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<mods:title id="DEA9A954FBECA36F72BA0D3DD71F8C27">Taxonomy and calling songs of some species of Cardiodactylus (Gryllidae, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini) from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="77C3FCBE078F2EDE289BB31CC7F31A17">Depraz, Emilien</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9B870F01D2E03DDA5C5885F83E79D895">Université de Lille, Département Biologie-bât. SN 3, Cité scientifique, 59665 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France. &amp; Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE-PSL, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4F601E479A9A26B1F610B5D7D596D7D8">Rahandra, Erlani Febrida</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3F2A8635012E40773685DA6D274D7927">Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN), Kampus FMIPA UNCEN jl. Kampwolker Waena Jayapura Papua Indonesia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3C62588D077A7BFF311BFE834F0F2973">Ramandey, Eunice R. P. F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0D24AD9C03C970AE450EC1314A6D0D00">Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN), Kampus FMIPA UNCEN jl. Kampwolker Waena Jayapura Papua Indonesia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70197BDB74F1F4F05F35AD51E461197A">Robillard, Tony</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7C8097796C932E3A586434EBB7313140">Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE-PSL, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2FFF9EFF25C6DFFDCEFA7D" blockId="12.[151,613,1439,1503]" box="[151,613,1439,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">
<heading id="D0A081C9BD2FFF9EFF25C6DFFDCEFA7D" bold="true" box="[151,613,1439,1466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2FFF9EFF25C6DFFDCEFA7D" ID-CoL="5WZQR" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,613,1439,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2FFF9EFF25C6DFFDCEFA7D" bold="true" box="[151,613,1439,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2FFF9EFF25C6DFFE30FA7D" bold="true" box="[151,411,1439,1466]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Cardiodactylus nigris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD2FFF9EFE10C6E0FDCEFA7D" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[418,613,1440,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2FFF9EFF2DC684FEBFFA19" box="[159,276,1476,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,525,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-183@9.[151,1436,525,1901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A–C), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (D–F) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (G–I): head and pronotum in dorsal view (A, D, G); face in anterior view (B, E, H); anterior part of body in lateral view (C, F, I). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420913/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Figs 5G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2FFF9EFEADC684FEEAFA19" box="[287,321,1476,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[158,1430,181,1535]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A, B), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (C, D) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (E) male (A, C, E) and female (B, D) FWs in dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420916/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2FFF9EFEFEC684FE22FA19" box="[332,393,1476,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[229,1382,204,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-31@11.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A–C), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (D–F) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (G–I) male genitalia in dorsal (A, D, G), ventral (B, E, H) and lateral (C, F, I) views. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420922/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">7G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2FFF9EFE26C684FE70FA18" box="[404,475,1476,1503]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStart-2="FIGURE 14" captionStart-3="FIGURE 15" captionStartId-0="16.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,250,1574,1598]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionStartId-3="19.[151,250,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1412,489,1591]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,561,1550]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1428,418,1325]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,197,1227]" captionTargetId-0="figure-175@16.[151,1436,489,1591]" captionTargetId-1="figure-181@17.[151,1436,561,1550]" captionTargetId-2="figure-196@18.[151,1436,410,1333]" captionTargetId-3="figure-248@19.[151,1436,197,1227]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 12. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; FW in dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male habitus in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 14. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 calling song: oscillogram of a series of calling songs made up of 12 echemes (A) and an echeme followed by an isolated syllable (B), spectrograms of an echeme (C) and an isolated syllable (D), and power spectrum of a syllable (E)." captionText-3="FIGURE 15. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 in their natural environment: adult male in dorsal (A) and lateral views (B), female (C) and juvenile (D)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420940" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420944" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420946" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420952" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14420940/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14420944/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14420946/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14420952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">12–15</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2FFF9EFF25C548FCA5F9E6" blockId="12.[151,782,1544,1569]" box="[151,782,1544,1569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB47118BBD2FFF9EFF25C548FCA5F9E6" box="[151,782,1544,1569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610B4BD2FFF9EFF25C548FDE8F9E7" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[151,579,1544,1569]" page="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" year="1981">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2FFF9EFF25C548FDE8F9E7" ID-CoL="5WZQR" authority="Bhowmik, 1981: 45" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,579,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2FFF9EFF25C548FEDFF9E7" box="[151,372,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Cardiodactylus nigris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD2FFF9EFEC8C548FDE8F9E7" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[378,579,1544,1569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981: 45</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610B4BD2FFF9EFDECC549FCA1F9E6" author="Otte, D." box="[606,778,1545,1569]" page="343" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD2FFF9EFDECC549FCA1F9E6" author="Otte, D." box="[606,778,1545,1569]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" pagination="341 - 400" refId="ref7642" refString="Otte, D. (2007 a) New species of Cardiodactylus from the western Pacific region (Gryllidae: Eneopterinae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 156, 341 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 0097 - 3157 (2007) 156 [341: NSOCFT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Otte, 2007a: 343</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D652EBD2FFF9EFF25C50FFEEEF832" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2FFF9EFF25C50FFEE3F9AF" bold="true" box="[151,328,1614,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CF8BD2FFF9EFEE3C50FFCB9F94A" collectingDate="1936-04-03" collectingDateMax="1936-04-08" collectingDateMin="1936-04-03" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="G. O. Moore" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Afua" location="New Guinea" municipality="Mt Torcella" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EC8807BD2FFF9EFEE3C50FFE15F9AE" box="[337,446,1615,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
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•
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFD4FC50FFCB9F9AE" box="[765,786,1615,1641]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
[examined];
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8CACDFBD2FFF9EFBFFC50FFB7EF9AE" box="[1101,1237,1615,1641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Mt Torcella</collectingMunicipality>
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east of
<collectingCounty id="62894E29BD2FFF9EFF25C533FF78F94A" box="[151,211,1651,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Afua</collectingCounty>
;
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<collectingDate id="EFADE98DBD2FFF9EFF6CC532FECEF94B" box="[222,357,1650,1676]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="1936-04-03" valueMax="1936-04-08" valueMin="1936-04-03">3–8.iv.1936</collectingDate>
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;
<collectorName id="26A25373BD2FFF9EFEC3C533FE52F94A" box="[369,505,1651,1677]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">G.O. Moore</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED46AE60BD2FFF9EFD8AC533FD09F94A" box="[568,674,1651,1677]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2FFF9EFD03C533FCAFF94A" box="[689,772,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,489,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-175@16.[151,1436,489,1591]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; FW in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420940/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2FFF9EFF75C5D7FEEEF832" blockId="12.[151,1437,1614,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2FFF9EFF75C5D7FE5DF977" bold="true" box="[199,502,1686,1713]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">New material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CF8BD2FFF9EFDB1C5D7FC9EF976" box="[515,821,1687,1713]" country="Indonesia" location="INDONESIA" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-juvenile="3">
<collectingCountry id="F3407635BD2FFF9EFDB1C5D7FD0BF976" box="[515,672,1687,1713]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFD03C5D7FC9EF976" box="[689,821,1687,1713]" count="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CF8BD2FFF9EFCF4C5D7FB75F912" collectingDate="2023-09-17" collectorName="Keerom &amp; Ubigau" country="Indonesia" elevation="110" latitude="-2.94828" location="Papua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.70859" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Papua Barat">
<collectingRegion id="4993F847BD2FFF9EFCF4C5D7FC26F976" box="[838,909,1687,1713]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Papua</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26A25373BD2FFF9EFC2DC5D7FC57F976" box="[927,1020,1687,1713]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Keerom</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26A25373BD2FFF9EFBBFC5D7FBC9F976" box="[1037,1122,1687,1713]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Ubigau</collectorName>
, gallery forest along river (GPS23Pa3);
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFE80C5FBFE01F912" box="[306,426,1723,1749]" degrees="02.94828" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-2.94828">S02.94828</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFE03C5FAFD97F912" box="[433,572,1722,1749]" degrees="140.70859" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="140.70859">E140.70859</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD2FFF9EFDF4C5FBFD24F912" box="[582,655,1723,1749]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="110.0">
<elevation id="007AD196BD2FFF9EFDF4C5FBFD24F912" box="[582,655,1723,1749]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="110.0">110 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFE91065BD2FFF9EFD28C5FBFCBEF912" box="[666,789,1723,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-17">
<collectingDate id="EFADE98DBD2FFF9EFD28C5FBFCBEF912" box="[666,789,1723,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-17">17.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; TR23-18; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP
</materialsCitation>
•
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFB47C5FBFAB1F912" box="[1269,1306,1723,1749]" count="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFA94C5FAFAE1F913" box="[1318,1354,1722,1748]" count="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
; Yapen I.; Ambaidiru, secondary habitat along road (GPS23Pa5b);
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFC8AC59EFC1BF93E" box="[824,944,1758,1785]" degrees="01.75441" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-1.75441">S01.75441</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFC0BC59EFBEFF93E" box="[953,1092,1758,1785]" degrees="136.17958" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="136.17958">E136.17958</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD2FFF9EFBE2C59EFB37F93E" box="[1104,1180,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.99" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="699.0">699 m</quantity>
;
<date id="FFE91065BD2FFF9EFB1BC59FFA8FF93E" box="[1193,1316,1759,1785]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-20">20.ix.2023</date>
; TR23-36, TR23-37, TR23-59; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP •
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFCB7C443FC81F8DA" box="[773,810,1795,1821]" count="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFC88C443FCF4F8DA" box="[826,863,1795,1821]" count="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
; Yapen I., Karopai, secondary forest near village (GPS23Pa6);
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFE87C466FE06F886" box="[309,429,1830,1857]" degrees="01.85559" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-1.85559">S01.85559</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFE0AC466FDEFF887" box="[440,580,1830,1856]" degrees="136.19408" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="136.19408">E136.19408</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD2FFF9EFDE0C466FD3AF886" box="[594,657,1830,1857]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="56.0">56 m</quantity>
;
<date id="FFE91065BD2FFF9EFD12C467FCEEF886" box="[672,837,1831,1857]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-21" valueMax="2023-09-23" valueMin="2023-09-21">21–23.ix.2023</date>
; TR23-69; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP •
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFA8FC467FAC9F886" box="[1341,1378,1831,1857]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFAC3C467FA3DF886" box="[1393,1430,1831,1857]" count="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
; Yapen I., Mambo, near coffee plantation;
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFDC5C40AFD44F8A3" box="[631,751,1866,1892]" degrees="01.76969" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-1.76969">S01.76969</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFD4BC40AFC2FF8A2" box="[761,900,1866,1893]" degrees="136.15408" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="136.15408">E136.15408</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FFE91065BD2FFF9EFC20C40BFBA6F8A2" box="[914,1037,1867,1893]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-22">22.ix.2023</date>
; TR23-70, TR23-93; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP •
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFEAFC42FFE37F84E" box="[285,412,1903,1929]" count="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CF8BD2FFF9EFE15C42FFC81F86A" collectingDate="2023-09-23" collectorName="Yapen I." country="Indonesia" elevation="930" latitude="-1.73909" location="Samber Mt." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.31322" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="26A25373BD2FFF9EFE15C42FFDACF84E" box="[423,519,1903,1929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Yapen I.</collectorName>
,
<location id="8E88607EBD2FFF9EFDA6C42FFD31F84E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87B3BD2FFF80FF25C6DFFDF6F8E1:8E88607EBD2FFF9EFDA6C42FFD31F84E" box="[532,666,1903,1929]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-1.73909" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.31322" name="Samber Mt." pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Samber Mt.</location>
along road nr forest on slope (GPS23Pa7);
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFB3EC42FFAAEF84E" box="[1164,1285,1903,1929]" degrees="01.73909" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-1.73909">S01.73909</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFABFC42EFA33F84F" box="[1293,1432,1902,1928]" degrees="136.31322" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="136.31322">E136.31322</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD2FFF9EFF25C4D3FF4BF86A" box="[151,224,1939,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="930.0">
<elevation id="007AD196BD2FFF9EFF25C4D3FF4BF86A" box="[151,224,1939,1965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="930.0">930 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFE91065BD2FFF9EFF59C4D3FECDF86A" box="[235,358,1939,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-23">
<collectingDate id="EFADE98DBD2FFF9EFF59C4D3FECDF86A" box="[235,358,1939,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-23">23.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; TR23-77; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP
</materialsCitation>
•
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD2FFF9EFCF2C4D3FCCEF86A" box="[832,869,1939,1965]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CF8BD2FFF9EFCC2C4D3FEEAF832" collectingDate="2023-09-25" collectorName="Yapen I." country="Indonesia" elevation="167" latitude="-1.8427" location="Mantembu village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.23038" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="26A25373BD2FFF9EFCC2C4D3FC65F86A" box="[880,974,1939,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Yapen I.</collectorName>
,
<location id="8E88607EBD2FFF9EFC6BC4D3FB03F86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87B3BD2FFF80FF25C6DFFDF6F8E1:8E88607EBD2FFF9EFC6BC4D3FB03F86A" box="[985,1192,1939,1965]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-1.8427" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.23038" name="Mantembu village" pageId="12" pageNumber="254">Mantembu village</location>
, secondary area along river (GPS23Pa8);
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFEC3C4F7FE41F816" box="[369,490,1975,2001]" degrees="01.84270" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-1.8427">S01.84270</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD2FFF9EFE40C4F6FDD6F817" box="[498,637,1974,2000]" degrees="136.23038" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="136.23038">E136.23038</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD2FFF9EFD38C4F6FD7EF816" box="[650,725,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="167.0">
<elevation id="007AD196BD2FFF9EFD38C4F6FD7EF816" box="[650,725,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFE91065BD2FFF9EFD50C4F6FCF6F816" box="[738,861,1974,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-25">
<collectingDate id="EFADE98DBD2FFF9EFD50C4F6FCF6F816" box="[738,861,1974,2001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="254" value="2023-09-25">25.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
; TR23-90; night; molecular sample C269; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF28662DBD2EFF9FFF25C4D7FE28F814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14420930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420930/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="255" startId="13.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[213,1373,195,1913]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2EFF9FFF25C4D7FE28F814" blockId="13.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="255">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2EFF9FFF25C4D7FEB8F868" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="255">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2EFF9FFEA8C4D7FD06F868" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[282,685,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2EFF9FFEA8C4D7FDA9F868" box="[282,514,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="255">Cardiodactylus minuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD2EFF9FFDBBC4D7FD06F868" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[521,685,1943,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male (A, B) and female (C, D) habitus in dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF28662DBD2DFF9CFF25C454FB0CF897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14420932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420932/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="256" startId="14.[151,250,1812,1836]" targetBox="[177,1411,194,1778]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2DFF9CFF25C454FB0CF897" blockId="14.[151,1436,1812,1873]" pageId="14" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2DFF9CFF25C454FE88F8EB" bold="true" box="[151,291,1812,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="256">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2DFF9CFE9EC454FD6DF8EB" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[300,710,1812,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2DFF9CFE9EC454FDBDF8EB" box="[300,534,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="256">Cardiodactylus minuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD2DFF9CFD92C454FD6DF8EB" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[544,710,1812,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="256" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
calling song: oscillogram of a series of calling songs made up of 11 echemes (A), spectrograms of an echeme (B) and a syllable (C), and power spectrum of a syllable (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF28662DBD2CFF9DFF25C791FE00FAC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14420938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420938/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" startId="15.[151,250,1233,1257]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1210]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2CFF9DFF25C791FE00FAC9" blockId="15.[151,1436,1233,1294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFF25C791FEB4FB2E" bold="true" box="[151,287,1233,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2CFF9DFE97C792FD13FB2D" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[293,696,1234,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFE97C792FDA6FB2E" box="[293,525,1234,1258]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Cardiodactylus minuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD2CFF9DFDA6C792FD13FB2D" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[532,696,1234,1258]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in their natural environment: male (A), female ovipositing (B), a mating pair (C) and a juvenile (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34D652EBD2CFF9DFF75C620FAE3F8C1" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2CFF9DFF75C620FE3FFA21" blockId="15.[151,1437,1376,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFF75C620FE90FABD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1376,1402]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Remarks.</emphasis>
Based on new material, we are able to redescribe the species and describe its calling song. The species is characterized by variation of melanisation, some specimens being almost black, while others are redbrown. Similarities in details of colouration, male genitalia and FW venation led us to consider these differences as intraspecific variation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2CFF9DFF75C6B0FAE3F8C1" blockId="15.[151,1437,1376,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFF75C6B0FED2F9CE" bold="true" box="[199,377,1519,1546]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">New diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2CFF9DFE32C6B0FDDFF9CD" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[384,628,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFE32C6B0FDDFF9CD" box="[384,628,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Cardiodactylus nigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2CFF9DFCF7C6B0FB91F9CD" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1878" box="[837,1082,1520,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFCF7C6B0FB91F9CD" box="[837,1082,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Cardiodactylus pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of general habitus and small size, colouration pattern and male FW venation and the pseudepiphallus having a posterior apex rectangular. However
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2CFF9DFEB4C578FEC3F995" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[262,360,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFEB4C578FEC3F995" box="[262,360,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">C. nigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows the following distinctive characters: (1) the general colouration is more contrasted, dark orange brown to almost black, with a few yellow parts, including a narrow yellow band on lateral field of FWs; (2) the fastigium is yellow and the face has a darker shade of brown (fastigium dark brown and face yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD2CFF9DFA31C5C0FF71F979" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFA31C5C0FF71F979" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">C. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (3) the pronotum dorsal disk has a broader pair of cream-coloured longitudinal bands, (4) the pseudepiphallic parameres with their posterior and anterior lobes of equal size (instead of the anterior one distinctly broader and stouter than the posterior one), (5) the endophallic sclerite is very small and almost not extended anteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D652EBD2CFF83FF75C44FFC4AF899" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="15" pageNumber="257" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD2CFF82FF75C44FFEF1FE16" blockId="15.[151,1437,1376,2014]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,150,465]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD2CFF9DFF75C44FFEDEF8EE" bold="true" box="[199,373,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Redescription.</emphasis>
Size average for species group, general colouration contrasted, mostly dark brown with small areas vivid yellow or cream coloured (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2CFF9DFDFBC474FD0BF889" box="[585,672,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,489,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-175@16.[151,1436,489,1591]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; FW in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420940/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2CFF9DFD1FC474FD67F889" box="[685,716,1844,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-181@17.[151,1436,561,1550]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male habitus in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420944/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">13</figureCitation>
). Head (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD2CFF9DFC99C474FC09F889" box="[811,930,1844,1871]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,525,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-183@9.[151,1436,525,1901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A–C), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (D–F) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (G–I): head and pronotum in dorsal view (A, D, G); face in anterior view (B, E, H); anterior part of body in lateral view (C, F, I). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420913/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="257">Figs 5G–I</figureCitation>
): Dorsum brown with four wide longitudinal black bands, median ones almost fused with one another, punctuated anteriorly to form two dark brown spots; and with faint brown band posterior to eyes. Eyes large and prominent, dark pink in living individuals. Fastigium yellow brown, 1.8 times as wide as scape, its margins yellow. Antennae dark brown with two with rings. Scapes mostly dark brown. Face mostly brown or yellow brown, area between scapes with a black band below median ocellus (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FF45C3D7FED6FF76" box="[247,381,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,525,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-183@9.[151,1436,525,1901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A–C), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (D–F) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (G–I): head and pronotum in dorsal view (A, D, G); face in anterior view (B, E, H); anterior part of body in lateral view (C, F, I). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420913/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Figs 5H, 5I</figureCitation>
). Clypeus brown; labrum mostly cream coloured; maxillary palpi with segments brown with dark brown bands. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FE5BC3FBFDC0FF12" box="[489,619,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,525,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-183@9.[151,1436,525,1901]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A–C), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (D–F) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (G–I): head and pronotum in dorsal view (A, D, G); face in anterior view (B, E, H); anterior part of body in lateral view (C, F, I). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420913/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Figs 5G, 5I</figureCitation>
): Dorsal disk almost rectangular, about twice wider than long, with broad lateral cream-coloured longitudinal bands, median area mottled with dark brown to black patterns anterior margin concave, posterior margin slightly bisinuate; lateral lobes with dorsal margin black, ventral half dark brown with a faint brown patch. Legs dark brown to black, faintly mottled with dark brown; FIII knee and TIII dark brown. FWs exceeding apex of abdomen; dorsal disk generally unicolourous brown; lateral field with just ventrad of Sc having narrow black longitudinal band, ventrad of this is thicker and cream-coloured longitudinal band, ventral half brown to dark brown (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FEF0C2D3FE30FE6A" box="[322,411,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[158,1430,181,1535]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A, B), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (C, D) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (E) male (A, C, E) and female (B, D) FWs in dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420916/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FE15C2D3FE6EFE6A" box="[423,453,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,489,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-175@16.[151,1436,489,1591]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; FW in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420940/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FE62C2D3FE44FE6A" box="[464,495,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-181@17.[151,1436,561,1550]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male habitus in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420944/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">13</figureCitation>
). Hind wings well surpassing FWs; tail
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD33FF82FC1EC2D3FBAFFE6A" box="[940,1028,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
, grey brown. Cerci shorter than hind legs, grey brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF28662DBD33FF82FF25C50EFAD8F9A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14420940" box="[151,1395,1614,1639]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420940/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258" startId="16.[151,250,1614,1638]" targetBox="[151,1412,489,1591]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD33FF82FF25C50EFAD8F9A0" blockId="16.[151,1395,1614,1639]" box="[151,1395,1614,1639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD33FF82FF25C50EFE8BF9A1" bold="true" box="[151,288,1614,1638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD33FF82FE94C50FFD06F9A0" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[294,685,1615,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD33FF82FE94C50FFDA8F9A1" box="[294,515,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Cardiodactylus nigris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD33FF82FDBBC50FFD06F9A0" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[521,685,1615,1639]" pageId="16" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; FW in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD33FF82FF75C5F9FAD2F8A4" blockId="16.[151,1437,1721,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD33FF82FF75C5F9FEA0F914" bold="true" box="[199,267,1721,1747]" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Male.</emphasis>
FW venation (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FE04C5F9FDB9F914" box="[438,530,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox="[185,1403,205,1523]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[158,1430,181,1535]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A, B), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (C, D) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (E) male (A, C, E) and female (B, D) FWs in dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420916/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FD92C5F9FDF8F914" box="[544,595,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[151,1412,489,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-175@16.[151,1436,489,1591]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 male holotype in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; FW in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420940/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">12C</figureCitation>
): CuP absent. 1A straight and transverse, with very faint notch anterior to angle; angle slightly more than 90°. Harp very slender and elongate, with one W-shaped oblique and 1–2 faint anterior ones. Cell c1 very elongated, somewhat sinuated rectangular; c2 large; mirror (d1) very large and broad, inverted-pyriform, slightly shorter than harp, at narrower posterior part divided by one transverse accessory vein, this vein slightly curved; d2 wide, somewhat rectangular, not divided by accessory veins. Sc with 6 projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD33FF83FF75C42DFEB4FE6A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1721,2035]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD33FF82FECAC42DFE5BF840" box="[376,496,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[229,1382,204,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-31@11.[205,1382,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cardiodactylus javarere Otte, 2007a (A–C), Cardiodactylus minuta Bhowmik, 1981 (D–F) and Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 (G–I) male genitalia in dorsal (A, D, G), ventral (B, E, H) and lateral (C, F, I) views. Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420922/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="258">Figs 7G–I</figureCitation>
): Pseudepiphallus narrowed at mid-length, this neck somewhat stout; posterior part forming almost right angle with rest of the sclerite laterally; dorsal part of narrowed posterior part with two thin and narrow ridges forming a very shallow gutter, ridge in lateral view mostly straight to slightly sinuated; posterior apex in dorsal and ventral views rectangular, almost square. Anterior part of pseudepiphallus concave, with two lateral extensions, in lateral view elongated, towards apex slightly curved anteriorly with apex truncated. Rami long and strong, with slender preapical plates and long apical stems slightly convergent. Pseudepiphallic parameres trilobate: posterior and anterior lobes triangular with subacute apices, median lobe broadly rounded, stout and more sclerotized. Ectophallic arc complete, curved posteriorly. Ectophallic apodemes long and slender, reaching anterior end of rami, slightly convergent but at middle subparallel to one another. Endophallic fold with strong lateral sclerites, widened near membranous apex. Endophallic sclerite very small, with small posterior expansion and short roundish latero-ventral arms; endophallic apodeme weakly sclerotized with both short lateral lamellas and small dorsal crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD32FF83FF75C2F7FD89FDDE" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FF75C2F7FE8EFE16" bold="true" box="[199,293,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Female.</emphasis>
FW colouration mostly dark brown, veins typically yellow (
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD32FF83FC5EC2F7FBFDFE16" box="[1004,1110,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1227]" captionTargetId="figure-248@19.[151,1436,197,1227]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 in their natural environment: adult male in dorsal (A) and lateral views (B), female (C) and juvenile (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420952/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal field with 8 strong longitudinal veins. Lateral field with 6 projections of Sc and 4 more ventral veins. Ovipositor slightly shorter than FIII; apex dorsal edges denticulate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF28662DBD32FF83FF25C566FAEDF9FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14420944" box="[151,1350,1574,1598]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420944/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" startId="17.[151,250,1574,1598]" targetBox="[151,1436,561,1550]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD32FF83FF25C566FAEDF9FA" blockId="17.[151,1350,1574,1598]" box="[151,1350,1574,1598]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FF25C566FE8BF9F9" bold="true" box="[151,288,1574,1598]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD32FF83FE94C566FD06F9F9" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[294,685,1574,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FE94C566FDA8F9F9" box="[294,515,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Cardiodactylus nigris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD32FF83FDBBC566FD06F9F9" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[521,685,1574,1598]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
male habitus in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD32FF83FF75C5D0FAC4F909" blockId="17.[151,1437,1680,1995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FF75C5D0FE99F96D" bold="true" box="[199,306,1680,1706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Juvenile.</emphasis>
Early instars with a very characteristic grey colouration with a black transverse stripe on dorsal part of abdomen, this stripe containing a thin line of red; leg dark brown; antennae black with irregular white rings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD32FF83FF75C598FC4AF899" blockId="17.[151,1437,1680,1995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FF75C598FEDDF935" bold="true" box="[199,374,1752,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Measurements</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD32FF83FE35C598FE06F935" box="[391,429,1752,1778]" count="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD32FF83FE0BC598FE76F935" box="[441,477,1752,1778]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; in mm, mean in brackets).
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD32FF83FCA8C599FC99F934" box="[794,818,1753,1779]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
: BL = 16.7–18.3 (17.3), PronL = 2.2–2.5 (2.2), PronW = 3.9–4.4 (4.1), FWL = 12.6–13.9 (13.5), FWW = 3.3–3.7 (3.5), HWT = 6.7–8.4 (7.7), FIIIL = 14.4–16.0 (15.4), FIIIW = 3.0–3.8 (3.5), TIIIL = 14.7–15.3 (15.3) mm.
<specimenCount id="9D51FD2CBD32FF83FD5CC461FCAEF8FC" box="[750,773,1825,1851]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
: BL = 18.2, PronL = 2.6, PronW = 4.2, FWL = 13.9, FWW = 3.6, HWT = 7.9, FIIIL = 15.4, FIIIW = 2.9, TIIIL =
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD32FF83FD46C404FCF0F898" box="[756,859,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="14.1">14.1 mm</quantity>
; OL = 12.6.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D652EBD32FF83FF75C428FDA7F861" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD32FF83FF75C428FDA7F861" blockId="17.[151,1437,1680,1995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CF8BD32FF83FF75C428FDA3F861" collectorName="D. N. Guinea" country="Indonesia" latitude="-3.370506" location="Torcella Mt." longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.7454" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FF75C428FEC2F845" bold="true" box="[199,361,1896,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<typeStatus id="54EC8807BD32FF83FF75C428FEA9F845" box="[199,258,1896,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3407635BD32FF83FEC1C428FDA5F845" box="[371,526,1896,1922]" name="Indonesia" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993F847BD32FF83FDAFC429FD08F844" box="[541,675,1897,1923]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">West Papua</collectingRegion>
(=
<collectorName id="26A25373BD32FF83FD63C429FCD9F845" box="[721,882,1896,1923]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">D. N. Guinea</collectorName>
),
<location id="8E88607EBD32FF83FC3AC428FBB3F844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87B3BD2FFF80FF25C6DFFDF6F8E1:8E88607EBD32FF83FC3AC428FBB3F844" box="[904,1048,1896,1923]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-3.370506" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="142.7454" name="Torcella Mt." pageId="17" pageNumber="259" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Torcella Mt.</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A5A2F87BD32FF83FB95C428FAA2F845" box="[1063,1289,1896,1923]" location="East of Afua" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<quantity id="4CAF9B40BD32FF83FB95C428FBC7F845" box="[1063,1132,1896,1922]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 mi</quantity>
East of Afua
</locationDeviation>
[
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD32FF83FAA8C428FA3CF844" box="[1306,1431,1896,1923]" degrees="3.370506" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" precision="1" value="-3.370506">S3.370506</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE635062BD32FF83FF25C4CCFE9BF860" box="[151,304,1932,1959]" degrees="142.745414" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" precision="1" value="142.7454">E142.745414</geoCoordinate>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD32FF83FEF7C4CCFE54F861" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[325,511,1932,1958]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D652EBD32FF80FF75C4F0FDF6F8E1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="17" pageNumber="259" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD32FF83FF75C4F0FC62F80C" blockId="17.[151,1437,1680,1995]" box="[199,969,1968,1995]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD32FF83FF75C4F0FE7CF80D" bold="true" box="[199,471,1968,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Distribution. Northern</emphasis>
New
<collectingCountry id="F3407635BD32FF83FDA8C4F0FDC5F80D" box="[538,622,1968,1994]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="17" pageNumber="259">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, including Yapen I. and Biak I.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF28662DBD31FF80FF25C6C2FDBFFA25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14420946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420946/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="260" startId="18.[151,250,1410,1434]" targetBox="[159,1428,418,1325]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD31FF80FF25C6C2FDBFFA25" blockId="18.[151,1436,1410,1506]" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD31FF80FF25C6C2FE88FA5D" bold="true" box="[151,291,1410,1434]" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD31FF80FE9FC6C2FD15FA5D" authority="Bhowmik, 1981" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[301,702,1410,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD31FF80FE9FC6C2FDA6FA5D" box="[301,525,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">Cardiodactylus nigris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B54BD31FF80FDA5C6C2FD15FA5D" author="Bhowmik, H. K." box="[535,702,1410,1434]" pageId="18" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref7399" refString="Bhowmik, H. K. (1981) Studies on some Australo-Oriental Gryllidae (Orthoptera) in the collection of British Museum (Natural History), London. Journal of the Zoological Society of India, 32 (1 - 2), 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="1981">Bhowmik, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
calling song: oscillogram of a series of calling songs made up of 12 echemes (A) and an echeme followed by an isolated syllable (B), spectrograms of an echeme (C) and an isolated syllable (D), and power spectrum of a syllable (E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD31FF80FF75C574FA9BF97D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1588,1831]" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD31FF80FF75C574FEF6F988" bold="true" box="[199,349,1588,1615]" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">Calling song</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="136C2A20BD31FF80FEDCC574FE6AF988" box="[366,449,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,418,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-196@18.[151,1436,410,1333]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Cardiodactylus nigris Bhowmik, 1981 calling song: oscillogram of a series of calling songs made up of 12 echemes (A) and an echeme followed by an isolated syllable (B), spectrograms of an echeme (C) and an isolated syllable (D), and power spectrum of a syllable (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14420946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14420946/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). The calling of
<taxonomicName id="4C574D26BD31FF80FD30C575FD4EF989" authorityName="Bhowmik" authorityYear="1981" box="[642,741,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" genus="Cardiodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigris">
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD31FF80FD30C575FD4EF989" box="[642,741,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">C. nigris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
song is composed of short echemes lasting 1.07±0.1 s. Each echeme is made up of 87±6 syllables. The average syllable duration is 5.0±0.3 ms and the syllable period is 7.2±0.1 ms. The frequency spectrum is made up of harmonics, the dominant frequency is 17.90±0.12 kHz, does not correspond to the fundamental harmonic, but to the third harmonic. The fundamental frequency is 6 kHz.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836A5BD31FF80FF75C584FDF6F8E1" blockId="18.[151,1437,1588,1831]" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">
The calling song activity seems to be more intensive during the night. On average, the call length and the number of echemes per call are higher during the night than the day (148.97±56.87 s
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD31FF80FBEAC5A9FBDDF8C5" box="[1112,1142,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">vs.</emphasis>
83.08 ± 39.09 s and 15±5 echemes
<emphasis id="B923EAB7BD31FF80FF4DC44DFEB6F8E1" box="[255,285,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="260">vs.</emphasis>
9±4 echemes, respectively).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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