259 lines
38 KiB
XML
259 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="99788640F5E68D132E16EAD5D2314E93" ID-CLB-Dataset="7137" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a680b0d1-c6c7-4352-bc7c-3e86a6553f20" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700886" ID-ZooBank="C1539A50-36B3-4050-8378-7E309F0053D9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618839568249" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M." docDate="2021" docId="03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cithaerias songoana Penz 2021, STAT. REV." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="311" masterDocId="FFC5EA56CD48FF9FFF8AFF9255534669" masterDocTitle="Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the blue and purple / rose Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="316" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="310" updateTime="1698937210022" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="379A2B444BDA4C8A97281D923E249C33">Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the blue and purple / rose Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="32DECABFC72A7A33A7492A6321AC4DC9">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="78B494321041B0DFE629F6BF7B053783">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7A041C52B3DC9A21E8BFFC83F5617DDB">
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<mods:date id="CD4A56E220A8F27DE884E2EB5E6F53A0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EA079826DD21A9CB50A02489A0239ED">2021-04-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A236DE52E76E126D7719F06C59E286E4">4963</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4737585" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181761495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4737585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD59FF8EFF1DF88C57F64151" box="[151,677,1822,1849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD59FF8EFF1DF88C57F64151" blockId="17.[151,677,1822,1885]" box="[151,677,1822,1849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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<heading id="D0A29454CD59FF8EFF1DF88C57F64151" bold="true" box="[151,677,1822,1849]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD59FF8EFF1DF88C57F64151" bold="true" box="[151,677,1822,1849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD59FF8EFF1DF88C57544151" ID-CoL="VLWD" authority="(Langer)" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,519,1822,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songoana" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD59FF8EFF1DF88C54C24150" bold="true" box="[151,401,1822,1849]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Cithaerias songoana</emphasis>
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(Langer)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2124251CD59FF8EFD85F88C57F64151" box="[527,677,1822,1848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">STAT. REV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD59FF8EFF1DF8D054C34135" box="[151,400,1858,1885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD59FF8EFF1DF8D054C34135" blockId="17.[151,677,1822,1885]" box="[151,400,1858,1885]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD59FF8EFF15F8D0545F4134" box="[159,268,1858,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,458,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-123@14.[151,1436,453,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. a–d, C. pyropina pyropina; e–f, C. pyropina pyropina, “rosacea” phenotype; g, comparison among phenotypes (top row: male, Peru, Satipo; female, Chanchamayo; bottom row: male and female from Tingo María); h–i, C. pyropina julia; j–k, C. songoana; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Collection labels of the C. songoana female indicate that it was examined and photographed by G. Langer. Rodolphe Rougerie provided the photograph of one of the C. songoana female (k), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700901/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Figs 5j–k</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD59FF8EFE92F8D054674135" box="[280,308,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1572,1596]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,187,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-21; b, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, Yakunk-Cutucu Trail) dissection CMP 19-12; c, C. azurina (Bolivia, Chaparé) dissection CMP 14-05." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700909/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">8c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD59FF8EFECAF8D0540D4135" box="[320,350,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-16@19.[151,1436,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700911/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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<quantity id="4CAD8EDDCD59FF8EFECAF8D0540D4135" box="[320,350,1858,1884]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD59FF8EFEE0F8D054D44135" box="[362,391,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-273@21.[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities). Circles marked with a white dot represent specimens examined from photographs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700913/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD59FF8EFF1DF815502941F6" box="[151,1402,1927,1951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD59FF8EFF1DF815502941F6" blockId="17.[151,1402,1927,1951]" box="[151,1402,1927,1951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD59FF8EFF1DF81554AB41F6" ID-CoL="94Z6L" authority="Langer, 1944" authorityName="Langer" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,504,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songoana" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD59FF8EFF1DF815543A41F7" box="[151,361,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Callitaera songoana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD59FF8EFEE5F81554AB41F6" author="Langer, G." box="[367,504,1927,1951]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" pagination="15 - 16" refId="ref16633" refString="Langer, G. (1944) Gattung Callitaera Btlr. (Satyridae, Lep.) III. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 58 (2), 15 - 16." type="journal article" year="1944">Langer, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Gattung
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<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD59FF8EFDD0F815579141F6" ID-CoL="94Z6L" authority="Btlr." authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[602,706,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD59FF8EFDD0F815579141F6" box="[602,706,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Callitaera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Btlr. (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD59FF8EFC88F81556F141F6" authority=", Lep." authorityName="Lep." box="[770,930,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Satyridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Satyridae, Lep.</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD59FF8EFC39F815519741F6" box="[947,1220,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Entomologische Zeitschrift</emphasis>
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57(15): 113–114.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD59FF8DFF1DF85F558846BC" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD59FF8EFF1DF85F54C9418E" blockId="17.[151,410,1997,2023]" box="[151,410,1997,2023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD59FF8EFF1DF85F54C5418E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321382" box="[151,406,1997,2023]" country="Bolivia" location="Bolivia" pageId="17" pageNumber="310" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD59FF8EFF1DF85F546A418E" bold="true" box="[151,313,1997,2023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">
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<typeStatus id="54EE9D9ACD59FF8EFF1DF85F5581418E" box="[151,210,1997,2023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD59FF8EFECAF85F54C5418E" box="[320,406,1997,2023]" name="Bolivia" pageId="17" pageNumber="310">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD5AFF8DFF4DFF04558846BC" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFF4DFF04542A46D9" bold="true" box="[199,377,150,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD5AFF8DFE0BFF04558446BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321393" country="Germany" location="Zoologische Sammlung Munchen" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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The female
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<typeStatus id="54EE9D9ACD5AFF8DFD83FF04572346D9" box="[521,624,150,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFD12FF05567446D9" box="[664,807,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songoana">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFD12FF05567446D9" box="[664,807,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">C. songoana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is deposited in
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<location id="8E8A75E3CD5AFF8DFC56FF04500E46D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214:8E8A75E3CD5AFF8DFC56FF04500E46D9" box="[988,1373,150,176]" country="Germany" name="Zoologische Sammlung Munchen" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Zoologische Sammlung München</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD5AFF8DFAE0FF04558446BC" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Germany</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD5AFF8DFF4DFF4C54F54775" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD5AFF8DFF4DFF4C54F54775" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFF4DFF4C54324691" bold="true" box="[199,353,222,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Only known from
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<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD5AFF8DFDBCFF4C57DB4691" box="[566,648,222,248]" name="Bolivia" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="4991EDDACD5AFF8DFD1CFF4C57B74690" box="[662,740,222,249]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">La Paz</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="4991EDDACD5AFF8DFC90FF4C56FF4691" box="[794,940,222,248]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
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departments). See map (
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<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFB4BFF4C50414691" box="[1217,1298,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-273@21.[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities). Circles marked with a white dot represent specimens examined from photographs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700913/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) for locality of examined specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD5AFF8DFF4DFEB454C84550" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD5AFF8DFF4DFEB456BD457D" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
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<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFF4DFEB454114729" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is defined based on the following combination of characters (numbered in
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<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFAAFFEB450C34728" box="[1317,1424,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,458,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-123@14.[151,1436,453,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. a–d, C. pyropina pyropina; e–f, C. pyropina pyropina, “rosacea” phenotype; g, comparison among phenotypes (top row: male, Peru, Satipo; female, Chanchamayo; bottom row: male and female from Tingo María); h–i, C. pyropina julia; j–k, C. songoana; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Collection labels of the C. songoana female indicate that it was examined and photographed by G. Langer. Rodolphe Rougerie provided the photograph of one of the C. songoana female (k), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700901/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 5j–k</figureCitation>
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): (1) male HW submarginal and marginal bands broadly separated, marginal band thin, anal margin with a broad pink area; (2) male HW postmedial band proximal to the ocellus below M
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<subScript id="17D1217DCD5AFF8DFC23FE1356E247E6" attach="left" box="[937,945,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">1</subScript>
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thin, fragmented; (3) male HW postmedial band broad; (4) male HW scale cover dark pink, dense and limited to the tornus, covering the postmedial band and enclosing relatively large pink spots; (5) female similar to male but with wider HW brown bands. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFF2AFE4855A2479D" box="[160,241,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1572,1596]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,187,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-21; b, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, Yakunk-Cutucu Trail) dissection CMP 19-12; c, C. azurina (Bolivia, Chaparé) dissection CMP 14-05." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700909/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
|
||
): in lateral view, uncus slightly curved at base; in dorsal view, the uncus and tegument form a dome-shaped outline and enclose a small fenestra. In lateral view, valva notably tall and short; in ventral view, valva broad and with a rounded indentation near the apex (larger and shallower than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFC2EFDB1515B4455" baseAuthorityName="Salvin & Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[932,1032,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyropina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFC2EFDB1515B4455" box="[932,1032,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">pyropina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), inner base of valva notably sclerotized and extended towards the sub-anal plate. In ventral view, saccus narrow anteriorly. Phallus straight, shorter than the genitalic capsule, vesica adorned with minute spines that extend slightly onto the shaft; phallobase wide, triangular. Sub-anal plate rectangular, longer than wide, adjacent area broad (much larger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFB61FD1D500744C1" box="[1259,1364,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyropyna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFB61FD1D500744C1" box="[1259,1364,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">pyropyna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), well sclerotized, and bearing large microtrichia. Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFCC8FD2056C644A5" box="[834,917,690,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-16@19.[151,1436,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700911/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD8EDDCD5AFF8DFCFCFD2056C644A5" box="[886,917,690,716]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
): sterigma forming a broad concave “cup” that is somewhat U-shaped, ostium bursae remarkably wide. Post-sterigmal area weakly sclerotized, rounded. Antrum short and highly sclerotized; ductus bursae short. Corpus bursae lacks signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD5AFF8DFF4DFC8C54C84550" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1149]" box="[199,411,798,825]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFF4DFC8C541C4551" bold="true" box="[199,335,798,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Subspecies.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD5AFF8DFF4DFCD056274279" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD5AFF8DFF4DFCD056274279" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFF4DFCD054684535" bold="true" box="[199,315,834,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The wing color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFDEEFCD157A24535" box="[612,753,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songoana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFDEEFCD157A24535" box="[612,753,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">C. songoana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFC0EFCD1515B4535" baseAuthorityName="Salvin & Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[900,1032,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyropina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFC0EFCD1515B4535" box="[900,1032,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">C. pyropina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dense pink scale cover in the tornus area (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFE39FCF4574A45E8" box="[435,537,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,458,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-123@14.[151,1436,453,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. a–d, C. pyropina pyropina; e–f, C. pyropina pyropina, “rosacea” phenotype; g, comparison among phenotypes (top row: male, Peru, Satipo; female, Chanchamayo; bottom row: male and female from Tingo María); h–i, C. pyropina julia; j–k, C. songoana; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Collection labels of the C. songoana female indicate that it was examined and photographed by G. Langer. Rodolphe Rougerie provided the photograph of one of the C. songoana female (k), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700901/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 5j–k</figureCitation>
|
||
to 5a–i). The color pattern of this species somewhat resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFAA5FCF550CF45E9" box="[1327,1436,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFAA5FCF550CF45E9" box="[1327,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">C. aurora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFEA0FC18542945CC" box="[298,378,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,458,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-123@14.[151,1436,453,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. a–d, C. pyropina pyropina; e–f, C. pyropina pyropina, “rosacea” phenotype; g, comparison among phenotypes (top row: male, Peru, Satipo; female, Chanchamayo; bottom row: male and female from Tingo María); h–i, C. pyropina julia; j–k, C. songoana; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Collection labels of the C. songoana female indicate that it was examined and photographed by G. Langer. Rodolphe Rougerie provided the photograph of one of the C. songoana female (k), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700901/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 5b</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD5AFF8DFE14FC1957D945CC" author="Penz, C. M. & Alexander, L. G. & DeVries, P. J." box="[414,650,906,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" pagination="541 - 559" refId="ref17024" refString="Penz, C. M., Alexander, L. G. & DeVries, P. J. (2014) Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 3873 (5), 541 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.5.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Penz
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFE56FC19575D45CD" box="[476,526,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014:553
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFD17FC1856DB45CD" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[669,904,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songoana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFD17FC1856DB45CD" box="[669,904,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Cithaerias songoana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFC35FC19511745CD" baseAuthorityName="Salvin & Godman" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[959,1092,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyropina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFC35FC19511745CD" box="[959,1092,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">C. pyropina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also show some divergence in genitalia morphology, such as: the shapes of the phallobase, uncus, subscaphium, distal portion of the valva and sterigma, and the widths of the antrum and ductus bursae (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFC03FC4056894585" box="[905,986,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1572,1596]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,187,1533]" captionTargetId="figure-16@17.[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-21; b, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Morona-Santiago, Yakunk-Cutucu Trail) dissection CMP 19-12; c, C. azurina (Bolivia, Chaparé) dissection CMP 14-05." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700909/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Figs 8c</figureCitation>
|
||
to 8a–b, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFBFAFC4051EC4585" box="[1136,1215,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-16@19.[151,1436,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700911/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD8EDDCD5AFF8DFB29FC4051EC4585" box="[1187,1215,978,1004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="g" value="9.0">9g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
to 9e–f). These differences justify the species status for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD5AFF8DFDB3FC6557944279" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Langer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[569,711,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="songoana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFDB3FC6557944279" box="[569,711,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">C. songoana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD5AFF8DFF4DFB8850C64214" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD5AFF8DFF4DFB8850C64214" blockId="18.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFF4DFB8854FC425D" bold="true" box="[199,431,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD5AFF8DFE32FB8856A3425D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321319" box="[440,1008,1050,1077]" collectionCode="MALE" country="Bolivia" location="Chapare" municipality="Dissected" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFE32FB885747425D" bold="true" box="[440,532,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD5AFF8DFE32FB88575C425D" box="[440,527,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">MALE</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53E8B1CD5AFF8DFD97FB885713425D" box="[541,576,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD5AFF8DFDC5FB8857F2425D" box="[591,673,1050,1076]" name="Bolivia" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD5AFF8DFD25FB88565F425D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214:8E8A75E3CD5AFF8DFD25FB88565F425D" box="[687,780,1050,1076]" country="Bolivia" municipality="Dissected" name="Chapare" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Chapare</location>
|
||
, 14-05
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EB942CD5AFF8DFCE9FB88569E425D" box="[867,973,1050,1076]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Dissected</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD5AFF8DFC70FB88507C4231" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321390" collectingDate="1989-09" collectionCode="CM, LACM, FMNH" country="Bolivia" elevation="750" location="Rio Songo" municipality="Dissected" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD5AFF8DFC70FB885176425D" box="[1018,1061,1050,1076]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">CM</collectionCode>
|
||
Penz (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD5AFF8DFBFEFB88519A425D" box="[1140,1225,1050,1076]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2M,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD5AFF8DFA9FFB885034425D" box="[1301,1383,1050,1076]" name="Bolivia" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Las (sic) Yungas,
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD5AFF8DFEA0FBAC54C24231" box="[298,401,1086,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" value="1989-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD5AFF8DFEA0FBAC54C24231" box="[298,401,1086,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" value="1989-09">Sep 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD5AFF8DFE14FBAC54A04231" box="[414,499,1086,1112]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="Museum">FMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD5AFF8DFD8FFBAC57D74231" bold="true" box="[517,644,1086,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">FEMALE:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53E8B1CD5AFF8DFD00FBAC57FE4231" box="[650,685,1086,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD5AFF8DFD30FBAC565F4231" box="[698,780,1086,1112]" name="Bolivia" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD5AFF8DFC9DFBAC56D84231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD59FF8DFF1DF88C50C64214:8E8A75E3CD5AFF8DFC9DFBAC56D84231" box="[791,907,1086,1112]" country="Bolivia" municipality="Dissected" name="Rio Songo" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Rio Songo</location>
|
||
(sic),
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD8EDDCD5AFF8DFC44FBAC515C4230" box="[974,1039,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="750.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078C40BCD5AFF8DFC44FBAC515C4230" box="[974,1039,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="311" unit="m" value="750.0">750m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 1914, 20-17
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EB942CD5AFF8DFB2EFBAC505D4231" box="[1188,1294,1086,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Dissected</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD5AFF8DFABFFBAC50334231" box="[1333,1376,1086,1112]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">CM</collectionCode>
|
||
Penz (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD5AFF8DFF15FBF055AB4215" box="[159,248,1122,1148]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
; abdomen sent on loan, wing pattern examined from a photograph provided by Rodolphe Rougerie,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD5AFF8DFAB3FBF050DA4214" box="[1337,1417,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[164,1429,458,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-123@14.[151,1436,453,1841]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 5. a–d, C. pyropina pyropina; e–f, C. pyropina pyropina, “rosacea” phenotype; g, comparison among phenotypes (top row: male, Peru, Satipo; female, Chanchamayo; bottom row: male and female from Tingo María); h–i, C. pyropina julia; j–k, C. songoana; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Collection labels of the C. songoana female indicate that it was examined and photographed by G. Langer. Rodolphe Rougerie provided the photograph of one of the C. songoana female (k), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700901/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="311">Fig. 5k</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |