504 lines
71 KiB
XML
504 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8564E29D3F663183A104E3BFADAC4D59">Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96A2618A4C30B75028E2192CD6F40726">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81C5C0CD18F0B356BEDE5C1FCDC3B751">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB4E5A47C778F4E852AC5AF79DA3F85D">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B9B39B039541ECC4E506A333140278D">Díaz, Maria Cristina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="537BFB93D42A192E92F56B711B907C35">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="72EA314BCB877E33D44CF20A315D0CB4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8EB7442D47C4DC820E03ECE4A7BFB6A0">2276</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FD6D27AA413210FF4B2D78BCD4E8D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3499954" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3499954" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD6D27AA413210FF4B2D78BCD4E8D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD6D27AA413210FF4B2D78BCD4E8D7" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA413214FF4B2D78BF15EAE4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF4B2D78BDC6EAC7" blockId="11.[151,897,358,419]" box="[151,897,358,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="D0A36B5DAA413214FF4B2D78BDC6EAC7" bold="true" box="[151,897,358,384]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FF4B2D78BDC6EAC7" authority="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,897,358,384]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2D78BDC6EAC7" bold="true" box="[151,897,358,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2D78BF84EAC7" bold="true" box="[151,451,358,384]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecionemia megastylifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FE162D78BDC6EAC7" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[458,897,358,384]" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF4B2D97BF15EAE4" blockId="11.[151,897,358,419]" box="[151,338,393,419]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FF432D97BF0DEAE4" box="[159,330,393,419]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionStartId-2="14.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,1406,379,1461]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[171,1415,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Spicule repertoire of Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984. A. Oxea I; B. Oxea II; C. Dichotriaene; D. Cladome of protriaene; E. Cladome of anatriaene; F. Acanthomicrorhabds; G. Microxeas; H. Acanthotylaster; I. Acanthoxyaster. Scale 200 µm for A – B – C and F – G. Scale 20 µm for D – E. Scale 2 µm for H – I." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/191095/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figures 5–6–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA413214FF4B2DC8BF48EAAA" box="[151,271,470,493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF4B2DC8BF48EAAA" blockId="11.[151,1126,470,621]" box="[151,271,470,493]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Synonyms.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA413214FF4B2DE8BA21E92A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF4B2DE8BA21E92A" blockId="11.[151,1126,470,621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44FB1FAA413214FF4B2DE8BA21E92A" infered="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FF4B2DE8BD11E94A" authority="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: 122" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,854,502,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2DE8BFE7E94A" box="[151,416,502,525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecionemia megastylifera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA413214FE7B2DE8BD11E94A" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[423,854,502,525]" page="122" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1984">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FE7B2DE8BD65E94A" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[423,802,502,525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 122
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, figs. 1–2.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FF4B2E08BFD5E96A" box="[151,402,534,557]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2E08BFD5E96A" box="[151,402,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ancorina megastylifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Wintermann–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FDE82E08BD65E96A" author="Kilian" box="[564,802,534,557]" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Kilian & Kilian, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
):
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FCE82E08BD92E96A" author="Alcolado" box="[820,981,534,557]" pageId="11" pageNumber="35" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 56.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FF4B2E28BCF9E90A" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986: 67" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,702,566,589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stellettinopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2E28BFF7E90A" box="[151,432,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Stellettinopsis dominicana</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5FA20AA413214FE6B2E28BCF9E90A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[439,702,566,589]" page="67" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1986">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FE6B2E28BCD0E90A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[439,663,566,589]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Pulitzer-Finali. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 67
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 1–2 (new synonym).
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<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FF4B2E48BCC2E92A" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,645,598,621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
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<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2E48BFCAE92A" box="[151,397,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecionemia dominicana</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FE472E48BC3AE92A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[411,637,598,621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Pulitzer-Finali. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FD4C2E48BD1FE92A" author="Rutzler" box="[656,856,598,621]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K., Diaz, M. C., van Soest, R. W. M., Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. & Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin, 476," type="book chapter" year="2000">Rützler et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
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<tableCitation id="C6D6E98AAA413214FCBF2E48BDF6E92A" box="[867,945,598,621]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,240,383,407]" captionText="TABLE 1. Tetractinellida species collected in the Bocas del Toro region, museum accession numbers of the specimens" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Table 1</tableCitation>
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(new synonym).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA413214FF4B2E83BB13EE28" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF4B2E83BDEBE9F0" blockId="11.[151,1437,669,1816]" box="[151,940,669,695]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2E83BF44E9F1" box="[151,259,669,694]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA413214FF4B2E83BF44E9F1" box="[151,259,669,694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
. INVPOR 1148, Bahia Nenguange,
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<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FD712E83BD63E9F0" box="[685,804,669,695]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FCF32E83BD1BE9F0" box="[815,860,669,695]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF1A2EDABCDAE843" blockId="11.[151,1437,669,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF1A2EDABF72E99A" box="[198,309,708,733]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5217B8AA413214FEE32EDABF91E999" box="[319,470,708,734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
, from
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||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA413214FDF62EDABC2DE999" box="[554,618,708,734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">STRI</collectionCode>
|
||
Point, Solarte Island and Bastimento Island,
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||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FB4B2EDABB4DE999" box="[1175,1290,708,734]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.04" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="10.2" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4–20 m</quantity>
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depth. Two specimens deposited:
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<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA413214FE442EF4BFAAE843" box="[408,493,746,772]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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||
81782–81783.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF1A2F0FBC44E881" blockId="11.[151,1437,669,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF1A2F0FBD2DE86D" box="[198,874,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Additional material examined.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FD9E2F0FBD2DE86D" box="[578,874,785,810]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">Ecionemia megastylifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, INVPOR 1148,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA413214FB992F0FBAE9E86C" box="[1093,1198,785,811]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Bahia Nenguange,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FF4B2F26BF56E815" box="[151,273,824,850]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FEC22F26BF16E815" box="[286,337,824,850]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
; ZMAPOR 7772,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FDEC2F26BCE5E815" box="[560,674,824,850]" name="Bahamas" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
; ZMAPOR 14265, off Slangebaai,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FB8C2F26BAFFE815" box="[1104,1208,824,850]" name="Curaçao" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Curacao</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FB192F26BB49E815" box="[1221,1294,824,850]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="3.8">3.8 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FAC72F26BC77E83F" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FAC72F26BF65E83F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecionemia dominicana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FEEC2F40BC60E83F" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[304,551,862,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="38" refString="Pulitzer-Finali. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA413214FDE02F40BCD6E83F" box="[572,657,862,888]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1trn-7b59" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 'Giacomo Doria'" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MSNG</collectionCode>
|
||
47679,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA413214FD2C2F40BD1DE83F" box="[752,858,862,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, Boca Chica,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FC272F40BAB5E83F" box="[1019,1266,862,888]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FB212F40BB2FE83F" box="[1277,1384,862,888]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
15–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5217B8AA413214FAF52F40BB2FE83F" box="[1321,1384,862,888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="generic">25 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA413214FF4B2F9BBF38E8D9" box="[151,383,901,926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="demera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF4B2F9BBF38E8D9" box="[151,383,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecionemia demera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA413214FE652F9BBCD2E8D8" author="Laubenfels" box="[441,661,901,927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="37" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto-Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellanous Collections, 91, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA413214FD772F9BBD4FE8D8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[683,776,901,927]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4544F4AA413214FCCD2F9BBD33E8D8" box="[785,884,901,927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">DNBE-</collectionCode>
|
||
17, slide of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA413214FBD82F9BBA33E8D8" box="[1028,1140,901,927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FB5D2F9BBB5EE8D8" box="[1153,1305,901,927]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FAFA2F9BBBD0E8D8" box="[1318,1431,901,927]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.65" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="66.5" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="60.0">60–73 m</quantity>
|
||
; ZMAPOR 0 3512,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA413214FEAC2FB2BFB8E881" box="[368,511,940,966]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF1A2FCCBB13EE28" blockId="11.[151,1437,669,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF1A2FCCBFE5E8AC" box="[198,418,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Outer morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FE6F2FCCBFBDE8AB" box="[435,506,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). Thickly encrusting to massive lobate sponge. One very large specimen found on coral rubble in Solarte south was sub-circular,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FCF22FE7BD2EEF54" box="[814,873,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FB632FE7BB4FEF54" box="[1215,1288,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FAC42FE7BB18EF54" box="[1304,1375,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B); it had cemented and integrated coral rubble pieces. Other specimens had an elongated shape and were
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FA8E283EBBDAEF7D" box="[1362,1437,1056,1082]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FF032858BF6EEF27" box="[223,297,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Surface is rugose. Slightly compressible. Choanosome has a hairy aspect due to the high density of large oxeas. External color on living specimen and in ethanol is light brownish to black. Internal color on living specimen is whitish to cream, whitish in ethanol. Oscules are
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FB80288ABA97EFE9" box="[1116,1232,1172,1198]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
of diameter and distributed on the top surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FD6428A4BD47EF93" box="[696,768,1210,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). There is a thin contractile membrane around the oscule. Oscules lead into one or more cloacae chambers where uniporal exhalant openings are present. Pores are cribriporal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FE852916BFE5EE65" box="[345,418,1288,1314]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D) and evenly distributed over large surfaces of the sponge, there is no separation between pore plates. A single pore plate has a diameter of around
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FC662930BA5DEE0F" box="[954,1050,1326,1352]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Macro-epibionts (e.g. sponges, algae) can be found growing on large specimens. Gammarid amphipods were found living in an oscule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA413211FF1A2962BCE6EDEE" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA413214FF1A2962BA9FEC5F" blockId="11.[151,1437,669,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA413214FF1A2962BF6DEED2" box="[198,298,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA413214FEE52962BF38EED1" box="[313,383,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Small acanthostrongylasters lay on a paratangential layer of acanthomicrorhabds, thus forming a very thin cortex (ca 140–170 µm thick) supported by bundles of long–shafted robust dichotriaenes. Thin microxeas, sometimes in bundles, cross the cortex. In certain parts where the sponge is hispid, large oxeas, dichotriaenes, anatriaenes and protriaenes also cross the cortex. Sub-cortical canals cross transversely this layer of triaenes. Under the triaenes, large oxeas paratangentially positioned form a dense layer (ca
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA413214FAAB2A08BE82ED10" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick). Deeper, this arrangement becomes looser and more irregular; oxeas II, some dichotriaenes and rare anatriaenes can be found there also. Acanthoxyasters are found dispersed in the choanosome, and are abundant around canals. Large granular cells (diameter: 16–27 µm) are especially abundant in the cortex but are also present, albeit in lower density, in the choanosome. The cortex of cloacae chambers is somewhat different. It has fewer acanthomicrorhabds and is not supported by triaenes; it is mainly tangential large oxeas that stretch and support the acanthostrongylaster layer. It is only crossed by a few microxeas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B8CB9AA463213FF4B2A81BC90ECC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA463213FF4B2A81BC90ECC1" blockId="12.[151,1436,1695,1926]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA463213FF4B2A81BF5DEDF0" bold="true" box="[151,282,1695,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA463213FEFC2A81BDEBEDF1" authority="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian" authorityYear="1984" box="[288,940,1695,1718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA463213FEFC2A81BC6DEDF1" box="[288,554,1695,1718]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecionemia megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA463213FBA92AFABB29EDBC" box="[1141,1390,1764,1787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chondrillidae" genus="Chondrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chondrosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nucula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA463213FBA92AFABAAAEDBC" box="[1141,1261,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chondrilla</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA463213FAFF2AFABB29EDBC" box="[1315,1390,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">nucula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA463213FF4B2B19BF24EC59" box="[151,355,1799,1822]" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA463213FF4B2B19BF24EC59" box="[151,355,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Amphimedon erina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee–colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross–section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross–section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B8CB9AA473212FF4B29A6BDF0ED70" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA473212FF4B29A6BDF0ED70" blockId="13.[151,1437,1464,1591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FF4B29A6BF64EE97" bold="true" box="[151,291,1464,1488]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA473212FEF029A7BDB7EE88" authority="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian" authorityYear="1984" box="[300,1008,1464,1488]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FEF029A7BC09EE97" box="[300,590,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecionemia megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA473212FA5829C5BF7AED52" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FA5829C5BF7AED52" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E. megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA473211FF1A2A78BA6DEA0B" blockId="13.[151,1437,1638,2012]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,152,332]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FF1A2A78BF6FED38" box="[198,296,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(measurements of ZMBN 81782, except for protriaenes, only found in ZMBN 81783) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA473212FAE72A78BEEFEDE1" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,255,1497,1521]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1406,379,1461]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[171,1415,337,1477]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Spicule repertoire of Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984. A. Oxea I; B. Oxea II; C. Dichotriaene; D. Cladome of protriaene; E. Cladome of anatriaene; F. Acanthomicrorhabds; G. Microxeas; H. Acanthotylaster; I. Acanthoxyaster. Scale 200 µm for A – B – C and F – G. Scale 20 µm for D – E. Scale 2 µm for H – I." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/191095/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6– 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FF622A93BF16EDE1" box="[190,337,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Megascleres</emphasis>
|
||
: (a) oxeas I, very large, slightly bent, sometimes modified to styles, length:
|
||
<date id="FFEAFAF1AA473212FB122A92BB14EDE1" box="[1230,1363,1676,1702]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1332" valueMax="1524">
|
||
1332–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FAC42A93BB14EDE1" box="[1304,1363,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1524</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
–1764 µm; width: 56–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FE8D2AADBFC2ED8B" box="[337,389,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">64.9</emphasis>
|
||
–70 µm. (b) oxeas II, straight or slightly bent, length: 520–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FB902AADBAC8ED8B" box="[1100,1167,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">815.2</emphasis>
|
||
–1260 µm; width: 14–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FF4B2AC4BE8DEDB4" box="[151,202,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">22.9</emphasis>
|
||
–42 µm. (c) microxeas, usually straight but can be slightly bent, length: 182–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FB852AC4BADCEDB4" box="[1113,1179,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">215.4</emphasis>
|
||
–317 µm; width: 2.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FF4B2B1FBEE1EC5D" box="[151,166,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</emphasis>
|
||
–5 µm. (d) dichotriaenes to orthotriaenes, stout, rare in some specimens, the rhabdome can be slightly bent, and in some rare cases extra spines are present, thus becoming acanthotriaenes, rhabdomes can have an oxeote or strongylote end, rhabdome length: 790–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FD4D2B50BC94EC20" box="[657,723,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">997.6</emphasis>
|
||
–1222 µm; width: 50–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FC012B50BA57EC20" box="[989,1040,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">64.7</emphasis>
|
||
–80 µm; clad length: 120–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FA972B50BBCAEC20" box="[1355,1421,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">151.7</emphasis>
|
||
– 180 µm (some young triaenes observed, rhabdome length: 400–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FC752B6BBD90ECC9" box="[937,983,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">530</emphasis>
|
||
–651 µm; width: 18–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FB072B6BBABEECC9" box="[1243,1273,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">27</emphasis>
|
||
–41 µm; clad length: 53–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FEC02B85BF08ECF3" box="[284,335,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">76.2</emphasis>
|
||
–104 µm). (e) anatriaenes, rare, rhabdome slightly inflated, rhabdome length: 228–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FAC32B85BB26ECF3" box="[1311,1377,1947,1972]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">278.3</emphasis>
|
||
–334 µm (N=3); rhabdome width: 1–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FDF72BDCBC14EC9C" box="[555,595,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1.3</emphasis>
|
||
–2 µm (N=6); clad length: 3–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA473212FC122BDCBD9AEC9C" box="[974,989,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</emphasis>
|
||
–5 µm (N=6). (f) protriaenes, rare, sometimes modified to mesoprotriaenes, rhabdome length: 417 µm (N=1); rhabdome width: 2.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FAC72C86BB08EBF6" box="[1307,1359,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3.75</emphasis>
|
||
–5 µm (N=2); clad length: 27–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FE6D2CA1BFA2EB9F" box="[433,485,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">32.5</emphasis>
|
||
–38 µm (N=2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FD7F2CA1BD7BEB9F" box="[675,828,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Microscleres</emphasis>
|
||
: (g) acanthomicrorhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA443211FBA42CA0BA87EB9F" box="[1144,1216,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A), with oxeote or strongylote ends, sometimes centrotylote, length: 59–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FC882CFBBDCAEBB9" box="[852,909,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">98.6</emphasis>
|
||
–138.3 µm; width: 4.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FB1C2CFBBAAFEBB9" box="[1216,1256,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8.2</emphasis>
|
||
–10.6 µm. (h) acanthoxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA443211FEB92D12BFEAEA61" box="[357,429,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B), 6–9 actines, a characteristic spike at the end of each actine, diameter: 9–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FAE02D12BB37EA62" box="[1340,1392,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13.1</emphasis>
|
||
–19 µm. (i) acanthostrongylasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA443211FE222D2CBC03EA0B" box="[510,580,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C), 4–11 actines, diameter: 4–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FC782D2CBD8FEA0C" box="[932,968,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6.7</emphasis>
|
||
–10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2B8CB9AA443211FF4B29C7BB1CED72" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191095/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[175,1406,379,1461]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA443211FF4B29C7BB1CED72" blockId="14.[151,1437,1497,1589]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FF4B29C7BF5FEEB6" bold="true" box="[151,280,1497,1521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule repertoire of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA443211FE2329C4BACFEEB7" authority="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984" authorityName="Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian" authorityYear="1984" box="[511,1160,1497,1521]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FE2329C4BD4EEEB6" box="[511,777,1498,1521]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ecionemia megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Oxea I; B. Oxea II; C. Dichotriaene; D. Cladome of protriaene; E. Cladome of anatriaene; F. Acanthomicrorhabds; G. Microxeas; H. Acanthotylaster; I. Acanthoxyaster. Scale 200 µm for A–B–C and F–G. Scale 20 µm for D–E. Scale 2 µm for H–I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA443211FF1A2A76BCE6EDEE" blockId="14.[151,1437,1640,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FF1A2A76BC3EEDC6" box="[198,633,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Habitat in the Bocas del Toro region.</emphasis>
|
||
Common in coral rubble or in sheltered areas of reefs (such as small cavities). Usually sciophilous
|
||
<quantity id="4CAC71D4AA443211FE242A91BC16EDEE" box="[504,593,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="1.0">1–25 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA443211FF1A2AA8BDD5EC5B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA443211FF1A2AA8BDD5EC5B" blockId="14.[151,1437,1640,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FF1A2AA8BF12ED88" box="[198,341,1718,1743]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FEBB2AABBF94ED88" box="[359,467,1717,1743]" name="Bahamas" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FDA92AABBCF4ED88" box="[629,691,1717,1743]" name="Cuba" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FD192AABBD3AED88" author="Alcolado" box="[709,893,1717,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FC4F2AABBACEED88" box="[915,1161,1717,1743]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FB472AABBBC9ED88" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[1179,1422,1717,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="38" refString="Pulitzer-Finali. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FF4B2AC2BEA5EDB1" box="[151,226,1756,1782]" name="Belize" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FF2D2AC2BF95EDB1" author="Rutzler" box="[241,466,1756,1782]" pageId="14" pageNumber="38" refString="Rutzler, K., Diaz, M. C., van Soest, R. W. M., Zea, S., Smith, K. P., Alvarez, B. & Wulff, J. (2000) Diversity of sponge fauna in mangrove ponds, Pelican Cays, Belize. Atoll Research Bulletin, 476," type="book chapter" year="2000">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FE8C2AC2BFCCEDB2" box="[336,395,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FE392AC2BC22EDB1" box="[485,613,1756,1782]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FDA82AC2BD4EEDB1" author="Cortes" box="[628,777,1756,1782]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" refString="Cortes, J. (1996) Biodiversidad marina de Costa Rica: filo Porifera. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44, 911 - 914." type="journal article" year="1996">Cortés 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FCC12AC2BD3DEDB1" box="[797,890,1756,1782]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FBC92AC2BACEEDB1" box="[1045,1161,1756,1782]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FB4B2AC2BF62EC5B" author="Wintermann-Kilian" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FEED2B1CBFB9EC5B" author="Valderrama" box="[305,510,1794,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Valderrama, D. F. (2001) Taxonomia y distribucion de esponjas arrecifales (Porifera) del noroccidente del Golfo de Uraba, Caribe colombiano. B. Sc. Thesis. Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Santa Marta, 187 pp." type="book" year="2001">Valderrama 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Díaz 2007);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA443211FD402B1CBCB9EC5B" box="[668,766,1794,1820]" name="Curaçao" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34E8FBAAA443210FF1A2B37BCD4E8D7" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBDC31AA443210FF1A2B37BCD4E8D7" blockId="14.[151,1437,1640,2014]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FF1A2B37BFAAEC05" box="[198,493,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Remarks and discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This species possesses true spiny microrhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA443211FBF12B37BA33EC04" box="[1069,1140,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A) (not sanidasters) so it does not belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA443211FE702B4EBC5BEC2E" box="[428,540,1872,1897]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ancorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA443211FE702B4EBC5BEC2E" box="[428,540,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ancorina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus. The original description by Wintermann–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FBAE2B4EBBDBEC2D" author="Kilian" box="[1138,1436,1872,1898]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Kilian and Kilian (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions only one size class of euasters, but after reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA443211FC382B69BA0DECD6" box="[996,1098,1911,1937]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
it is quite obvious that there are two kinds of euasters: the small strongylasters placed in the ectocortex and the larger oxyasters in the choanosome. Wintermann–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA443211FE362BDABD5CEC99" author="Kilian" box="[490,795,1988,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homoslerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135." type="journal article" year="1984">Kilian and Kilian (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note the presence of microstrongyles, but these are simply variations of microrhabds. They also overlooked the presence of microxeas present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FAEF2C86BBDBEBF5" box="[1331,1436,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA453210FF432CA0BEA1EB9F" box="[159,230,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Furthermore, we observed in the Bocas material and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FC7A2CA0BA4BEB9F" box="[934,1036,190,216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
two size classes of oxeas that had not been identified before. There were some differences between the Bocas del Toro specimens and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FF4B2D12BF45EA61" box="[151,258,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FE982D12BFECEA61" box="[324,427,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
had smaller oxeas, smaller triaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA453210FCB82D12BDECEA61" box="[868,939,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D), thinner and smaller microrhabds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA453210FAB02D12BEE2EA0B" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E) (length: 48–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FE842D2CBFCCEA0C" box="[344,395,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">69.2</emphasis>
|
||
–92, width: 2–
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FDEB2D2CBC1CEA0C" box="[567,603,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.1</emphasis>
|
||
–5), smaller microxeas, asters with thinner actines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA453210FB622D2CBB43EA0B" box="[1214,1284,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,261,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,194,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1440]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984 [ZMBN 81782]: A. Microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; B. Acanthoxyaster. Scale: 2 µm; C. Acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 2 µm; E. megastylifera [INVPOR 1148, holotype]: D. Young triaene. Scale: 20 µ m; E. Microxea, microrhabd and acanthostrongylaster. Scale: 10 µm; F. Acanthostrongylasters. Scale: 2 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191094/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F), and more oxeas II (most of them found under the oxea I layer) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FC0B4AA453210FCC22D47BD22EA34" box="[798,869,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,255,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1421,197,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,197,1670]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ecionemia megastylifera Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian, 1984: A. Dark specimen found growing under coral rubble (1 m depth). Arrows point to its oscules. Scale: 4 cm; B. Large dark specimen found on Solarte South 4 (0.4 m depth) growing on coral rubble. It is covered with sediments and overgrown by sponges (Chondrilla aff. nucula and Amphimedon erina) and algae. Scale: 5 cm; C. Elongated coffee – colored specimen collected in a small cavity on Sache (15 m depth); D. Close up of the surface (dried) revealing the cribriporal pores. Scale: 0.5 mm; E. Cross – section showing the skeletal architecture: cortex and choanosome [ZMBN 81782]. Scale: 1 mm; F. Cross – section of cortex and choanosome [INVPOR 1148, holotype]. Scale: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191093/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Anatriaenes and protriaenes observed in the Bocas del Toro specimens were not found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FD012D9EBD0FEADD" box="[733,840,384,410]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FC562D9EBDB6EADD" box="[906,1009,384,410]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FBC62D9EBA80EADE" box="[1050,1223,384,409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FBC62D9EBA80EADE" box="[1050,1223,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. dominicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had also two size classes of euasters and the microxeas, both of which had been overlooked by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FB8F2DB8BB27EA87" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[1107,1376,422,448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" refString="Pulitzer-Finali. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The microrhabds’ measurements in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FDEC2DD3BC9CEAA1" box="[560,731,461,486]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FDEC2DD3BC9CEAA1" box="[560,731,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. dominicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FD3D2DD3BD00EAA0" box="[737,839,461,487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were very similar to those found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EF6293AA453210FACA2DD3BB3AEAA0" box="[1302,1405,461,487]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FF4B2DEABF2CE94A" box="[151,363,500,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FF4B2DEABF2CE94A" box="[151,363,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a result of these observations,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FCEA2DEABDB6E94A" box="[822,1009,500,525]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dominicana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FCEA2DEABDB6E94A" box="[822,1009,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. dominicana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
becomes a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FA5D2DEABF7CE974" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FA5D2DEABF7CE974" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FE962E04BC47E973" author="Lehnert" box="[330,512,538,564]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" refString="Lehnert, H. (1993) The sponges from Cozumel (Mexico). Inventory, critical comparison of taxonomic characters and description of a new species. Acta Biologica Benrodis, 5, 35 - 127." type="journal article" year="1993">Lehnert (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also described a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FD0E2E04BD35E974" box="[722,882,538,563]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletinopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FD0E2E04BD35E974" box="[722,882,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stelletinopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in Cozumel (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA453210FB9D2E04BAE7E973" box="[1089,1184,538,564]" name="Mexico" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) which resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FA5E2E04BF70E91D" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FA5E2E04BF70E91D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the vase shape, the blue and yellow colors and the absence of triaenes do not match with our species. The other Caribbean species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FD282E76BD32E9C6" box="[756,885,616,641]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FD282E76BD32E9C6" box="[756,885,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FC592E76BA44E9C6" box="[901,1027,616,641]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="demera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FC592E76BA44E9C6" box="[901,1027,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. demera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3439CA1AA453210FB922E76BA98E9C5" box="[1102,1247,616,642]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FA5E2E76BF7EE9EF" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FA5E2E76BF7EE9EF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having plagiotriaenes, much larger anatriaenes, smaller acanthomicrorhabds (ca 7 µm) and only one kind of euasters. The dark color of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FD692EABBD3BE989" box="[693,892,693,718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="megastylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FD692EABBD3BE989" box="[693,892,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">E. megastylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is due to large pigmented cells, more or less present with respect to light conditions. These pigments may serve for light protection since their abundance is greater in light environments; this has been suggested in other sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FC202F1CBADEE85B" author="Renouf" box="[1020,1177,770,796]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" refString="Renouf, L. P. W. (1934) The effect of light on the colour of Pachymatisma johnstonia (Bowerbank). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13, 336 - 338." type="journal article" year="1934">Renouf 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FB792F1CBE9FE804" author="Bandaranayake" pageId="15" pageNumber="35" refString="Bandaranayake, W. M., Bemis, J. E. & Bourne, D. J. (1996) Ultraviolet Absorbing Pigments from the Marine Sponge Dysidea herbacea: Isolation and Structure of a New Mycosporine. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 115, 281 - 286." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Bandaranayake
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FABD2F1CBBDBE85C" box="[1377,1436,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FF392F37BFBFE804" author="Cavalcanti" box="[229,504,809,835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Cavalcanti, F. F., Zilberberg, C. & Klautau, M. (2007) Seasonal variation of morphological characters of Chondrilla aff. nucula (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the south-east coast of Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 87, 1727 - 1732." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Cavalcanti
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FEAC2F37BFE8E805" box="[368,431,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FDD92F37BD64E804" author="Valderrama" box="[517,803,809,835]" pageId="15" pageNumber="39" refString="Valderrama, D., Rossi, A. L., Rapp, H. T. & Klautau, M. (2009) Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Calcarea, Clathrinidae, Leucettidae): a wide spread species in the tropical Western Atlantic. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Valderrama
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FD462F37BC9EE805" box="[666,729,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the species collected in Bocas del Toro by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FF4B2F4EBF0CE82D" author="Nichols" box="[151,331,848,874]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" refString="Nichols, S. A. (2005) An evaluation of support for order-level monophyly and interrelationships within the class Demospongiae using partial data from the large subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 81 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Nichols (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C54A7B2AA453210FDF82F4EBCE3E82E" box="[548,676,848,873]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Ecionemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9200023AA453210FDF82F4EBCE3E82E" box="[548,676,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecionemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. We sequenced three of our specimens and obtained strictly identical COI sequences as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC5A1C0AA453210FE062F68BCC8E8D7" author="Nichols" box="[474,655,886,912]" pageId="15" pageNumber="38" refString="Nichols, S. A. (2005) An evaluation of support for order-level monophyly and interrelationships within the class Demospongiae using partial data from the large subunit rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 81 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Nichols (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |