treatments-xml/data/03/FD/87/03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0.xml

<document id="CE6DE6CFDB8241C51B5A081199C65B41" ID-CLB-Dataset="25861" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="916e8f21-c7e4-4fe1-8393-4a1a89971ed7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3380948" ID-ZooBank="7A7E6A85-B904-4BC2-90A1-8CA19CA86F24" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1567061155624" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato &amp; Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2019" docId="03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4661.3.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4661 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Edwardsia alternobomen Izumi &amp; Fujita 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="542" masterDocId="FFC4FFDDFFC9EF6F9946FB09FF84617B" masterDocTitle="Two species of Edwardsia having gigantic nematocysts, E. aff. tuberculata and E. alternobomen sp. nov. (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Edwardsiidae) from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="533" pageNumber="538" updateTime="1698753065135" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B9C8132540C48B3D8C2130EEB947D81C">Two species of Edwardsia having gigantic nematocysts, E. aff. tuberculata and E. alternobomen sp. nov. (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Edwardsiidae) from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E34AD50EDB40C54FDD587CFD5D32EF3B">Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A79595FBF6FEE660EABB84B0C3A32B07">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2DC97B3F2FD566E3111B24B9D5EFEC65">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E43BA6EC85243647706B1D765D4C197E">2019-08-29</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159318411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<subSubSection id="C34E6538FFCCEF6A99D1FB90FD6061AC" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A99D1FB90FDA861CF" blockId="5.[151,991,153,287]" box="[151,556,153,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<heading id="D0A381DFFFCCEF6A99D1FB90FDA861CF" bold="true" box="[151,556,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A99D1FB90FDA861CF" bold="true" box="[151,556,153,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A99D1FB90FE4361CF" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,455,153,180]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A99D1FB90FE4361CF" bold="true" box="[151,455,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFCCEF6A9888FB93FDA861CF" box="[462,556,154,180]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A99D1FBB7FD6061AC" blockId="5.[151,991,153,287]" box="[151,740,189,216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">New Japanese name: gyorai-mushimodoki-ginchaku</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34E6538FFCCEF6A99D1FBE8FC5B6064" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A99D1FBE8FEE56180" blockId="5.[151,991,153,287]" box="[151,353,225,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A99D1FBE8FF606180" box="[151,228,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A99B7FBE8FE866180" box="[241,258,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,178,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidae of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata and Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–D: cnidae of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata (NSMT-Co 1654). A, tentacle; A1, spirocyst; A2, basitrich. B, actinopharynx; B1, spirocyst; B2, small basitrich; B3, large basitrich; B4, microbasic p-mastigophore. C, nemathybome; C1, small basitrich; C2, large basitrich. D, filament; D1, basitrich; D2, small microbasic b-mastigophore; D3, large microbasic b-mastigophore. E–H: cnidae of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1656). E, tentacle; E1, spirocyst; E2, small basitrich; E3, large basitrich. F, actinopharynx; F1, basitrich; F2, microbasic p-mastigophore. G, nemathybome; G1, small basitrich; G2, large basitrich. H, filament; H1, spirocyst; H2, basitrich. All images are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446497/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">4</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6D60308FFCCEF6A9848FBE8FEE56180" box="[270,353,225,251]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[150,238,512,538]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidom of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata and of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov.. Abbreviations: –, not applicable; n, number of observed cnidae. A–H corresponds to the images of each kind of cnida in Figure 4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" tableUuid="DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<subSubSection id="C34E6538FFCCEF6599D1FA44FEA160F0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A99D1FA44FA896083" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A99D1FA44FE3C6013" bold="true" box="[151,440,333,360]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Material examined. The</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3C3CEEFFCCEF6A98F9FA44FA8C6083" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2366589190" collectingDate="2014-06-24" collectorName="Takato Izumi &amp; Naoto Jimi" county="Kumamoto Prefecture" elevation="1" latitude="32.39417" location="Hokabira-coast" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="130.4225" municipality="Amakusa Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EF8811FFCCEF6A98F9FA44FDA1601C" box="[447,549,333,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: NSMT-Co 1657, dissected specimen, histological sections (7 slides), and prepared cnidae (5 slides), 
<date id="FFEA1073FFCCEF6A98E2FA78FDBE60F0" box="[420,570,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE99BFFCCEF6A98E2FA78FDBE60F0" box="[420,570,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">October 13th</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<location id="8E8B6068FFCCEF6A9B01FA78FD7160F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0:8E8B6068FFCCEF6A9B01FA78FD7160F0" box="[583,757,369,395]" county="Kumamoto Prefecture" latitude="32.39417" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="130.4225" municipality="Amakusa Islands" name="Hokabira-coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Hokabira-coast</location>
, 
<location id="8E8B6068FFCCEF6A9A46FA78FC4E60F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD87A5FFCCEF6599D1FB90FEA160F0:8E8B6068FFCCEF6A9A46FA78FC4E60F0" box="[768,970,369,395]" county="Kumamoto Prefecture" latitude="32.39417" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="130.4225" municipality="Amakusa Islands" name="Hinoshima Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Hinoshima Island</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8FACC9FFCCEF6A9A92FA78FB1C60F0" box="[980,1176,369,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Amakusa Islands</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="628A4E3FFFCCEF6A9DE2FA7BFA1860F0" box="[1188,1436,369,396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Kumamoto Prefecture</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE605074FFCCEF6A99D9FA9CFEAC60CB" box="[159,296,405,432]" degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" precision="15" seconds="39" value="32.39417">32°23′39″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE605074FFCCEF6A9875FA9CFE4260CB" box="[307,454,405,432]" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" precision="15" seconds="21" value="130.4225">130°25′21″E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9897FA9CFDA160D4" box="[465,549,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1680,1705]" captionTargetBox="[152,1429,913,1654]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,913,1661]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sampling localities. A: Edwardsia aff. tuberculata; B: E. alternobomen sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446481/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), 
<elevation id="0079D180FFCCEF6A9B7CFA9CFD2F60D4" box="[570,683,405,432]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="m" value="1.0">
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9B7CFA9CFDE060CB" box="[570,612,405,432]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by 
<collectorName id="26A15365FFCCEF6A9A04FA9CFC5D60D4" box="[834,985,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Takato Izumi</collectorName>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D52FD3AFFCCEF6A9AA5FA9CFBE360CB" box="[995,1127,405,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
: NSMT-Co 1656, histologi- cal sections (3 slides), and prepared cnidae (5 slides), 
<date id="FFEA1073FFCCEF6A9BAFFAB3FC1860A8" box="[745,924,441,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" value="2014-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFAEE99BFFCCEF6A9BAFFAB3FC1860A8" box="[745,924,441,468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" value="2014-06-24">June 24th, 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, same locality as holotype, collected by 
<collectorName id="26A15365FFCCEF6A9C1EFAB3FF4F608C" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Naoto Jimi</collectorName>
; NSMT-Co 1658, 1659, dissected specimen, same date, locality and collecter as NSMT-Co 1657
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A9981F908FB2E6224" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9981F908FE166367" bold="true" box="[199,402,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">External anatomy.</emphasis>
Column cylinder-like, both in living and preserved specimens, wrinkled by huge nemathybomes, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A99D1F92CFE8F633B" box="[151,267,549,576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 mm</quantity>
in whole length (
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A988EF92CFD91633B" box="[456,533,549,576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
in NSMT-Co 1657 [
<typeStatus id="54EF8811FFCCEF6A9BB5F92CFCD3633B" box="[755,855,549,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
]), and 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9AD9F92CFC7C633B" box="[927,1016,549,576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
in width (
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9D2EF92CFB22633B" box="[1128,1190,549,576]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in NSMT-Co 1657) in expanded specimens, (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A98CDF940FE666318" box="[395,482,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Body divided into capitulum, scapus and physa (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9D4FF940FBE46318" box="[1033,1120,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Scapus covered with bright orange periderm. Nemathybomes of two types: huge, up to 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9A5EF964FCEE63F3" box="[792,874,621,648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, protruding like papillae, and small, less than 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A998AF998FEA563D7" box="[204,289,657,684]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
in diameter, covered by periderm. Nemathybomes queued in eight-rows: four rows of larger ones and four rows of smaller ones arranged alternately: all larger nemathybomes in four rows, and never in the other four rows (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9C78F9BCFA0B63B4" box="[1342,1423,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A986CF9D3FE456388" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[298,449,729,755]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A986CF9D3FE456388" box="[298,449,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, large nemathybomes sparse in each row. Aboral physa differentiated from scapus, naked, a little rounded, without nemathybomes (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9B71F9F4FD08626C" box="[567,652,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Tentacles transparent with a row of white patches and two rows of winered tiny patches on surface, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A98F8F828FD966247" box="[446,530,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2-4 mm</quantity>
in length, 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9BC4F828FD3C6240" box="[642,696,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
number, in two cycles of six tentacles each (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9DD6F828FB676240" box="[1168,1251,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Oral disk 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9C18F828FA186247" box="[1374,1436,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter, light in color, with wine red circle, and pale white rhomb only on dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9D0DF84CFB1A6224" box="[1099,1182,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A9981F860FC276423" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9981F860FE1262FF" bold="true" box="[199,406,873,900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
Eight perfect mesenteries, macrocnemes, distributed along whole body from distal to proximal end. Paired dorsal and ventral directives plus four lateral, unpaired mesenteries (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9D21F884FB6962D3" box="[1127,1261,909,936]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figs. 3F, H</figureCitation>
). Four tiny microcnemes, one of the fewest in 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9B53F8B8FD3462B0" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1881" box="[533,688,945,971]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Edwardsiidae</taxonomicName>
, each without muscles, limited only to distal-most column. Two microcnemes between dorso- and ventro-lateral mesenteries and two between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. One tentacle in each end- or exo- coel. All macrocnemic mesenteries bear retractor and parietal muscles. Retractor muscle of each lateral mesentery faces ventrally (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9A72FF14FC0D654C" box="[820,905,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Each retractor muscle distinctly developed as pennon, restricted to filament side; with 15–20 multiply branched muscular processes next to actinopharynx, and with 10–15 multiply branched muscular processes in lower part (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9A32FF6CFC4B6504" box="[884,975,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
). Parietal muscles of macrocnemes comparatively distinct, semi-elliptic or triangular shape with 3–4 slightly branched muscular processes in each side (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9C29FF80FF3E65BC" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Actinopharynx very short, grooved, with no distinct siphonoglyph. Tentacular longitudal muscle ectodermal but indistinct. Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9AD4FFD8FC6F6590" box="[914,1003,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Mesoglea generally thin in mesenteries, and comparatively thick in body wall (Fig, 3F, H). Larger nemathybomes, however, far thicker than mesoglea, greatly protruding from the body wall and containing very large basitrichs (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9AAEFE10FBD6644F" box="[1000,1106,1305,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3F, I</figureCitation>
). Dioecious: gonads between retractor muscle and filaments; oocytes in gonads of NSMT-Co 1656.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A9981FE68FB1164E4" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9981FE68FEB26407" bold="true" box="[199,310,1377,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Cnidome.</emphasis>
Spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9BAAFE6BFD7E6400" box="[748,762,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">p</emphasis>
-mastigophores (
<tableCitation id="C6D60308FFCCEF6A9AF0FE68FB8F6400" box="[950,1035,1377,1403]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[150,238,512,538]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Cnidom of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata and of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov.. Abbreviations: –, not applicable; n, number of observed cnidae. A–H corresponds to the images of each kind of cnida in Figure 4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" tableUuid="DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFCCEF6A9D5FFE68FBDF6400" box="[1049,1115,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1449,1474]" captionTargetBox="[153,1429,178,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,174,1429]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cnidae of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata and Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–D: cnidae of Edwardsia aff. tuberculata (NSMT-Co 1654). A, tentacle; A1, spirocyst; A2, basitrich. B, actinopharynx; B1, spirocyst; B2, small basitrich; B3, large basitrich; B4, microbasic p-mastigophore. C, nemathybome; C1, small basitrich; C2, large basitrich. D, filament; D1, basitrich; D2, small microbasic b-mastigophore; D3, large microbasic b-mastigophore. E–H: cnidae of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1656). E, tentacle; E1, spirocyst; E2, small basitrich; E3, large basitrich. F, actinopharynx; F1, basitrich; F2, microbasic p-mastigophore. G, nemathybome; G1, small basitrich; G2, large basitrich. H, filament; H1, spirocyst; H2, basitrich. All images are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446497/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
E–H; NSMT-Co 1656 [
<typeStatus id="54EF8811FFCCEF6A9C26FE6BFF4A64DB" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
]). Two sizes of basitrichs in actinopharynx; three sizes of basitrichs in nemathybomes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A9981FEA3FC02649C" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9981FEA3FED664BF" bold="true" box="[199,338,1450,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Etymology:</emphasis>
the specific epithet consists of alterno (alternately in Latin) and bomen (meaning nemathybome). This name is derived from the alternately arranged nemathybomes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A9981FEF8FAA26754" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9981FEF8FDAD6777" bold="true" box="[199,553,1521,1548]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Deriviation of Japanese name</emphasis>
. “Gyorai” in Japanese means torpedoes. This name derives from the elongated shape of large nemathybomes, which contain nemathybomes densely arrayed like torpedoes in a hanger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCCEF6A9981FD33FB2366A4" blockId="5.[151,1437,333,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9981FD33FEBF672F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1594,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species has two characteristic features: 12 tentacles and huge basitrichs reaching 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9C62FD30FAF9672F" box="[1316,1405,1593,1620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
in length. There are a few 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A98E6FD54FD9C670C" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1842" box="[416,536,1629,1655]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A98E6FD54FD9C670C" box="[416,536,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Edwardsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that have only 12 tentacles: 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9AE9FD57FB7C670C" authority="Danielessen, 1890" authorityName="Danielessen" authorityYear="1890" box="[943,1272,1629,1655]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andresi">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9AE9FD57FBA5670C" box="[943,1057,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. andresi</emphasis>
Danielessen, 1890
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9C44FD57FECC67E0" authority="Car" authorityName="Car" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="duodecemtentaculala">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9C44FD57FE9167E0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. duodecemtentaculala</emphasis>
Car
</taxonomicName>
1gren, 1931, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A989FFD8BFC8E67E0" authority="Danielessen, 1890" authorityName="Danielessen" authorityYear="1890" box="[473,778,1665,1692]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A989FFD8BFDB767E7" box="[473,563,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. fusca</emphasis>
Danielessen, 1890
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9A53FD8BFB4167E0" authority="Seshaiya and Cuttress, 1969" authorityName="Seshaiya and Cuttress" authorityYear="1969" box="[789,1221,1665,1691]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jonesii">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9A53FD8BFCFB67E0" box="[789,895,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. jonesii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFCCEF6A9AC0FD88FB4167E0" author="Seshaiya, R. V. &amp; Cuttress C. E." box="[902,1221,1665,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" pagination="73 - 77" refId="ref7086" refString="Seshaiya, R. V. &amp; Cuttress C. E. (1969) Edwardsia jonesii n. sp. (Actiniaria. Edwardsiidae) from Porto Novo, S. India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 11, 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="1969">Seshaiya and Cuttress, 1969</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9C46FD8BFE0C67C4" authority="Daly and Ljubenkov, 2008" authorityName="Daly and Ljubenkov" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9C46FD8BFADB67E0" box="[1280,1375,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. juliae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFCCEF6A9C20FD88FE0C67C4" author="Daly, M. &amp; Ljubenkov, J. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="538" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref6180" refString="Daly, M. &amp; Ljubenkov, J. C. (2008) Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa, 1860, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1860.1. 1" type="journal article" year="2008">Daly and Ljubenkov, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A98D5FDACFD2A67C4" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[403,686,1701,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A98D5FDACFD2A67C4" box="[403,686,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from the former three species by the arrangement of nemathybomes: it has rows of nemathybomes whereas the nemathybomes of 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9D18FDC3FF77667C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9D18FDC3FB506798" authorityName="Danielessen" authorityYear="1890" box="[1118,1236,1737,1763]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="andresi">E. andresi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9D99FDC3FF77667C" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="duodecemlentaculata">E. duodecemlentaculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A986CFDE7FE006673" authorityName="Danielessen" authorityYear="1890" box="[298,388,1774,1800]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A986CFDE7FE006673" box="[298,388,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are scattered (see 
<collectingCountry id="F3437623FFCCEF6A9B15FDE4FD30667C" box="[595,692,1773,1799]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">England</collectingCountry>
. 1987). Concerning the other two species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9DD4FDE7FAC9667C" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1170,1357,1773,1799]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9DD4FDE7FAC9667C" box="[1170,1357,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9834FC1BFE596650" authorityName="Seshaiya and Cuttress" authorityYear="1969" box="[370,477,1810,1835]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jonesii">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9834FC1BFE596650" box="[370,477,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. jonesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having extremely large nemathybomes and no nemathybomes in two rows: nemathybomes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A986AFC3FFE1C6634" authorityName="Seshaiya and Cuttress" authorityYear="1969" box="[300,408,1846,1871]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jonesii">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A986AFC3FFE1C6634" box="[300,408,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. jonesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very small and sometimes become double rows in mid scapus (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFCCEF6A9DDDFC3CFF57660F" author="Seshaiya, R. V. &amp; Cuttress C. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="538" pagination="73 - 77" refId="ref7086" refString="Seshaiya, R. V. &amp; Cuttress C. E. (1969) Edwardsia jonesii n. sp. (Actiniaria. Edwardsiidae) from Porto Novo, S. India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 11, 73 - 77." type="journal article" year="1969">Seshaiya and Cuttress, 1969</bibRefCitation>
), and can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9B06FC53FD1B6608" authorityName="Daly and Ljubenkov" authorityYear="2008" box="[576,671,1881,1907]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9B06FC53FD1B6608" box="[576,671,1881,1907]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having two cycle of slender tentacles, whereas the tentacles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9CC2FC53FF5366EC" authorityName="Daly and Ljubenkov" authorityYear="2008" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliae">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9CC2FC53FF5366EC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. juliae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are blunt and in a single cycle (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFCCEF6A9B72FC74FCE666EC" author="Daly, M. &amp; Ljubenkov, J. C." box="[564,866,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref6180" refString="Daly, M. &amp; Ljubenkov, J. C. (2008) Edwardsiid sea anemones of California (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Zootaxa, 1860, 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1860.1. 1" type="journal article" year="2008">Daly and Ljubenkov, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9ABCFC77FB3066EC" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1018,1204,1917,1943]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9ABCFC77FB3066EC" box="[1018,1204,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from all species mentioned above by its huge basitrichs, which reach 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFCCEF6A9AF5FCA8FB8866C7" box="[947,1036,1953,1980]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
in length. The maximum length of basitrichs in the nemathybomes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9B58FCCFFD5D66A4" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[542,729,1989,2015]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCCEF6A9B58FCCFFD5D66A4" box="[542,729,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the longest reported for 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCCEF6A9D41FCCCFB2766A4" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1881" box="[1031,1187,1989,2015]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Edwardsiidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B663BFFCFEF6999D1FDBCFF546696" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="539" startId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" targetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCFEF6999D1FDBCFF546696" blockId="6.[151,1437,1717,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF6999D1FDBCFBF667B5" bold="true" box="[151,1138,1717,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">
FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCFEF699B9CFDBCFC6667B5" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[730,994,1717,1742]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="6" pageNumber="539" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699B9CFDBCFC6667B5" bold="true" box="[730,994,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFCFEF699AAFFDBFFBBF67B5" box="[1001,1083,1718,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–C
</emphasis>
, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF69980FFDD0FEDF6789" bold="true" box="[329,347,1753,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">A</emphasis>
. anesthetized specimen. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699B1DFDD3FDE86789" bold="true" box="[603,620,1754,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">B</emphasis>
. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699896FDF7FE7D666D" bold="true" box="[464,505,1790,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">D–I</emphasis>
, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699C62FDF7FAB2666D" bold="true" box="[1316,1334,1790,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">D</emphasis>
. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF6998A5FC2BFE706641" bold="true" box="[483,500,1826,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">E</emphasis>
. Transverse section of mesenteries. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699A21FC2BFCF26641" bold="true" box="[871,886,1826,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">F</emphasis>
. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF69987BFC4CFED56625" bold="true" box="[317,337,1861,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">G</emphasis>
. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699A7BFC4FFCCA6625" bold="true" box="[829,846,1862,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">E</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699A25FC4FFCF36625" bold="true" box="[867,887,1862,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">H</emphasis>
. Transverse section of lower part. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699D91FC4FFB636625" bold="true" box="[1239,1255,1862,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">I.</emphasis>
Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699DC8FCB8FB2466B1" bold="true" box="[1166,1184,1969,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">A</emphasis>
, 1 mm in 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF699C56FCBBFAA566B1" bold="true" box="[1296,1313,1970,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">B</emphasis>
, 500 µm in 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCFEF6999D1FCDCFF4E6695" bold="true" box="[151,202,2005,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="539">C–H</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345" ID-Table-UUID="DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B663BFFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" targetBox="[164,1934,593,1647]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCEEF6899D0F909FA796345" blockId="7.[150,1533,512,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF6899D0F909FB066361" bold="true" box="[150,1154,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
TABLE 1. Cnidom of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCEEF6898C9F909FD316361" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[399,693,512,538]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF6898C9F909FD806361" bold="true" box="[399,516,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Edwardsia</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF689B71F909FD316361" bold="true" box="[567,693,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCEEF689A4DF909FB9B6361" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[779,1055,512,538]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF689A4DF909FB9B6361" bold="true" box="[779,1055,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFCEEF689D60F909FBF26361" box="[1062,1142,512,538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
..
</emphasis>
Abbreviations: –, not applicable; n, number of observed cnidae. A–H corresponds to the images of each kind of cnida in Figure 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCEEF689B74F958F8F96730" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<table id="F954C413FFCE109099E2F958F80A6714" box="[164,1934,593,1647]" gridcols="6" gridrows="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F958F80A6311" box="[164,1934,593,618]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F958F80A6311" box="[164,1934,593,618]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFCEEF689B74F958FCA46311" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[562,800,593,618]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF689B74F958FCA46311" bold="true" box="[562,800,593,618]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Edwardsia tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F988F80A63E1" box="[164,1934,641,666]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F988FEE463E1" box="[164,352,641,666]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(specimen)</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909B74F988FC5463E1" box="[562,976,641,666]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">NSMT-Co 1654</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F9B8F80A63B1" box="[164,1934,689,714]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5F9B8FC5463B1" box="[659,976,689,714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Length × Width (µm)</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BF9B8FA1963B1" box="[1309,1437,689,714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Mean</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DF9B8F94F63B1" box="[1611,1739,689,714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">SD</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33F9B8F80A63B1" box="[1909,1934,689,714]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">n</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F9E8F80A6381" box="[164,1934,737,762]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F9E8FEE46381" box="[164,352,737,762]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Tentacle</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F818F80A6251" box="[164,1934,785,810]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F818FEE46251" box="[164,352,785,810]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Spirocysts</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909B74F818FDC06251" box="[562,580,785,810]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">A</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5F818FC546251" box="[659,976,785,810]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">9.1–20.8 × 1.9–3.7</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BF818FA196251" box="[1309,1437,785,810]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">14.5 × 2.5</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DF818F94F6251" box="[1611,1739,785,810]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">2.31 × 0.34</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33F818F80A6251" box="[1909,1934,785,810]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">65</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F848F80A6221" box="[164,1934,833,858]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F848FEE46221" box="[164,352,833,858]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5F848FC546221" box="[659,976,833,858]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">20.1–31.2 × 2.8–4.9</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BF848FA196221" box="[1309,1437,833,858]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">27.1 × 3.6</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DF848F94F6221" box="[1611,1739,833,858]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">2.07 × 0.50</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33F848F80A6221" box="[1909,1934,833,858]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F8A9F80A62C2" box="[164,1934,928,953]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F8A9FEE462C2" box="[164,352,928,953]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Actinopharynx</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2F8D9F80A6292" box="[164,1934,976,1001]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2F8D9FEE46292" box="[164,352,976,1001]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Spirocysts</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909B74F8D9FDC06292" box="[562,580,976,1001]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">B</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5F8D9FC546292" box="[659,976,976,1001]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">15.5–20.2 × 2.4–3.6</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BF8D9FA196292" box="[1309,1437,976,1001]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">18.3 × 2.9</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DF8D9F94F6292" box="[1611,1739,976,1001]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">1.74 × 0.45</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33F8D9F80A6292" box="[1909,1934,976,1001]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FF09F80A6562" box="[164,1934,1024,1049]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FF09FEE46562" box="[164,352,1024,1049]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FF09FC546562" box="[659,976,1024,1049]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(small) 15.7–20.8 × 1.8–2.9</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFF09FA196562" box="[1309,1437,1024,1049]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">18.0 × 2.3</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFF09F94F6562" box="[1611,1739,1024,1049]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">1.16 × 0.28</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FF09F80A6562" box="[1909,1934,1024,1049]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FF39F80A6532" box="[164,1934,1072,1097]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FF39FC546532" box="[659,976,1072,1097]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(large) 28.5–36.8 × 2.7–5.0</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFF39FA196532" box="[1309,1437,1072,1097]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">32.7 × 3.6</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFF39F94F6532" box="[1611,1739,1072,1097]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">2.03 × 0.47</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FF39F80A6532" box="[1909,1934,1072,1097]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FF56F80A65E7" box="[164,1934,1119,1180]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FF56FEE465E7" box="[164,352,1119,1180]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF6899F2FF8AFF4565E7" box="[180,193,1155,1180]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">p</emphasis>
–mastigophores
</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FF56FC5465E7" box="[659,976,1119,1180]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">20.7–28.8 × 4.2–7.4</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFF56FA1965E7" box="[1309,1437,1119,1180]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">24.9 × 6.0</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFF56F94F65E7" box="[1611,1739,1119,1180]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">1.92× 0.64</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FF56F80A65E7" box="[1909,1934,1119,1180]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">31</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FFBAF80A65B7" box="[164,1934,1203,1228]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FFBAFEE465B7" box="[164,352,1203,1228]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Nemathybome</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FFEAF80A6587" box="[164,1934,1251,1276]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FFEAFEE46587" box="[164,352,1251,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909B74FFEAFDC06587" box="[562,580,1251,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">C</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FFEAFC546587" box="[659,976,1251,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(small) 77.1–99.1 × 2.9–4.8</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFFEAFA196587" box="[1309,1437,1251,1276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">89.1 × 3.7</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFFEAF94F6587" box="[1611,1739,1251,1276]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">7.61 × 0.76</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FFEAF80A6587" box="[1909,1934,1251,1276]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FE1AF80A6457" box="[164,1934,1299,1324]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FE1AFC546457" box="[659,976,1299,1324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(large) 116.1–187.1 × 4.8–9.0</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFE1AFA196457" box="[1309,1437,1299,1324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">141.8 × 6.4</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFE1AF94F6457" box="[1611,1739,1299,1324]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">13.49 × 0.71</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FE1AF80A6457" box="[1909,1934,1299,1324]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FE4AF80A6427" box="[164,1934,1347,1372]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FE4AFEE46427" box="[164,352,1347,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Filament</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FE7BF80A64F0" box="[164,1934,1394,1419]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FE7BFEE464F0" box="[164,352,1394,1419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Spirocysts</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909B74FE7BFDC064F0" box="[562,580,1394,1419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">D</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FE7BFC5464F0" box="[659,976,1394,1419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">not observed</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFE7BFA1964F0" box="[1309,1437,1394,1419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">-</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFE7BF94F64F0" box="[1611,1739,1394,1419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">-</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FE7BF80A64F0" box="[1909,1934,1394,1419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FEABF80A64C0" box="[164,1934,1442,1467]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FEABFEE464C0" box="[164,352,1442,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Basitrichs</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FEABFC5464C0" box="[659,976,1442,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">small 31.29–43.01 × 3.48–5.43</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFEABFA1964C0" box="[1309,1437,1442,1467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">37.17 × 4.37</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFEABF94F64C0" box="[1611,1739,1442,1467]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">2.90 × 0.36</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FEABF80A64C0" box="[1909,1934,1442,1467]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FEDBF80A6490" box="[164,1934,1490,1515]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FEDBFEE46490" box="[164,352,1490,1515]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">Microbasic</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FEDBFC546490" box="[659,976,1490,1515]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(small) 9.1–12.2 × 2.6–3.6</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFEDBFA196490" box="[1309,1437,1490,1515]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">10.6 × 3.1</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFEDBF94F6490" box="[1611,1739,1490,1515]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">0.69 × 0.21</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FEDBF80A6490" box="[1909,1934,1490,1515]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FEFFF80A6760" box="[164,1934,1526,1563]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FEFFFEE46760" box="[164,352,1526,1563]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF6899F2FEFFFF456774" box="[180,193,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores
</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FEFFFC546760" box="[659,976,1526,1563]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">(large) 21.6–32.5 × 3.6–5.3</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFEFFFA196760" box="[1309,1437,1526,1563]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">26.5 × 4.4</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFEFFF94F6760" box="[1611,1739,1526,1563]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">2.70 × 0.44</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FEFFF80A6760" box="[1909,1934,1526,1563]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFCE109099E2FD3BF80A6714" box="[164,1934,1586,1647]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFCE109099E2FD3BFEE46714" box="[164,352,1586,1647]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
Microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFCEEF6899F2FD5FFF456714" box="[180,193,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">p</emphasis>
-mastigophores
</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909BD5FD3BFC546714" box="[659,976,1586,1647]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">not observed</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909C5BFD3BFA196714" box="[1309,1437,1586,1647]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">-</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909F0DFD3BF94F6714" box="[1611,1739,1586,1647]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">-</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFCE10909E33FD3BF80A6714" box="[1909,1934,1586,1647]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFCEEF689FEDFD8FF86667E4" blockId="7.[1707,2018,1670,1695]" box="[1707,2018,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="540">
<tableNote id="76B2373DFFCEEF689FEDFD8FF86667E4" box="[1707,2018,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" targetBox="[164,1934,593,1647]" targetPageId="7">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B663BFFC1EF6799D0F977FE0963EC" ID-Table-UUID="DF2B663BFFC1EF6799D0F977FE0963EC" box="[150,397,638,663]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2B663BFFC1EF6799D0F977FE0963EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="541" targetBox="[150,1987,685,1571]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFC1EF6799D0F977FE0963EC" blockId="8.[150,397,638,663]" box="[150,397,638,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">TABLE 1. (Continued)</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFC1EF6799D0F9A4F8476760" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<table id="F954C413FFC1109099D0F9A4F8476758" box="[150,1987,685,1571]" gridcols="9" gridrows="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0F9A4F84763BD" box="[150,1987,685,710]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="541" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFC1109099D0F9A4FE7E63BD" box="[150,506,685,710]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC1EF6799D0F9A4FE7763BD" bold="true" box="[150,499,685,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC1EF6799D0F9A4FE1963BD" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[150,413,685,710]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="541" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC1EF6799D0F9A4FE1963BD" bold="true" box="[150,413,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC1EF6798E5F9A4FE7763BD" box="[419,499,685,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0F9D4F847638D" box="[150,1987,733,758]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="541" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="76B55D8DFFC1109099D0F9D4FE7E638D" box="[150,506,733,758]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype)</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909D60F9D4FAD2638D" box="[1062,1366,733,758]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0F80CF847625D" box="[150,1987,773,806]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909991F80CFE7E625D" box="[215,506,773,806]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">Length × Width (µm)</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909B18F80CFD56625D" box="[606,722,773,806]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">Mean</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909A5AF80CFC11625D" box="[796,917,773,806]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">SD</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909AAEF80CFB85625D" box="[1000,1025,773,806]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">n</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909D60F80CFAD2625D" box="[1062,1366,773,806]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">Length × Width (µm)</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F40F80CF9FE625D" box="[1542,1658,773,806]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">Mean</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F95F80CF8D7625D" box="[1747,1875,773,806]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">SD</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909EECF80CF847625D" box="[1962,1987,773,806]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">n</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0F86CF847629E" box="[150,1987,869,997]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<th id="76B55D8DFFC1109099D0F86CFF2C629E" box="[150,168,869,997]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">E</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909991F86CFE7E629E" box="[215,506,869,997]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">9.4–17.9 × 2.3–4.8 (small) 12.8–20.8 × 2.6–3.7 (large) 26.0–38.0 × 3.1–4.8</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909B18F86CFD56629E" box="[606,722,869,997]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">13.9 × 3.4 17.8× 3.0 32.6 × 3.9</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909A5AF86CFC11629E" box="[796,917,869,997]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">1.82 × 0.42 2.45 × 0.26 2.8 × 0.37</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909AAEF86CFB85629E" box="[1000,1025,869,997]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">53 12 32</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909D60F86CFAD2629E" box="[1062,1366,869,997]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">9.5–14.3 × 2.0–3.3 (small) 13.1–19.1 × 1.9–2.9 (large) 24.6–35.3 × 3.8–4.6</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F40F86CF9FE629E" box="[1542,1658,869,997]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">12.2 × 2.7 15.9× 2.5 29.5 × 3.8</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F95F86CF8D7629E" box="[1747,1875,869,997]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">1.27 × 0.41 1.52 × 0.28 3.80 × 0.28</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909EECF86CF847629E" box="[1962,1987,869,997]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">18 24 4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0FF2DF84765DF" box="[150,1987,1060,1188]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<th id="76B55D8DFFC1109099D0FF2DFF2C65DF" box="[150,168,1060,1188]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">F</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909991FF2DFE7E65DF" box="[215,506,1060,1188]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">not observed 13.2–38.3 × 2.6–4.5 22.6–33.3 × 4.6–6.8</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909B18FF2DFD5665DF" box="[606,722,1060,1188]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 29.4 × 3.6 27.0 × 5.9</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909A5AFF2DFC1165DF" box="[796,917,1060,1188]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 6.14 × 0.47 3.05 × 0.48</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909AAEFF2DFB8565DF" box="[1000,1025,1060,1188]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 48 19</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909D60FF2DFAD265DF" box="[1062,1366,1060,1188]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">not observed 12.0–26.3 × 2.0–3.9 19.0–25.0 × 5.0–8.1</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F40FF2DF9FE65DF" box="[1542,1658,1060,1188]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 17.9 × 2.8 22.1 × 6.3</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F95FF2DF8D765DF" box="[1747,1875,1060,1188]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 4.93 × 0.46 1.75 × 0.82</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909EECFF2DF84765DF" box="[1962,1987,1060,1188]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 29 29</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0FFEAF847644F" box="[150,1987,1251,1332]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<th id="76B55D8DFFC1109099D0FFEAFF2C644F" box="[150,168,1251,1332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">G</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909991FFEAFE7E644F" box="[215,506,1251,1332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">(small) 19.1–30.7 × 3.7–5.5 (large) 70.3–202.6 × 5.1–8.4</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909B18FFEAFD56644F" box="[606,722,1251,1332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">25.3× 4.4 143.1 × 6.8</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909A5AFFEAFC11644F" box="[796,917,1251,1332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">4.74 × 0.80 27.58× 0.72</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909AAEFFEAFB85644F" box="[1000,1025,1251,1332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">3 69</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909D60FFEAFAD2644F" box="[1062,1366,1251,1332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">(small) 17.4–67.4 × 2.4–3.8 (large) 82.4–195.2 × 5.5–8.6</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F40FFEAF9FE644F" box="[1542,1658,1251,1332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">53.2 × 3.1 169.1 × 7.3</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F95FFEAF8D7644F" box="[1747,1875,1251,1332]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">12.64 × 0.43 29.28 × 0.90</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909EECFFEAF847644F" box="[1962,1987,1251,1332]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">12 16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356434F1FFC1109099D0FE7AF8476758" box="[150,1987,1395,1571]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">
<th id="76B55D8DFFC1109099D0FE7AFF2C6758" box="[150,168,1395,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">H</th>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909991FE7AFE7E6758" box="[215,506,1395,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">12.1–15.5 × 3.2–4.5 12.0–26.3 × 2.4–4.6 not observed not observed</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909B18FE7AFD566758" box="[606,722,1395,1571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">13.9× 3.7 17.4× 3.6 - -</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909A5AFE7AFC116758" box="[796,917,1395,1571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">1.23× 0.41 3.22× 0.47 - -</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909AAEFE7AFB856758" box="[1000,1025,1395,1571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">8 49 - -</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909D60FE7AFAD26758" box="[1062,1366,1395,1571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">not observed 15.6–25.9 × 2.8–4.5 not observed 17.5-24.6 × 4.1-6.9</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F40FE7AF9FE6758" box="[1542,1658,1395,1571]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 20.8 × 3.7 - 20.0 × 5.4</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909F95FE7AF8D76758" box="[1747,1875,1395,1571]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 1.96 × 0.41 - 1.66 × 0.77</td>
<td id="76B55D8DFFC110909EECFE7AF8476758" box="[1962,1987,1395,1571]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="541">- 28 - 14</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2B663BFFC0EF6699D1FEA0FD0A67E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3446497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446497/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" startId="9.[151,250,1449,1474]" targetBox="[153,1429,178,1424]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFC0EF6699D1FEA0FD0A67E1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1449,1690]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6699D1FEA0FBFC64B9" bold="true" box="[151,1144,1449,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
FIGURE 4. Cnidae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF6698CDFEA0FD2764B9" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[395,675,1449,1474]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6698CDFEA0FE7E64B9" bold="true" box="[395,506,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B6DFEA0FD2764B9" bold="true" box="[555,675,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669B9FFEA0FC6464B9" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[729,992,1449,1474]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B9FFEA0FC6464B9" bold="true" box="[729,992,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC0EF669AA1FEA3FBBC64B9" box="[999,1080,1450,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–D:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D39FEA3FB5964B9" box="[1151,1245,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">cnidae of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669DA2FEA3FF73649D" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669DA2FEA3FAD564B9" box="[1252,1361,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669CC6FEA3FF73649D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NSMT-Co 1654). 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6698FBFEC4FE4B649D" bold="true" box="[445,463,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A</emphasis>
, tentacle; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B71FEC4FDD2649D" bold="true" box="[567,598,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A1</emphasis>
, spirocyst; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B8AFEC4FD68649D" bold="true" box="[716,748,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">A2</emphasis>
, basitrich. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669A1AFEC7FCE9649D" bold="true" box="[860,877,1486,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">B</emphasis>
, actinopharynx; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D5EFEC4FBB2649D" bold="true" box="[1048,1078,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">B1</emphasis>
, spirocyst; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669DEAFEC4FB4E649D" bold="true" box="[1196,1226,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">B2</emphasis>
, small basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C3EFEC4FA12649D" bold="true" box="[1400,1430,1485,1510]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">B3</emphasis>
, large basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669872FEF8FED66771" bold="true" box="[308,338,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">B4</emphasis>
, microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669895FEFBFE646772" box="[467,480,1522,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">p</emphasis>
-mastigophore. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B39FEF8FD156771" bold="true" box="[639,657,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">C</emphasis>
, nemathybome; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669A7CFEF8FCDD6771" bold="true" box="[826,857,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">C1</emphasis>
, small basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D4FFEF8FBAC6771" bold="true" box="[1033,1064,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">C2</emphasis>
, large basitrich. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D96FEFBFB666771" bold="true" box="[1232,1250,1522,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">D</emphasis>
, filament; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C16FEF8FAEB6771" bold="true" box="[1360,1391,1521,1546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">D1</emphasis>
, basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6699A2FD1CFE806755" bold="true" box="[228,260,1557,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">D2</emphasis>
, small microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669882FD1FFE556755" box="[452,465,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">b</emphasis>
-mastigophore; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B36FD1CFD0B6755" bold="true" box="[624,655,1557,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">D3</emphasis>
, large microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669A0DFD1FFCDC6755" box="[843,856,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">b</emphasis>
-mastigophore. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669AB1FD1FFBB56755" bold="true" box="[1015,1073,1558,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E–H:</emphasis>
cnidae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669DDAFD1FFA196755" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1180,1437,1558,1582]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669DDAFD1FFA196755" box="[1180,1437,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6699D1FD33FF6C6729" bold="true" box="[151,232,1594,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC0EF6699D1FD33FF6C6729" box="[151,232,1594,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(NSMT-Co 1656). 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6698F4FD33FE476729" bold="true" box="[434,451,1594,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E</emphasis>
, tentacle; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B6BFD30FDCF6729" bold="true" box="[557,587,1593,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E1</emphasis>
, spirocyst; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B84FD30FD646729" bold="true" box="[706,736,1593,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E2</emphasis>
, small basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669AD6FD30FC296729" bold="true" box="[912,941,1593,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E3</emphasis>
, large basitrich. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D1FFD33FBEC6729" bold="true" box="[1113,1128,1594,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">F</emphasis>
, actinopharynx; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C52FD30FAB46729" bold="true" box="[1300,1328,1593,1618]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">F1</emphasis>
, basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6699D1FD54FF30670D" bold="true" box="[151,180,1629,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">F2</emphasis>
, microbasic 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF66987DFD57FECC670E" box="[315,328,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">p</emphasis>
-mastigophore. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6698AFFD54FE79670D" bold="true" box="[489,509,1629,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">G</emphasis>
, nemathybome; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669BEDFD54FD48670D" bold="true" box="[683,716,1629,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">G1</emphasis>
, small basitrich; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669AC4FD54FC27670D" bold="true" box="[898,931,1629,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">G2</emphasis>
, large basitrich. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D15FD57FBE3670D" bold="true" box="[1107,1127,1630,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">H</emphasis>
, filament; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D9CFD54FB7F670D" bold="true" box="[1242,1275,1629,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">H1</emphasis>
, spirocyst; 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C30FD54FA11670D" bold="true" box="[1398,1429,1629,1654]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">H2</emphasis>
, basitrich. All images are shown at the same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEB36B3FFC0EF659981FDC1FEA160F0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1735,2015]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
This new species have many basitrichs&gt; 
<quantity id="4CAC9B56FFC0EF669BC8FDCEFD606798" box="[654,740,1735,1763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
in length. Such large basitrichs are also observed in four other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669849FDE5FE03667D" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1842" box="[271,391,1772,1798]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669849FDE5FE03667D" box="[271,391,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF6698D1FDE4FDB3667D" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[407,567,1772,1798]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6698D1FDE4FDB3667D" box="[407,567,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669B00FDE4FD65667D" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1913" box="[582,737,1772,1799]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B00FDE4FDD3667D" box="[582,599,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B20FDE5FD65667D" box="[614,737,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669BB6FDE4FCFE667D" box="[752,890,1772,1798]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="claparedi">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669BB6FDE4FCFE667D" box="[752,890,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. claparedi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669AFFFDE4FBD3667D" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" box="[953,1111,1773,1798]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maroccana">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669AFFFDE4FBD3667D" box="[953,1111,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. maroccana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Remarks of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669C58FDE4FF476651" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C58FDE4FF476651" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, above). However, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF6698D8FC18FDDD6651" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[414,601,1808,1834]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6698D8FC18FDDD6651" box="[414,601,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669B26FC19FD3D6651" bold="true" box="[608,697,1808,1834]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC0EF669B26FC19FD3D6651" box="[608,697,1808,1834]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished easily by having only 12 tentacles, while the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF66999EFC3DFED46635" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1842" box="[216,336,1844,1870]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF66999EFC3DFED46635" box="[216,336,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species here with very large basitrichs all have 16 tentacles. Because 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669D23FC3CFAA56635" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1125,1313,1844,1870]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669D23FC3CFAA56635" box="[1125,1313,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C6EFC3DFA066635" bold="true" box="[1320,1410,1844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC0EF669C6EFC3DFA066635" box="[1320,1410,1844,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is sexually mature, we do not think that it is a juvenile. Beyond the differences in size and arrangement of nemathybomes, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF6699A9FC75FE6B66ED" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[239,495,1916,1942]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF6699A9FC75FE6B66ED" box="[239,495,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">Edwardsia tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has larger and far more densely arranged nemathybomes than 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669DF1FC74FAF766ED" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[1207,1395,1916,1942]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669DF1FC74FAF766ED" box="[1207,1395,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669C3DFC75FF4C66C1" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC0EF669C3DFC75FF4C66C1" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Moreover, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669828FCA8FD9466C1" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[366,528,1952,1978]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669828FCA8FD9466C1" box="[366,528,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the physa is flattened whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669ADCFCA8FBDC66C1" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[922,1112,1952,1978]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669ADCFCA8FBDC66C1" box="[922,1112,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is rounded. The muscular processes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF66986DFCCCFE4F66A5" authorityName="Duben and Koren" authorityYear="1847" box="[299,459,1988,2014]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF66986DFCCCFE4F66A5" box="[299,459,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. tuberculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are about as twice as numerous as those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC0EF669A82FCCCFACC66A5" authority="(Carlgren, 1921)" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1921" baseAuthorityName="Carlgren" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[964,1352,1988,2014]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF669A82FCCCFB0466A5" box="[964,1152,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFC0EF669DD6FCCDFABB66A5" author="Carlgren, O." box="[1168,1343,1988,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref5993" refString="Carlgren, O. (1921) Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (9), 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1921">Carlgren, 1921</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC0EF659C32FCCDFEFF61C8" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="9" pageNumber="542">
Ed- wardsia 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF6599BFFB90FEF361C8" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1913" box="[249,375,153,179]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californica">californica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the mesenterial muscle has a distinctive shape (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFC3EF659AE6FB90FBC861CF" author="Carlgren, O." box="[928,1100,153,180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" pagination="16 - 23" refId="ref6043" refString="Carlgren, O. (1936) Some west American sea anemones. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 26 (1), 16 - 23." type="journal article" year="1936">Carlgren, 1936</bibRefCitation>
) and far more processes than the muscles of 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659807FBB7FD8761AC" box="[321,515,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659807FBB7FE7B61AC" baseAuthorityName="Carlgren" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[321,511,189,215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">E. alternobomen</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The body of 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659BDCFBB4FC0061AC" box="[666,900,189,215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="claparedi">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659BDCFBB4FC0061AC" box="[666,900,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Edwardsia claparedi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is approximately four times longer and broader than 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659997FBEBFDC06180" authority="(Manuel 1981)" authorityName="Manuel" authorityYear="1981" baseAuthorityName="Manuel" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[209,580,225,251]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659997FBEBFE0A6180" box="[209,398,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFC3EF6598D9FBE8FDB86180" author="Manuel, R. L." box="[415,572,225,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" refId="ref6687" refString="Manuel, R. L. (1981) British Anthozoa. Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association by Academic Press, New York, 241 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 512150 - 7.50008 - 6" type="book" year="1981">Manuel 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659B17FBE8FCD46180" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" box="[593,848,225,251]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maroccana">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659B17FBE8FCD46180" box="[593,848,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Edwardsia maroccana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has far more developed retractor muscles (with 30 processes: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC54B42FFC3EF659856FA0CFE3C6064" author="Carlgren, O." box="[272,440,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref6016" refString="Carlgren, O. (1931) Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv for Zoologi, 23 (A 3), 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren, 1931</bibRefCitation>
) than does 
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659B70FA0FFD736064" box="[566,759,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659B70FA0FFD776064" baseAuthorityName="Manuel" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[566,755,261,287]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">E. alternobomen</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659AC5FA0FFBB96064" authority="Izumi &amp; Fujita, 2019" authorityName="Izumi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2019" box="[899,1085,261,287]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659AC5FA0FFBB96064" box="[899,1085,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">E. alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659D05FA0CFB1F6064" bold="true" box="[1091,1179,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21357DAFFC3EF659D05FA0CFB1F6064" box="[1091,1179,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has two sizes of nemathybomes alternatively arranged in eight rows (
<figureCitation id="136F2A36FFC3EF659BE2FA20FD7E6038" box="[676,762,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1717,1742]" captionTargetBox="[217,1361,169,1696]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1364,166,1698]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. External view and histological section of Edwardsia alternobomen sp. nov. A–C, External view of NSMT-Co 1657 (holotype); A. anesthetized specimen. B. Enlarged view of body wall and nemathybomes in the middle part of the body C. Oral view of the specimen. D–I, histological section. D–H, NSMT-Co 1657 and I, NSMT-Co 1656 (paratype); D. Longitudinal section of uppermost part. E. Transverse section of mesenteries. F. Transverse section of middle part of body with large nemathybomes. G. Enlarged view of a mesentery (lower part than E). H. Transverse section of lower part. I. Enlarged view of a nemathybome. Large basitrichs are indicated. Abbreviations: Ca, capitulum; dd, dorsal directive; dl, dorso-lateral mesentery; Lne, large nemathybome; Me, mesoglea; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Re, retractor muscle; Sc, scapus; Sne, small nemathybome; Te, tentacle vd, ventral directive; vl, ventro-lateral mesentery. Scale bars indicate 5 mm in A, 1 mm in B, 500 µm in C–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3446489/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), whereas any other previously described 
<taxonomicName id="4C544D30FFC3EF659D8BFA20FAC16038" authorityName="de Quatrefages" authorityYear="1842" box="[1229,1349,297,323]" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="10" pageNumber="543" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B920EAA1FFC3EF659D8BFA20FAC16038" box="[1229,1349,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="543">Edwardsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species does not. This unusual arrangement of nemathybomes is one of the most prominent morphological feature for this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>