213 lines
41 KiB
XML
213 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="FA8A84829C905360E428C28BBB872137" ID-CLB-Dataset="224103" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a360f5c7-16da-4c69-afbe-01e6ad032418" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522801" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1673382488781" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R., Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard, Mendes, Mário Miguel & Kvaček, Jiří" docDate="2022" docId="03FD87F2FFD5FFC4FCCFFD81C224FDC2" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.2.341-424.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Endressistemon cateficensis E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="383" masterDocId="FFC4FF8AFFFDFFEEFFBFFFFFC378FFA6" masterDocTitle="The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms" masterLastPageNumber="424" masterPageNumber="341" pageNumber="381" updateTime="1728604091448" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="81529FDE6AD84AF278F243491CAC9BE1">The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C71262E42B1B371C039640D65DE1A99">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE604D8EA1E1344F3D01423430D7990D">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F6017CA4C40F4FD3E3EC963D8B317D3">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06DC9B192E8757DC09EB00CECA160B96">Mendes, Mário Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4647B05FA900B4087409231386F9A97F">Kvaček, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1D0046621B35BC241EA6AB16FB84B09F">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="469F5FC87379B6E86A0FC3364C715A64">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FD87F2FFD5FFC4FCCFFD81C224FDC2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7535285" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208830487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7535285" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFD5FFC4FCCFFD81C224FDC2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87F2FFD5FFC4FCCFFD81C224FDC2" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCFFD81C6E7FD11" blockId="40.[880,1444,638,695]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<heading id="D0A38188FFD5FFC6FCCFFD81C6E7FD11" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD5FFC6FCCFFD81C6E7FD11" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD5FFC6FCCFFD81C63BFD11" authority="E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVACEK" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cateficensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD5FFC6FCCFFD81C7DCFD30" bold="true" box="[880,1188,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Endressistemon cateficensis</emphasis>
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E.M.FRIIS, P.R.CRANE, K.R.PEDERSEN, M.M.MENDES et J.KVAČEK
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFD5FFC6FAF5FD60C6E7FD11" box="[1354,1439,671,695]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC6FB86FD3FC7A4FD7E" box="[1081,1244,704,728]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FB86FD3FC7A4FD7E" blockId="40.[1081,1244,704,728]" box="[1081,1244,704,728]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD5FFC6FB86FD3FC7A4FD7E" box="[1081,1244,704,728]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Text-fig. 28a–g</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC6FCCEFD0FC755FC8E" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFD0FC755FC8E" blockId="40.[843,1482,751,808]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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Holotype. S107778 (Catefica sample 49; figured
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<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD5FFC6FCF4FCEFC758FC8E" box="[843,1056,784,808]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Text-fig. 28a, b, e, f</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC6FCCEFCBFC736FB9F" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFCBFC6B2FCF1" blockId="40.[843,1482,831,888]" box="[881,1482,831,856]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Plant Fossil Names Registry Number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCF4FC9FC7E9FCDE" blockId="40.[843,1482,831,888]" box="[843,1169,864,888]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">PFN002797 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFC6FC757FC6E" blockId="40.[843,1481,911,968]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Paratypes. S107751, S107768, S107769, S266022 (Catefica sample 49).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFC1FC736FB9F" blockId="40.[843,1482,992,1081]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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Repository. Palaeobotanical Collections, Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History,
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<collectingRegion id="4990F806FFD5FFC6FCF4FBDEC0B9FB9F" box="[843,961,1057,1081]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFD5FFC6FC73FBDEC758FB9F" box="[972,1056,1057,1081]" name="Sweden" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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(S).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC6FCCEFBAEC740FB2F" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFBAEC740FB2F" blockId="40.[843,1482,1104,1161]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Etymology. From the Catefica locality where the fossils were collected.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC6FCCEFB5EC78EFAEF" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFB5EC7D1FB5F" blockId="40.[843,1481,1183,1273]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CB9FFD5FFC6FCCEFB5EC7DDFB5F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4013209303" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" location="Catefica" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" specimenCount="1">
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Type locality. Catefica (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE605023FFD5FFC6FB1FFB5FC652FB1E" box="[1184,1322,1183,1208]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" precision="15" seconds="30" value="39.058334">39° 03ʹ30ʺ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE605023FFD5FFC6FA8DFB60C6C5FB1E" box="[1330,1469,1183,1208]" degrees="09" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-9.241667">09°14ʹ 30ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
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), between the villages of
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<location id="8E8B603FFFD5FFC6FBF6FB3EC7D8FB7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87F2FFD5FFC4FCCFFD81C224FDC2:8E8B603FFFD5FFC6FBF6FB3EC7D8FB7F" box="[1097,1184,1217,1241]" country="Portugal" county="Torres Vedras" latitude="39.058334" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="-9.241667" municipality="Mugideira" name="Catefica" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Catefica</location>
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and
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FAC9EFFD5FFC6FB6BFB3EC63EFB7F" box="[1236,1350,1217,1241]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Mugideira</collectingMunicipality>
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, about
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<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD5FFC6FA2CFB3EC6B1FB7F" box="[1427,1481,1217,1241]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
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south of
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<collectingCounty id="628A4E68FFD5FFC6FC17FB1DC745FB5F" box="[936,1085,1249,1273]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Torres Vedras</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3437674FFD5FFC6FBF8FB1EC7DDFB5F" box="[1095,1189,1249,1273]" name="Portugal" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFAEEC78EFAEF" blockId="40.[843,1482,1297,1353]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Type stratum and age. Almargem Formation, Early Cretaceous (Aptian-early Albian).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC6FCCEFA9EC62EFADF" box="[881,1366,1377,1401]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFA9EC62EFADF" blockId="40.[881,1366,1377,1401]" box="[881,1366,1377,1401]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Specific diagnosis.As for the genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E656FFFD5FFC4FCCEFA6EC224FDC2" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFA6EC77BFA6F" blockId="40.[843,1482,1425,1481]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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Dimensions. Stamens up to about
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<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD5FFC6FAABFA6EC61DFA0E" box="[1300,1381,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD5FFC6FCF4FA4EC0E4FA6F" box="[843,924,1457,1481]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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in broad.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC6FCCEFA1EC77EF91D" blockId="40.[843,1482,1505,1919]" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
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Description and remarks. The material includes isolated staminal structures each consisting of two lateral stamens and in some specimens a median axislike structure. The two stamens and axis-like structure are borne on a short, common stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD5FFC6FAB1F99CC6C6F9DD" box="[1294,1470,1635,1659]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Text-fig. 28a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anthers are basifixed, tetrasporangiate and dithecate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD5FFC6FCEDF95CC081F91D" box="[850,1017,1699,1724]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Text-fig. 28a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD5FFC7FCCEF93BC7C5F787" blockId="40.[843,1482,1505,1919]" lastBlockId="41.[820,1459,1865,2081]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="382" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">
|
||
The stamens are up to about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD5FFC6FB15F93BC785F97D" box="[1194,1277,1732,1756]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long including the common stalk and the apical projection, and the anther is about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD5FFC6FC33F8FAC0A4F8BA" box="[908,988,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
broad. The stamen base is short, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD5FFC6FAC6F8FAC6B1F8BA" box="[1401,1481,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD5FFC6FC36F8DAC711F898" box="[905,1129,1829,1854]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Text-fig. 28a, b, d, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apically the two stamens have a prominent peltate to wing-like projection that is coriaceous and sometimes leaf-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD5FFC6FB3CF899C641F8D9" box="[1155,1337,1894,1919]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="381">Text-fig. 28a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFD5FFC6FAE7F898C612F8D9" box="[1368,1386,1895,1919]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="40" pageNumber="381" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
similar projection is also present at the tip of the median axis-like structure in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFD4FFC7FEA8F896C20CF827" box="[279,372,1897,1921]" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD4FFC7FE3BF896C11CF827" box="[388,612,1897,1921]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="382">Text-fig. 28a, b, e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
). In another specimen (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFD4FFC7FF60F876C394F807" box="[223,236,1929,1953]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
107769) the median axis-like structure is seen between the two stamens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD4FFC7FEC0F856C171F867" box="[383,521,1961,1985]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="382">Text-fig. 28c</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the same position as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFD4FFC7FF7AF836C25DF847" box="[197,293,1993,2017]" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but in this specimen the axis-like structure is broken and has no apical projection. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF8846FFD4FFC7FDF0F816C1D4F7A7" box="[591,684,2025,2049]" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
three distinct ribs, which probably reflect the position of vascular bundles, extend from the common stalk into the apical projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD4FFC7FC08F896C723F827" box="[951,1115,1897,1921]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="382">Text-fig. 28b, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is possible that these bundles are in an abaxial position, but the orientation of the staminal structure and which side is adaxial and which side is dorsal is unknown. Dehiscence of the anthers is longitudinal and in dehisced stamens, the anther wall is rolled back indicating valvate dehiscence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136F2A61FFD4FFC7FBB4F7F6C7C8F787" box="[1035,1200,2057,2081]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="45.[125,206,1434,1455]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1415]" captionTargetId="figure-130@45.[122,1443,148,1421]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522859/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="382">Text-fig. 28a, c</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B666CFFD4FFC7FFC2F9DFC647F8A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7522853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7522853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7522853/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" startId="41.[125,206,1568,1589]" targetBox="[126,1440,151,1552]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD4FFC7FFC2F9DFC647F8A4" blockId="41.[125,1440,1568,1794]" pageId="41" pageNumber="382">
|
||
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD4FFC7FB99F9DFC78DF993" authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček, 2022" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen & Mendes & Kvaček" authorityYear="2022" box="[1062,1269,1568,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Calycanthaceae" genus="Elasmostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paisii" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD4FFC7FB99F9DFC78DF993" bold="true" box="[1062,1269,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="382">Elasmostemon paisii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A213578DFFD4FFC7FB42F9DFC6E4F993" box="[1277,1436,1568,1589]" pageId="41" pageNumber="382" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD7FFC4FF19FF68C21FFE97" blockId="42.[128,768,151,305]" pageId="42" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Pollen grains were observed in situ in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D52FD6DFFD7FFC4FD94FF67C1C3FF09" box="[555,699,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="383" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(Textfig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC9B01FFD7FFC4FF0BFF47C3A7FF76" box="[180,223,184,208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="383" unit="g" value="28.0">28g</quantity>
|
||
). They are monocolpate, semitectate-reticulate, circular in equatorial view, 10–11 µm in diameter, with a homobrochate reticulum. The aperture is long, reaching almost to the equator.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEB36E4FFD7FFC4FF19FEB6C224FDC2" blockId="42.[128,768,329,612]" pageId="42" pageNumber="383">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED45AE21FFD7FFC4FF19FEB6C3C1FEC7" box="[166,185,329,353]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="383" type="Herbarium">Affinity</collectionCode>
|
||
and other occurrences. The monocolpate pollen indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD7FFC4FD90FE96C1AFFE27" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[559,727,361,385]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="42" pageNumber="383" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD7FFC4FD90FE96C1AFFE27" box="[559,727,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="383">Endressistemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a non-eudicot, most likely related to the basal grade of early angiosperm lineages (see discussion above). While it is not possible to place the fossils in any extant family or order a relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD7FFC4FE3DFE14C150FDA5" box="[386,552,491,515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chloranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Chloranthales" pageId="42" pageNumber="383" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Chloranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems most likely. Currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C544D67FFD7FFC4FF52FDF4C2EDFD85" authorityName="E. M. FRIIS, P. R. CRANE, K. R. PEDERSEN, M. M. MENDES et J. KVACEK" authorityYear="2022" box="[237,405,523,547]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Endressistemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="42" pageNumber="383" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920EAF6FFD7FFC4FF52FDF4C2EDFD85" box="[237,405,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="383">Endressistemon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only been recovered from the Catefica mesofossil flora, where it is restricted to the basal part of the exposure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |