372 lines
51 KiB
XML
372 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="42A1CCDF04E82BBDB14D8A73D665F6E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="7137" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a680b0d1-c6c7-4352-bc7c-3e86a6553f20" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700886" ID-ZooBank="C1539A50-36B3-4050-8378-7E309F0053D9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618839568249" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M." docDate="2021" docId="03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cithaerias azurina Penz 2021, STAT. REV." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="305" masterDocId="FFC5EA56CD48FF9FFF8AFF9255534669" masterDocTitle="Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the blue and purple / rose Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="316" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1698937210022" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="ECF8E2A5A19C96993323C7031D1AD065" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="73B561D1EA77E81B1BFEC3C59B890C5E">
|
||
<mods:title id="1E70BEC5044A57C5C1184E04595EA20D">Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the blue and purple / rose Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CE15E50173CC11F0417BD293DACD2B06" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="361119BD961C830E897B61D042FFB3FC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D844F869058EDC011D6304B81C16A6FA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="776392018C9B955891BABA346A32E00E">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A2EE1689EA10DF8D3AD675FE243C6987">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="96F0562932D4DE86689384C70A6C1148" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E925D5AA0EDA47037670CB7017C704D8">
|
||
<mods:title id="643C2862682774AF13647191790AE626">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0155BFC263F757FF682CA99108C2572D">
|
||
<mods:date id="26F2670CA763AB1F2DEC7311CD89CEF5">2021</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="33F03000FA22B58A5A4A6673DC9FA693" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="E44CAB6E53398619C186D2AD505BB12F">2021-04-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4CC7E6FC3CC0F39FF217B8BFB7325E26" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="01A4CF9D4505E46098D37A807D4758DB">4963</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7C1C4683E4B654F5EFB8648F57C0D5CC" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="F9406C7BDAE5577C14D69594A66140EE">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="DC6466128105CC0AA9E3273A151DCD7F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="164F20E4022CE3D0C88CE775849A7BB7">293</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="31C270F1B24C98722A8962FF65E68519">316</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="6D1F32F3FB2221665FF17C3142D8C446">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B833FEEB760E1970117A4B9121C99998" type="CLB-Dataset">7137</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="847F5C7BD31B7689977C91BBD0B301DD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="156D58B81ED8AEC9A1FB948DE8E210FB" type="GBIF-Dataset">a680b0d1-c6c7-4352-bc7c-3e86a6553f20</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="655DD393D1E3651D490DDBAD89B6C665" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C374D8FBD631C0E6A04EE2D15E2E3D90" type="Zenodo-Dep">4700886</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0591E053577C23C3D35282717E3C90E4" type="ZooBank">C1539A50-36B3-4050-8378-7E309F0053D9</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4737583" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181761499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4737583" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD42FF95FF1DFAB657954357" box="[151,710,1315,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF95FF1DFAB657954357" blockId="10.[151,710,1315,1379]" box="[151,710,1315,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<heading id="D0A29454CD42FF95FF1DFAB657954357" bold="true" box="[151,710,1315,1343]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF1DFAB657954357" bold="true" box="[151,710,1315,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FF1DFAB6577B4357" ID-CoL="VLVZ" authority="(Zikan, 1942)" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[151,552,1315,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF1DFAB6542A4357" bold="true" box="[151,377,1316,1343]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Cithaerias azurina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD42FF95FE02FAB157734357" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[392,544,1315,1342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" pagination="269 - 272" refId="ref17477" refString="Zikan, J. F. (1942) Beschreibungen neuer neotropischer Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae und Satyridae. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55 (34), 269 - 272." type="journal article" year="1942">Zikán, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2124251CD42FF95FDBAFAB657954357" box="[560,710,1316,1342]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">STAT. REV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD42FF95FF1DFADA54C3430B" box="[151,400,1352,1379]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF95FF1DFADA54C3430B" blockId="10.[151,710,1315,1379]" box="[151,400,1352,1379]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD42FF95FF15FADA545F430B" box="[159,268,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,989,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-398@11.[151,1436,976,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–c, C. esmeralda; d–g, C. bandusia; and h–i C. azurina; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Cithaerias azurina specimens were photographed before dissection, collection labels were reduced to 70% of their original size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700897/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Figs 3h–i</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD42FF95FE92FADB5466430A" box="[280,309,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,498,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-156@16.[151,1436,489,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-03; b, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Rio Tapajós) dissection CMP 19-08; c, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700907/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">7c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD42FF95FECAFADA540C430B" box="[320,351,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-16@19.[151,1436,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700911/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">9d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD42FF95FEE0FADA54D4430B" box="[362,391,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-273@21.[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities). Circles marked with a white dot represent specimens examined from photographs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700913/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">10</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD42FF95FF1DFA1F573343AA" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF95FF1DFA1F573343AA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1421,1475]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FF1DFA1F548C43CC" ID-CoL="94Z6H" authority="Zikan, 1942" authorityName="Zikan" authorityYear="1942" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[151,479,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF1DFA1F540643CD" box="[151,341,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Callitaera azurina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD42FF95FED5FA1F548C43CC" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[351,479,1421,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" pagination="269 - 272" refId="ref17477" refString="Zikan, J. F. (1942) Beschreibungen neuer neotropischer Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae und Satyridae. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 55 (34), 269 - 272." type="journal article" year="1942">Zikán, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Beschreibungen neuer neotropischer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FCE7FA1F56BD43CC" ID-CoL="DX5" authority=" Latreille, 1802" box="[877,1006,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Papilionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FC71FA1F510243CC" ID-CoL="625MK" authority="Swainson, 1820" box="[1019,1105,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FBD7FA1F51EE43CC" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1833" box="[1117,1213,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Danaidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Danaidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
und
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FB7FFA1F500B43CC" authorityName=", Weymer" authorityYear="1910" box="[1269,1368,1421,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Satyridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Satyridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FAEEFA1F54FA43AA" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Entomologische Zeitschrift</emphasis>
|
||
55(34): 269–272.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD42FF95FF1DFA635670403B" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF95FF1DFA6357E84065" blockId="10.[151,1437,1521,2040]" box="[151,699,1521,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD42FF95FF1DFA6357E44065" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321362" box="[151,695,1521,1548]" location="Rio Papuri" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF1DFA63546A4062" bold="true" box="[151,313,1521,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE9D9ACD42FF95FF1DFA6355814062" box="[151,210,1521,1547]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD42FF95FECAFA6354EA4062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454:8E8A75E3CD42FF95FECAFA6354EA4062" box="[320,441,1521,1547]" name="Rio Papuri" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Rio Papuri</location>
|
||
(see Remarks, below)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF95FF4DF9865670403B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1521,2040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF4DF98654244047" bold="true" box="[199,375,1556,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD42FF95FEF4F986564D403B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321408" collectingDate="2019-02" collectorName="Claudia L. Rodrigues" country="Brazil" location="Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EE9D9ACD42FF95FE67F986571C4047" box="[493,591,1556,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was deposited in
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD42FF95FC9DF986514D4047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454:8E8A75E3CD42FF95FC9DF986514D4047" box="[791,1054,1556,1582]" country="Brazil" name="Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Instituto Oswaldo Cruz</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD42FF95FBA3F98651234047" box="[1065,1136,1556,1582]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but as of
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD42FF95FB68F98650D54047" box="[1250,1414,1556,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" value="2019-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD42FF95FB68F98650D54047" box="[1250,1414,1556,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" value="2019-02">February 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
it could not be located (
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD42FF95FE02F9A5572E4038" box="[392,637,1591,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Claudia L. Rodrigues</collectorName>
|
||
, pers. comm.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD42FF95FF4DF9C8544740F1" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF95FF4DF9C8544740F1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1521,2040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF4DF9C85432401D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1626,1652]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Possibly endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD42FF95FDD5F9C85783401D" box="[607,720,1626,1652]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991EDDACD42FF95FD55F9C856D6401D" box="[735,901,1626,1652]" country="Colombia" name="Vaupes" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Vaupés region</collectingRegion>
|
||
. See map (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD42FF95FB80F9C8510C401C" box="[1034,1119,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-273@21.[151,1436,741,1794]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map showing the collecting localities of examined specimens (excluding dubious localities). Circles marked with a white dot represent specimens examined from photographs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700913/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) for localities of examined specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD42FF94FF4DF93354C8445D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD42FF94FF4DF93356B14478" blockId="10.[151,1437,1521,2040]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,952]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FF4DF933541140D2" bold="true" box="[199,322,1697,1723]" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is defined based on the following combination of characters (numbered in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD42FF95FAAFF93350C340D5" box="[1317,1424,1697,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,989,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-398@11.[151,1436,976,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–c, C. esmeralda; d–g, C. bandusia; and h–i C. azurina; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Cithaerias azurina specimens were photographed before dissection, collection labels were reduced to 70% of their original size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700897/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Fig. 3h–i</figureCitation>
|
||
): HW membrane melanized; (1) male HW submarginal and marginal bands amalgamated and broad; (2) male HW postmedial band proximal to the ocellus below M
|
||
<subScript id="17D1217DCD42FF95FD36F96857974161" attach="left" box="[700,708,1786,1800]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">1</subScript>
|
||
broad, complete, and somewhat diffuse; (3) male HW postmedial band markedly broad such that the less pigmented spots below M
|
||
<subScript id="17D1217DCD42FF95FCFBF88F562A4142" attach="left" box="[881,889,1821,1835]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">3</subScript>
|
||
, CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17D1217DCD42FF95FC31F88F56904142" attach="left" box="[955,963,1821,1835]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">1</subScript>
|
||
and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17D1217DCD42FF95FBA4F88F51654142" attach="left" box="[1070,1078,1821,1835]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">2</subScript>
|
||
are only visible in ventral view, HW membrane more melanized than the FW; (4) male HW scale cover midnight-blue, glossy, dense and limited to the tornus region, one single small white spot below M
|
||
<subScript id="17D1217DCD42FF95FCA2F8F156634118" attach="left" box="[808,816,1891,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">2</subScript>
|
||
; (5) female similar to male but with wider HW brown bands, particularly the postmedial band outlining the ocellus below M
|
||
<subScript id="17D1217DCD42FF95FC22F81456E341FD" attach="left" box="[936,944,1926,1940]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">1</subScript>
|
||
, (6) midnight-blue scaling at tornus enclosing uniquely small spots, white to pale pink; (7) a brown band is present across the HW discal cell and it extends towards the wing anal margin, a character that is not found in any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD42FF95FC21F828512C41BD" box="[939,1151,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD42FF95FC21F828517241BD" box="[939,1057,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="303">Cithaerias</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The examined specimens are also unique within the genus by having two brown bands on the FW, one of which crosses the discal cell in the female. Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FE47FF05574C46D8" box="[461,543,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,498,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-156@16.[151,1436,489,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-03; b, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Rio Tapajós) dissection CMP 19-08; c, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700907/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
|
||
): genitalic capsule markedly large. In lateral view, uncus bent approximately at midlength and somewhat short; in dorsal view, the uncus and short tegument form a dome-shaped outline. In ventral view, valva long, broad at base and progressively narrowing towards the spatulate apex, with an arched indentation at the inner side and near the apex; inner base of valva notably sclerotized and markedly extended towards the sub-anal plate. Phallus straight, comparable in length to the entire genitalic capsule, vesica adorned a small number of minute spines. Sub-anal plate short, shallowly V-shaped; adjacent area broad, mildly sclerotized, and covered with minute microtrichia that surround the elongate base of the valvae. Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FB00FEF851B347EC" box="[1162,1248,362,389]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-16@19.[151,1436,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700911/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
|
||
): sterigma forming a broad and shallow concave “cup” that is somewhat U-shaped (narrow anteriorly and broadening posteriorly); central area well sclerotized, especially around ostium bursae; ostium bursae narrow. Post-sterigmal area rounded, well sclerotized and bearing large microtrichia posteriorly. Antrum somewhat long and bearing a heavily sclerotized band that fades towards the short ductus bursae. Corpus bursae lacks signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD43FF94FF4DFD8854C8445D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,952]" box="[199,411,538,564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FF4DFD88541C445D" bold="true" box="[199,335,538,564]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Subspecies.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD43FF93FF4DFDAF57BE47B8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD43FF94FF4DFDAF575345D1" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,952]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FF4DFDAF5468443E" bold="true" box="[199,315,573,599]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Both male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FDB1FDAF57E3443E" box="[571,688,573,599]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FDB1FDAF57E3443E" box="[571,688,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. azurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show morphological differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FBD5FDAF51AE443E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[1119,1277,573,599]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andromeda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FBD5FDAF51AE443E" box="[1119,1277,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. andromeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they had been formerly classified as a subspecies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD43FF94FDC7FDF357BC4413" author="Lamas, G." box="[589,751,608,635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref16514" refString="Lamas, G. (1998) Lista sinonimica de los generos Cithaerias Hubner y Haetera Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), con la descripcion de dos subespecies nuevas del Peru. Revista peruana de Entomologia, 40, 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1998">Lamas (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. First, this is the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FC65FDF251ED4413" box="[1007,1214,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FC65FDF251364413" box="[1007,1125,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Cithaerias</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the entire HW membrane is somewhat melanized (especially in the male) and where the dense hind wing blue scaling spreads almost to the discal cell (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FDABFD3557D444A8" box="[545,647,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,989,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-398@11.[151,1436,976,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–c, C. esmeralda; d–g, C. bandusia; and h–i C. azurina; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Cithaerias azurina specimens were photographed before dissection, collection labels were reduced to 70% of their original size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700897/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3h–i</figureCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FD25FD3557A644A8" box="[687,757,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,858,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-319@7.[151,1436,849,1776]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. a–m, C. andromeda; composite pictures show dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. n, C. aurora (C. Felder & R. Felder). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Mauro Costa Cicognani provided the photograph of one of the C. andromeda specimens (m), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700895/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FC81FD35568C44A9" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[779,991,679,705]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FC81FD35568C44A9" box="[779,991,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Cithaerias azurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a well-developed brown band across the HW discal cell (pattern element d,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD43FF94FD1FFD585679448D" author="Nijhout, H. F." box="[661,810,714,740]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" refId="ref16917" refString="Nijhout, H. F. (1991) The development and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 277 pp." type="book" year="1991">Nijhout 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FC7AFD5851C3448D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[1008,1168,714,740]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andromeda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FC7AFD5851C3448D" box="[1008,1168,714,740]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. andromeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(this band is also found in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FE04FD7F54A3456E" box="[398,496,749,775]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Callitaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pireta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FE04FD7F54A3456E" box="[398,496,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. pireta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FDADFD7F573B456E" box="[551,616,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1800,1824]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,858,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-319@7.[151,1436,849,1776]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. a–m, C. andromeda; composite pictures show dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. n, C. aurora (C. Felder & R. Felder). Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Mauro Costa Cicognani provided the photograph of one of the C. andromeda specimens (m), and granted permission for its use here." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700895/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD8EDDCD43FF94FDD0FD7F573B456E" box="[602,616,749,775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD43FF94FD00FD7C56204561" author="Penz, C. M. & Alexander, L. G. & DeVries, P. J." box="[650,883,749,776]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" pagination="541 - 559" refId="ref17024" refString="Penz, C. M., Alexander, L. G. & DeVries, P. J. (2014) Revised species definitions and nomenclature of the rose colored Cithaerias butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 3873 (5), 541 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3873.5.5" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Penz
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FD4DFD7C57AB456E" box="[711,760,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014:546
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Under stereomicroscope and with strong light, a small number of pink scales are visible within the glossy midnight-blue scaling on the dorsal hind wing tornus, and they correspond to the pink spots present in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FD5EFCA156F84524" box="[724,939,819,845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FD5EFCA156194524" box="[724,842,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Cithaerias</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Both male and female genitalia are distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FF5EFCC554204518" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[212,371,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andromeda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FF5EFCC554204518" box="[212,371,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. andromeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the shape of the valva, uncus and tegumen, and the shape of the sterigma (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FAB9FCC550D34518" box="[1331,1408,855,881]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[160,1431,498,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-156@16.[151,1436,489,1542]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-03; b, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Rio Tapajós) dissection CMP 19-08; c, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-14." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700907/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FF1DFCE8558845FD" box="[151,219,890,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1408,1432]" captionTargetBox="[164,1431,191,1375]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[151,1436,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia in lateral and ventral views, tegumen and uncus in dorsal view, phallus in lateral view, and subscaphium in ventral view. Valva setae shown on one side only. Given that the two parts of the subscaphium (subanal plate and adjacent area containing microtrichia) rest on the diaphragma, the variation in the shape of the subanal plate might include slight preparation artifacts. Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (Guyana, Berbice) dissection CMP 13-22; b, C. andromeda (Guyana, Mt. Ayanganna) dissection CMP 19-05; c, C. andromeda (French Guiana, Maroni River) dissection CMP 19-11." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700905/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD43FF94FF62FCE8546B45FD" box="[232,312,890,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,190,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-16@19.[151,1436,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia in ventral view, including schematic representation of papilla anales and abdomen outline (scale patches, general scaling, and setae excluded). Scale bar 1 mm for all images. a, C. andromeda (British Guiana, Potaro River) dissection CMP 13–32; b, C. esmeralda (Brazil, Pará) dissection CMP 19-04; c, C. bandusia (Brazil, Pará, Santarém) dissection CMP 14-11; d, C. azurina ([Brazil, Amazonas] Rio Papori (sic)) dissection CMP 19-15; e, C. pyropina pyropina (Peru, Tingo María) dissection CMP 13-31; f, C. pyropina julia (Ecuador, Macas) dissection CMP 19-16; g, C. songoana (Bolivia, Rio Songo (sic)) dissection CMP 20-17. The arrow in e shows a separate drawing of the sclerotized post-sterigmal plate (folded behind the sterigma in the prepared specimen, and also in f and g). This structure is present in all species examined, and all have microtrichia, which vary in size between species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700911/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
|
||
to 9a). Thus, their distinctive wing color pattern and genitalia morphology justify the species status for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FF35FC0C546545D1" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[191,310,926,952]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FF35FC0C546545D1" box="[191,310,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. azurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as proposed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2A73B0CD43FF94FF1DF8105635418B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700897/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" startId="11.[151,250,1922,1946]" targetBox="[154,1433,989,1888]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD43FF94FF1DF8105635418B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1922,2018]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FF1DF810546C41F3" bold="true" box="[151,319,1922,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 3. a–c</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FEC7F810548641F3" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Doubleday" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[333,469,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esmeralda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FEC7F810548641F3" box="[333,469,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. esmeralda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FE69F810575941F3" bold="true" box="[483,522,1922,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">d–g</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FD9DF81057C041F3" box="[535,659,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bandusia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FD9DF81057C041F3" box="[535,659,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. bandusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FD46F81057BD41F3" bold="true" box="[716,750,1922,1946]" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">h–i</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FD7FF810563341F0" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[757,864,1922,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FD7FF810563341F0" box="[757,864,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">C. azurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD43FF94FCD7F834514841D4" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" box="[861,1051,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD43FF94FCD7F834514841D4" box="[861,1051,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="304">Cithaerias azurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were photographed before dissection, collection labels were reduced to 70% of their original size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD44FF93FF4DFF0557BE47B8" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">
|
||
The ETHZ collection specimens examined here possibly belong to the same collection series as the holotype, given that they were collected at the
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD44FF93FDFDFF29565546BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454:8E8A75E3CD44FF93FDFDFF29565546BC" box="[631,774,187,213]" country="Colombia" name="Papuri River" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Vaupes">Papuri River</location>
|
||
(compare labels in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136E3FBDCD44FF93FC6CFF29511846BC" box="[998,1099,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,989,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-398@11.[151,1436,976,1898]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. a–c, C. esmeralda; d–g, C. bandusia; and h–i C. azurina; dorsal view on the left, ventral on the right. Collecting localities and genitalia dissection codes appear below each specimen. Cithaerias azurina specimens were photographed before dissection, collection labels were reduced to 70% of their original size." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700897/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Fig. 3h–i</figureCitation>
|
||
to http://butterfliesofamerica. com/L/ih/n_cithaerias0013_i.htm last accessed
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD44FF93FD3BFF4D56394690" box="[689,874,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="2020-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD44FF93FD3BFF4D56394690" box="[689,874,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="2020-12">December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FCF7FF4D56B44690" box="[893,999,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Although</collectorName>
|
||
the labels include the word “nova” in
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FF1DFE9154404774" box="[151,275,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Portuguese</collectorName>
|
||
(indicating an undescribed taxon), it is unclear whether the specimens were collected in the
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FABCFE9150CE4774" box="[1334,1437,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Brazilian</collectorName>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FF32FEB554674728" box="[184,308,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Colombian</collectorName>
|
||
side of the river.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FD8FFEB557C24728" box="[517,657,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Nonetheless</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC45EC9CD44FF93FD14FEB556A74728" author="Constantino, L. M. & Salazar, J. A." box="[670,1012,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" pagination="197 - 205" refId="ref16092" refString="Constantino, L. M., & Salazar, J. A. (1998) Descripcion de nuevas especies, subespecies y nuevos registros de ropaloceros para Colombia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Riodininae, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae, Satyrinae, Morphinae). SHILAP Revta. lepid., 26, 197 - 205." type="journal article" year="1998">Constantino & Salazar (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53E8B1CD44FF93FBFEFEB5518D4728" box="[1140,1246,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD44FF93FF1DFED9545B470C" box="[151,264,331,357]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991EDDACD44FF93FE99FED95434470C" box="[275,359,331,357]" country="Colombia" name="Vaupes" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Vaupés</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD44FF93FEFBFED9549F47E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321353" collectingDate="1995-01" collectingDateMax="1995-09-31" collectingDateMin="1995-01" collectorName="D. Acosta & E. Schmidt-Mumm" country="Colombia" elevation="50" location="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Mitú (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAD8EDDCD44FF93FE3CFED854A1470C" box="[438,498,330,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="50.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0078C40BCD44FF93FE3CFED854A1470C" box="[438,498,330,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD44FF93FE77FED95727470C" box="[509,628,330,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1995-01" valueMax="1995-09-31" valueMin="1995-01-00">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD44FF93FE77FED95727470C" box="[509,628,330,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1995-01" valueMax="1995-09-31" valueMin="1995-01-00">I–IX 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FDF5FED957BE470C" box="[639,749,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">D. Acosta</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FCA1FED95150470C" box="[811,1027,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">E. Schmidt-Mumm</collectorName>
|
||
collection), confirming the presence of this species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD44FF93FED0FEFD549F47E0" box="[346,460,367,393]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Patrick Botto provided me a photograph of one of these specimens, and also informed me that Paola Triviño has recently seen this species in Mitú (pers. comm.). I am unaware of any authenticated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5558BBCD44FF93FA09FE0155BE47B9" authorityName="Penz" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Zikan" baseAuthorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cithaerias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azurina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD44FF93FA09FE0155BE47B9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">C. azurina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens that have been collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD44FF93FD2BFE2557BA47B8" box="[673,745,439,465]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34F70B3CD44FF93FF4DFE4856054454" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEA2338CD44FF93FF4DFE4856054454" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD44FF93FF4DFE4854E7479D" bold="true" box="[199,436,474,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD44FF93FE37FE4851DA479C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321325" box="[445,1161,474,502]" collectingDate="1934-02-14" collectionCode="MALE" collectorName="Dissected" location="Rio Papori" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD44FF93FE37FE485742479D" bold="true" box="[445,529,474,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD44FF93FE37FE485742479D" box="[445,529,474,500]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">MALE</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53E8B1CD44FF93FDABFE495717479C" box="[545,580,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD44FF93FDC6FE495795479C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454:8E8A75E3CD44FF93FDC6FE495795479C" box="[588,710,475,501]" name="Rio Papori" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Rio Papori</location>
|
||
(sic),
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD44FF93FC9AFE4956F2479C" box="[784,929,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1934-02-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD44FF93FC9AFE4956F2479C" box="[784,929,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1934-02-14">14 Feb 1934</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 19-14
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FC72FE495136479C" box="[1016,1125,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Dissected</collectorName>
|
||
by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD44FF93FB1BFE4951EE479C" box="[1169,1213,475,501]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">CM</collectionCode>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD44FF93FB4FFE49572E4454" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321378" collectingDate="1934-02-14" collectingDateMax="1995-09-01" collectingDateMin="1934-02-14" collectionCode="ETHZ" collectorName="P. Botto & Dissected" country="Colombia" county="Penz" location="Rio" municipality="Mitu" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Vaupes">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628B5BB4CD44FF93FB4FFE4951A8479C" box="[1221,1275,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Penz</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD44FF93FA86FE495009479C" box="[1292,1370,475,501]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3kp9-a263" name="Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule-Zentrum" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">ETHZ</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1M,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34263A8CD44FF93FF1DFE6D545B4470" box="[151,264,511,537]" name="Colombia" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4991EDDACD44FF93FE9EFE6D543B4470" box="[276,360,511,537]" country="Colombia" name="Vaupes" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Vaupés</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8EB942CD44FF93FEF9FE6D54FF4470" box="[371,428,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Mitú</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD44FF93FE32FE6D57644470" box="[440,567,510,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1995-09-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD44FF93FE32FE6D57644470" box="[440,567,510,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1995-09-01">1 Sep 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(examined from a photograph provided by
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FBAEFE6D51D14470" box="[1060,1154,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">P. Botto</collectorName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B921FF2ACD44FF93FB1FFE6C505E4471" bold="true" box="[1173,1293,510,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">FEMALE</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D53E8B1CD44FF93FA96FE6D506C4470" box="[1308,1343,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD44FF93FACDFE6D503C4470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454:8E8A75E3CD44FF93FACDFE6D503C4470" box="[1351,1391,511,537]" country="Colombia" county="Penz" municipality="Mitu" name="Rio" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Vaupes">Rio</location>
|
||
Papori (sic),
|
||
<date id="FFEB05F8CD44FF93FE81FDB154C94454" box="[267,410,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1934-02-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAFFC10CD44FF93FE81FDB154C94454" box="[267,410,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" value="1934-02-14">14 Feb 1934</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 19-15
|
||
<collectorName id="26A046EECD44FF93FE67FDB157094454" box="[493,602,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">Dissected</collectorName>
|
||
by
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD44FF93FD0EFDB157E34454" box="[644,688,547,573]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">CM</collectionCode>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3D2965CD44FF93FD3DFDB156014454" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095321366" box="[695,850,547,573]" collectionCode="ETHZ" country="Colombia" location="Penz" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vaupes">
|
||
<location id="8E8A75E3CD44FF93FD3DFDB157BE4454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC922ECD42FF93FF1DFAB656054454:8E8A75E3CD44FF93FD3DFDB157BE4454" box="[695,749,547,573]" country="Colombia" name="Penz" pageId="12" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Vaupes">Penz</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED44BBFDCD44FF93FD76FDB156194454" box="[764,842,547,573]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3kp9-a263" name="Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule-Zentrum" pageId="12" pageNumber="305">ETHZ</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |