F7949E8A5AA9557A3EE16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3F7949E8A5AA9557A3EE16" blockId="1.[847,1379,1500,1610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3F7949E8ADAA955749EE49" box="[1017,1091,1533,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3F7949EF04AA955755EE49" box="[1104,1119,1533,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[280,1265,998,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-401@3.[280,1269,998,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood tree of cubozoans based on a concatenated dataset of 16S, 18S and 28S. Ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot) values higher than 75 are shown on nodes. Asterisks indicate UFBoot values> 90." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075461/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3F7949EF3FAA9557B2EE49" box="[1131,1208,1533,1557]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
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)
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<uri id="FFC7284DEC3F7949E81BA97057A3EE16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFF01E9AEC3F7949EF6FA97057A3EE16" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">68BA7074-70C9-400A-9F49- 572E6DC3622B</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3F794BE83DA91852D5E94A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3F794AE83DA9185606E909" blockId="1.[813,1413,1648,1960]" lastBlockId="2.[850,1451,253,374]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3F7949E83DA918574FEED4" box="[873,1093,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B3E2E12EC3F7949EF03A9185080EEB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4134931301" collectingDate="2022-04-21" collectionCode="TMBC" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" specimenCode="TMBC030991" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCode id="DBF08C34EC3F7949EF03A91857F1EED4" box="[1111,1275,1648,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">TMBC030991</specimenCode>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54ED9AEDEC3F7949EE5AA9185673EED4" box="[1294,1401,1648,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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): adult medusa,
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<specimenCount id="9D50EFC6EC3F7949E8B1A9F8573CEEF4" box="[997,1078,1680,1704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="female">female</specimenCount>
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(
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<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3F7949EF18A9F857DEEEF4" box="[1100,1236,1680,1704]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
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), collected
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<date id="FFE8028FEC3F7949EE3DA9F850A3EE94" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2022-04-21">
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<collectingDate id="EFACFB67EC3F7949EE3DA9F850A3EE94" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2022-04-21">21 April 2022</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, preserved in 4% formalin, stored in 90% ethanol.
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</materialsCitation>
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TMBC030992–TMBC031003 (
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<typeStatus id="54ED9AEDEC3F7949EE56A9B85673EEB4" box="[1282,1401,1744,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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): adult medusa, one individual each, same sampling location as
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<typeStatus id="54ED9AEDEC3F7949E885A8785740EF74" box="[977,1098,1808,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, TMBC030992 (male), TMBC030993 (female), TMBC030994 (male), TMBC030995 (female), TMBC030996 (sex cannot be determined), TMBC030997 (male), TMBC030998 (female), TMBC030999 (female), TMBC031000 (male), TMBC031001 (male), TMBC031002 (female), TMBC031003 (female), TMBC030992– TMBC030995 collected on
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<date id="FFE8028FEC3C794AE963AE5651F4E90A" box="[567,766,317,342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2022-04-21">21 April 2022</date>
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, TMBC030996–TMBC031003 collected in
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<date id="FFE8028FEC3C794AE9E7AE365086E94A" box="[691,908,254,374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2020-08">August 2020</date>
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, TMBC030992–TMBC030997 preserved in 4% formalin and stored in 90% ethanol, TMBC030998– TMBC031003 preserved in 95% ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<footnote id="E84D3841EC3F7949EBDCA88D5292EFAB" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3F7949EBDCA88D5292EFAB" blockId="1.[136,408,2020,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3C794BE8DBAE3652D5E94A" blockId="2.[850,1451,253,374]" lastBlockId="3.[136,738,254,949]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3C794AE8DBAE365723E929" box="[911,1065,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="54ED9AEDEC3C794AE8DBAE3650CFE929" box="[911,965,350,373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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: Mai Po Nature Reserve,
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<collectingCountry id="F34164DFEC3C794BEE38AE3653CDE94A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE624288EC3D794BEB85AF965244E94A" box="[209,334,254,278]" degrees="22. 4887" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="5" value="22.4887">22. 4887°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE624288EC3D794BEA0DAF9652D1E94A" box="[345,475,254,278]" degrees="114.0417" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="5" value="114.0417">114.0417°E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF2974C7EC3C794AEBFBA9B451D0EFEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" targetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3C794AEBFBA9B451D0EFEF" blockId="2.[174,1452,1756,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3C794AEBFBA9B453E3EEB3" bold="true" box="[175,233,1756,1775]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3C794AE9A8A9B450B6EEB3" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[764,956,1756,1775]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3C794AE9A8A9B450B6EEB3" box="[764,956,1756,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tripedalia maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3C794AE897A9B55702EEAC" box="[963,1032,1757,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E84D3841EC3C794AEFC8A88D56A1EFAB" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3C794AEFC8A88D56A1EFAB" blockId="2.[1180,1451,2020,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3D794BEB91AE75529AE909" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3D794BEB91AE75529AE909" blockId="3.[136,738,254,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BEB91AE755231E969" box="[197,315,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3D794BEA18AE7652C2E969" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[332,456,286,309]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BEA18AE7652C2E969" box="[332,456,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the Latinized form of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED9AEDEC3D794BEBFBAE5653D7E90A" box="[175,221,318,342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality Mai Po.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3D794BEB91AE365214E9E9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3D794BEB91AE365214E9E9" blockId="3.[136,738,254,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BEB91AE365232E929" box="[197,312,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Medusa with three pedalia per bell corner, each pedalium with one tentacle, velarium with forked canals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3D794CEB91AED65265EDEA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3D794BEB91AED65087EB2A" blockId="3.[136,738,254,949]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1415,253,949]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BEB91AED65242E989" box="[197,328,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
|
||
: The bell is transparent, colourless, cuboidal-shaped with smooth, edges rounded, roof slightly arched, with white nematocyst warts of different shapes and sizes densely scattered from apex to bell margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEBBDAD555280EA0A" box="[233,394,573,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A–B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEACDAD555128EA0A" box="[409,546,573,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a pair of gonads at each corner of the bell, extending from stomach rim to velarium in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BE919AD1551ADEACA" box="[589,679,637,662]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BE9E1AD1553B1EAEA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are four frown-shaped rhopalial niches, each located between two bell corners. Each rhopalial niche ostium has a prominent upper covering scale, and a small lower scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEA20AD9552FBEB4A" box="[372,497,765,790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each ropalial niche has a rhopalium suspended from the roof with a stalk. Each of the four rhopalia bears six eyes: two lateral pit eyes, two lateral slit eyes, a smaller upper lens eye, and a larger lower lens eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEAC7AC1552E0EBCA" box="[403,490,893,918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each rhopalium also bears a large crystalline statolith below the lower lens eye. The velarium is smooth, without nematocyst warts. The velarial canals are biforked to multi-branched with 3–6 branches, with sharp tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEF2AAE5557E5E90A" box="[1150,1263,317,342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The velarial canal tips are white in mature specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEE49AE35567DE92A" box="[1309,1399,349,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The manubrium extends from the bell roof to 1/2–2/3 bell height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BE8E6AEF55732E9EA" box="[946,1080,413,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); they are cruciform with four terminal lobes that are free of nematocyst warts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEE0DAED5505BE9AA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stomach is flat, with its four corners each connected to a brush-like gastric phacella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEE70AE95568AEA4A" box="[1316,1408,509,534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BE879AD75509EEA6A" box="[813,916,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pedalia are flat and unbended, each with one pedalial canal inside (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEFD9AD55560CEA0A" box="[1165,1286,573,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEE40AD55504BEA2A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1C– D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and nematocyst warts on the outer surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEE78AD35568AEA2A" box="[1324,1408,605,630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BE879AD15509CEACA" box="[813,918,637,662]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedalial canal straight, extending through pedalium, slightly tapering at distal end, knee bend rounded without appendage. Each pedalium bears a single unbranched tentacle. Nematocysts from tentacles are oval-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BE8BCAD955739EB4A" box="[1000,1075,765,790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Juvenile medusae are similar with adults in gross morphology. At ~BH
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE89AAEC3D794BEFA2AC765641EB69" box="[1270,1355,798,822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, they developed from two to three pedalia per bell corner (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3D794BEE0FAC55508AEB2A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3D794CE83DAC1552B5E92A" blockId="3.[813,1415,253,949]" lastBlockId="4.[174,775,253,1462]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BE83DAC155743EBC9" box="[873,1097,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sexual Dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
: Female gonad ‘wings’ are slender, extending from the stomach to the velarium; whitish to light yellow in live specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3A794CE9CBAF9553C9E96A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A– B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male gonad ‘wings’ are broad with a rounded top, extending from the stomach to the velarium; whitish in live specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3A794CEA04AE3552B8E92A" box="[336,434,349,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,206,1756,1775]" captionTargetBox="[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[197,1428,426,1731]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic position of Tripedalia maipoensis sp. nov. (A–B) holotype (TMBC030991), female, living specimen, lateral view showing the gross morphology (A), and oblique top view showing gastric phacellus (B); (C) Rhopalial niche, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992); (D) Rhopalium, showing six eyes and a statolith; (E) Upside down view of the bell showing the velarial canals, preserved specimen, paratype (TMBC030992), male; (F) details of the velarial canals, preserved specimen, holotype (TMBC030991), female; (G) oblique top view, showing nematocyst warts and gastric phacellus, living specimen, paratype TMBC030992; (H) manubrium, preserved, paratype (TMBC030997); (I) Nematocyst batteries from tentacle, paratype (TMBC030997). Scale bars: A–B = 1 cm; C, F, H = 1 mm; D = 0.3 mm; E, G = 5 mm; I = 10 µm. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline statolith; g, gonad; gp, gastric phacellae; le, lower lens eye; nw, nematocyst wart; pe, pit eye; rn, rhopalial niche; se, slit eye; ue, upper lens eye; vc, velarial canal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075458/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. S1C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2974C7EC3D794BEBDCA8EE51ACEFE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[136,167,1926,1945]" targetBox="[280,1265,998,1900]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3D794BEBDCA8EE51ACEFE9" blockId="3.[136,1414,1926,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BEBDCA8EE53CAEFC5" bold="true" box="[136,192,1926,1945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum-likelihood tree of cubozoans based on a concatenated dataset of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BE81AA8EE5064EFC5" box="[846,878,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">16S</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BE82CA8EE5092EFC5" box="[888,920,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18S</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3D794BE896A8EE50E8EFC5" box="[962,994,1926,1945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">28S</emphasis>
|
||
. Ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot) values higher than 75 are shown on nodes. Asterisks indicate UFBoot values> 90.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E84D3841EC3D794BEBDCA88D5292EFAB" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3D794BEBDCA88D5292EFAB" blockId="3.[136,1414,1926,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3A794CEBBEAE165140E9A9" blockId="4.[174,775,253,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEBBEAE16529FE9C9" box="[234,405,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEAFFAE1652B2E9C9" box="[427,440,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D50EFC6EC3A794CEA8BAE16514EE9C9" box="[479,580,381,406]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="adult">8 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
. Mean BH 12.5 (± 3.3) mm, mean DBW 15.2 (± 6.9) mm, mean IRW 1.4 (± 0.7) mm, mean DRT 2.7 (± 1.3) mm, mean PL 4.9 (± 1.1) mm, mean PW 1.5 (± 0.5) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3A794CEBBEAE95500DEBC9" blockId="4.[174,775,253,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEBBEAE955118EA49" box="[234,530,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
: The new species is currently known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54ED9AEDEC3A794CEAA1AD765128EA6A" box="[501,546,542,566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, but may also occur in the adjacent waters of the Pearl River Estuary as the ponds are connected to the estuary through a tidal channel. The new species was found every year since
|
||
<quantity id="4CAE89AAEC3A794CEBFAADF65209EAE9" box="[174,259,669,694]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1308" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="2020.0">2020 in</quantity>
|
||
some of the brackish water intertidal shrimp ponds of Mai Po Nature Reserve during April and May, and also extending to June in 2021 when water temperature ranged from 20°C to 29°C, and salinity from 5.8 psu to 18 psu. The new species was recorded in water channels flanked by Common Reed (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE9DAAC55521AEB29" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE9DAAC55521AEB29" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phragmites australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or mangroves of mainly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE96AAC35500DEB29" box="[574,775,861,885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Kandelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE96AAC35500DEB29" box="[574,775,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kandelia obovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mixed with the golden leather fern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE970AC15500AEBC9" box="[548,768,893,917]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Acrostichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE970AC15500AEBC9" box="[548,768,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Acrostichum aureum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3A794CEBBEACF65265EDEA" blockId="4.[174,775,253,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEBBEACF652AFEBE9" box="[234,421,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Genetic analyses</emphasis>
|
||
: A 567 base pair (bp) fragment of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEB98ACD553FEEB89" box="[204,244,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16S</emphasis>
|
||
, 1734 bp fragment of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEABDACD6511BEB8A" box="[489,529,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">18S</emphasis>
|
||
and 1809 bp fragment of
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEB9AACB653FCEBAA" box="[206,246,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28S</emphasis>
|
||
was used in the genetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined dataset of three genes strongly supported the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE903AB7551C3EC69" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[599,713,1053,1077]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE903AB7551C3EC69" box="[599,713,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tripedalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3A794CE98FAB7553B4EC0A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[280,1265,998,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-401@3.[280,1269,998,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood tree of cubozoans based on a concatenated dataset of 16S, 18S and 28S. Ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot) values higher than 75 are shown on nodes. Asterisks indicate UFBoot values> 90." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075461/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CEA3CAB5652F1EC09" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[360,507,1086,1109]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEA3CAB5652F1EC09" box="[360,507,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3A794CE955AB56515EEC09" box="[513,596,1086,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were grouped to a distinctive clade and sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE97AAB3651CBEC29" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[558,705,1117,1141]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE97AAB3651CBEC29" box="[558,705,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group comprising specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34164DFEC3A794CEABEAB16516EECC9" box="[490,612,1149,1174]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34164DFEC3A794CE9C9AB15500DECC9" box="[669,775,1149,1173]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
with strong support (UFBoot = 100,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3A794CE921ABF551CAECEA" box="[629,704,1181,1206]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[280,1265,998,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-401@3.[280,1269,998,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood tree of cubozoans based on a concatenated dataset of 16S, 18S and 28S. Ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot) values higher than 75 are shown on nodes. Asterisks indicate UFBoot values> 90." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075461/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CEBFAABD55211EC89" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[174,283,1213,1237]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEBFAABD55211EC89" box="[174,283,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tripedalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade is then sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE957ABD551A1EC89" baseAuthorityName="Stiasny" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[515,683,1213,1237]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Copula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sivickisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE957ABD551A1EC89" box="[515,683,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Copula sivickisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136D38CAEC3A794CE9EEABD551F2EC8A" box="[698,760,1213,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[280,1265,998,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-401@3.[280,1269,998,1900]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood tree of cubozoans based on a concatenated dataset of 16S, 18S and 28S. Ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot) values higher than 75 are shown on nodes. Asterisks indicate UFBoot values> 90." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075461/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). For
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEB8EABB5520BECA9" box="[218,257,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16S</emphasis>
|
||
, the intraspecific
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEAEBABB652C6ECA9" box="[447,460,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE904ABB651E8ECA9" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[592,738,1246,1269]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE904ABB651E8ECA9" box="[592,738,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3A794CE9BDABB653D6ED49" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
for
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEA58AB95523EED49" box="[268,308,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16S</emphasis>
|
||
is 0.1%, while the interspecific
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE9CDAB9651A5ED49" box="[665,687,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">p-</emphasis>
|
||
distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CEA41AA7652BBED69" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[277,433,1310,1333]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEA41AA7652BBED69" box="[277,433,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3A794CEAEFAA76511EED69" box="[443,532,1310,1333]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE904AA7651E0ED69" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[592,746,1309,1333]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE904AA7651E0ED69" box="[592,746,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 17.5%. The percentage of genetic distance for
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE989AA55500DED09" box="[733,775,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16S</emphasis>
|
||
between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CEA45AA3652ACED29" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[273,422,1374,1397]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEA45AA3652ACED29" box="[273,422,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3A794CEAFBAA36510FED29" box="[431,517,1374,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE969AA3551E6ED29" baseAuthorityName="Stiasny" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[573,748,1373,1397]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Copula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sivickisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE969AA3551E6ED29" box="[573,748,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Copula sivickisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 26.6%, while the value between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE94AAA1651BEEDC9" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[542,692,1405,1429]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE94AAA1651BEEDC9" box="[542,692,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE9BAAA16520EEDE9" baseAuthorityName="Stiasny" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Copula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sivickisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE9BAAA16520EEDE9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. sivickisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 28.3%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34C77C4EC3A794CEBFAAAB55002EE89" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3A794CEBFAAAB5516FEE4A" blockId="4.[174,713,1501,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CEBFAAAB5516FEE4A" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Key to genera and species of Tripedallidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC759BEEC3A794CEBFAAA94525EEE4A" author="Conant FS" box="[174,340,1532,1558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref4540" refString="Conant FS. 1897. Notes on the cubomedusae. Johns Hopkins University Circular 132: 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1897">Conant, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with the new species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE9244FEC3A794CEBFAA9555002EE89" blockId="4.[174,776,1596,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
1. One pedalium per bell corner ...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE92AA954500DEE13" ID-CoL="Y8YQ" baseAuthorityName="Stiasny" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[638,775,1596,1615]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Copula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sivickisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE92AA954500DEE13" box="[638,775,1596,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Copula sivickisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- More than one pedalium per bell corner .................................... 2 2. Two pedalia per bell corner ..............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE926A91A500DEED9" ID-CoL="58XLG" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1988" box="[626,775,1650,1669]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE926A91A500DEED9" box="[626,775,1650,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Three pedalia per bell corner ...................................................... 3 3. Velarial canals simple, unforked ...............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE91EA9CF500DEEE6" ID-CoL="58XLH" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[586,775,1703,1722]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE91EA9CF500DEEE6" box="[586,775,1703,1722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- Velarial canals forked ..................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C565FCCEC3A794CE956A9AA51CAEE88" ID-CoL="768a751b-dc0e-4efd-b38f-1e94f251f086" authority="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu, 2023" authorityName="Sun & Tsui & Wong & Cheung & Ng & Or & Qiu" authorityYear="2023" box="[514,704,1730,1749]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maipoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B922F85DEC3A794CE956A9AA51CAEE88" box="[514,704,1730,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tripedalia maipoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2114526EC3A794CE991A9AA5002EE89" box="[709,776,1730,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |