162 lines
20 KiB
XML
162 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="FEDDDF9FD97FD40BFF02A13714401D33" ID-CLB-Dataset="21131" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1005712" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be1204f7-e9a6-43f5-9783-9760edf50a7a" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3999782" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598292128428" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hernández-Ortiz, V. & Aguirre, A." docDate="2015" docId="03F887FCFFBCFF817DB8FBE3FD2EFBF0" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.31-32.1877-1889.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (31)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Dieffenbachia oerstedii Schott 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="1879" masterDocId="FFC1FF84FFBDFF837C35FFEEFFEDFFED" masterDocTitle="A new species of the Neotropical genus Beebeomyia (Diptera: Richardiidae) with observations of its biology on Dieffenbachia oerstedii (Araceae)" masterLastPageNumber="1889" masterPageNumber="1877" pageNumber="1878" updateTime="1698845293034" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="732A97F95B0CC8F63BFBC9A19C3A27D6">A new species of the Neotropical genus Beebeomyia (Diptera: Richardiidae) with observations of its biology on Dieffenbachia oerstedii (Araceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CFD5D90B3E0888E99357CA7206A1A06F">Hernández-Ortiz, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F19C89720D078B4457F86552CE4D97A">Aguirre, A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EA418BC2A9E5385E1F0D788CC2BB1E0D">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F887FCFFBCFF817DB8FBE3FD2EFBF0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167307992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887FCFFBCFF817DB8FBE3FD2EFBF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887FCFFBCFF817DB8FBE3FD2EFBF0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1879" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6561FFBCFF827DB8FBE3FCBFFBC8" box="[397,850,1037,1061]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827DB8FBE3FCBFFBC8" authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[397,850,1037,1061]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="oerstedii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827DB8FBE3FD61FBC8" bold="true" box="[397,652,1037,1061]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Dieffenbachia oerstedii</emphasis>
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Schott (Araceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6561FFBCFF827CA5FBA0FC2DFA09" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36EAFFBCFF827CA5FBA0FC2DFA09" blockId="1.[144,1104,1101,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">
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In
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<collectingCountry id="F346767AFFBCFF827C86FBA3FEE7FB88" box="[179,266,1101,1125]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827D2FFBA0FE70FB88" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[282,413,1101,1125]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="oerstedii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827D2FFBA0FE70FB88" box="[282,413,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">D. oerstedii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827E86FBA0FC4FFB88" authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[691,930,1101,1125]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="wendlandii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827E86FBA0FCA2FB88" box="[691,847,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">D. wendlandii</emphasis>
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Schott
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827FD7FBA0FF3CFB68" authority="Croat" authorityName="Croat" authorityYear="2004" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="killipii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827FD7FBA0FBA2FB88" box="[994,1103,1101,1125]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">D. killipii</emphasis>
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Croat
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</taxonomicName>
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because they have similar blade shape (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBCFF827EA4FB83FCE2FB68" author="Croat TB" box="[657,783,1133,1157]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" pagination="668 - 772" refId="ref4842" refString="Croat TB. 2004. Revision of Dieffenbachia (Araceae) of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Ann Miss Bot Garden. 91: 668 - 772." type="journal article" year="2004">Croat 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBCFF827F2BFB83FBADFB68" author="Acebey A & Kromer T" box="[798,1088,1133,1157]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" pagination="466 - 471" refId="ref4769" refString="Acebey A, Kromer T. 2008. Diversidad y distribucion de Araceae de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Rev Mex Biodiversidad. 79: 466 - 471." type="journal article" year="2008">Acebey and Krömer 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Herbarium material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827D90FB60FDC7FB48" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[421,554,1165,1189]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="oerstedii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827D90FB60FDC7FB48" box="[421,554,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">D. oerstedii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may also be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827FB5FB60FF36FB28" authority="(Jacq.) Schott" authorityName="Schott" baseAuthorityName="Jacq." class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="seguine">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827FB5FB60FC15FB48" box="[896,1016,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">D. seguine</emphasis>
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(Jacq.) Schott
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</taxonomicName>
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, from the West Indies and the Amazon region. It is an herb usually less than
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<quantity id="4CA99B0FFFBCFF827CA5FB23FF35FB09" box="[144,216,1229,1253]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
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in height, (ranging from
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), distributed from southern
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<collectingCountry id="F346767AFFBCFF827FE2FB23FBC6FB08" box="[983,1067,1229,1253]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F346767AFFBCFF827CA5FB03FF1DFAE9" box="[144,240,1261,1284]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Panama</collectingCountry>
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. In the Los Tuxtlas region (
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<collectingRegion id="4995F808FFBCFF827E0CFB02FD4EFAE9" box="[569,675,1260,1284]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F346767AFFBCFF827E87FB02FCE5FAE9" box="[690,776,1260,1284]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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) it occurs from
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<quantity id="4CA99B0FFFBCFF827FF2FB02FF4BFAC9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="100.0">100 to 1100 m</quantity>
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above sea level (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBCFF827D56FAE2FD6AFAC9" author="Acebey A & Kromer T" box="[355,647,1292,1316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" pagination="466 - 471" refId="ref4769" refString="Acebey A, Kromer T. 2008. Diversidad y distribucion de Araceae de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Rev Mex Biodiversidad. 79: 466 - 471." type="journal article" year="2008">Acebey and Krömer 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Flowering occurs throughout the year; however, there are two main periods, one in April at the beginning of the dry season and a second peak during September, at the end of the rainy season; each individual presents one to three inflorescences, or, rarely, four (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBCFF827EDFFA82FC87FA69" author="Croat TB" box="[746,874,1388,1412]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" pagination="668 - 772" refId="ref4842" refString="Croat TB. 2004. Revision of Dieffenbachia (Araceae) of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Ann Miss Bot Garden. 91: 668 - 772." type="journal article" year="2004">Croat 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). The inflorescence, which consists of a spathe with male and female flowers, is dicogamous (protogynous), and is pollinated by beetles of the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827F4BFA42FBFFFA29" box="[894,1042,1452,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827F4BFA42FBFFFA29" box="[894,1042,1452,1476]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Cyclocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827CA5FA22FE45FA09" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[144,424,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Erioscelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827CA5FA22FF17FA09" box="[144,250,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Erioscelis</emphasis>
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(Scarabaeidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBCFF827D8DFA22FC5DFA09" author="Cuartas-Hernandez S & Nunez-Farfan J" box="[440,944,1484,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" pagination="1061 - 1075" refId="ref4875" refString="Cuartas-Hernandez S, Nunez-Farfan J. 2006. The genetic structure of the tropical understory herb Dieffenbachia seguine L. before and after forest fragmentation. Evol Ecol Res. 8: 1061 - 1075." type="journal article" year="2006">Cuartas-Hernandez and Nuñez-Farfán 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6561FFBCFF817CA5F9F2FD2EFBF0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1879" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36EAFFBCFF827CA5F9F2FEB3F9D9" blockId="1.[144,1104,1564,1691]" box="[144,350,1564,1588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">
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||
<heading id="D0A68186FFBCFF827CA5F9F2FEB3F9D9" box="[144,350,1564,1588]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827CA5F9F2FEB3F9D9" box="[144,350,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Biological samples</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEE36EAFFBCFF817CA5F9ADFD61FCF3" blockId="1.[144,1104,1564,1691]" lastBlockId="2.[212,1172,168,798]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="1879" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">
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During the peak flowering season of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBCFF827E78F9AAFCBDF9B1" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[589,848,1604,1628]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="oerstedii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBCFF827E78F9AAFCBDF9B1" box="[589,848,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="1878">Dieffenbachia oerstedii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(September of 2013), infestation rates and feeding habits of a richardiid fly species that was found associated with the developing inflorescences were evaluated. In the field, we observed the female oviposition behaviour, and developing inflorescences were collected for further examination. Under laboratory conditions (temp 24°C ± 4; and RH 70% ± 10), we kept the inflorescences individually in plexiglass cages with permanent moisture at the base. Each inflorescence was measured for length and width, and later it was dissected lengthwise to locate any larvae and/or pupae, recording the particular sites where immature stages were found feeding. The pupae were kept in plastic rearing chambers until adult emergence. Adult specimens were preserved and dry-mounted; the abdomens of some specimens were also excised to study the terminalia of both sexes. The genitalia were processed in a 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution by heating for 10 minutes, subsequently washed with distilled water, placed in plastic microvials with glycerine and pinned under the rest of the specimen. Digital photographs for
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBFFF817DC1FDE6FD95FDF2" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[500,632,519,543]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="oerstedii">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBFFF817DC1FDE6FD95FDF2" box="[500,632,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">D. oerstedii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were taken with a Nikon D5100 (18–55 VR, lenses king CU+1, +2, +4, 52 mm) camera, and the images of
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBFFF817FA3FDC9FBF1FDD2" authorityName="Curran" authorityYear="1934" box="[918,1052,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Richardiidae" genus="Beebeomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBFFF817FA3FDC9FBF1FDD2" box="[918,1052,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">Beebeomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens were taken with an Olympus C5050 camera, adapted to Olympus SZX7 and BX41 microscopes. The morphological terminology of flies used in this paper is based on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBFFF817CE1FD68FDF5FD73" author="Cumming JM & Wood MD" box="[212,536,646,670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879" pagination="9 - 50" refId="ref4911" refString="Cumming JM, Wood MD. 2009. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Brown BV, editor. Manual of central American Diptera. Vol. 1. Ottawa: National Research Council of Canada; p. 9 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2009">Cumming and Wood (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. The material examined was deposited in the following entomological collections: Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa,
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<collectingCountry id="F346767AFFBFFF81780AFD48FB79FD53" box="[1087,1172,678,702]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">México</collectingCountry>
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(IEXA); Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología – UNAM (CNIN); the Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas – UNAM (EBLT); and the National Museum of Natural History (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36EAFFBFFF817CE1FCB1FE9DFC9B" blockId="2.[212,1172,862,1053]" box="[212,368,862,886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">
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|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBFFF817CE1FCB1FE9DFC9B" box="[212,368,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">Data analyses</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36EAFFBFFF817CE1FC68FD2EFBF0" blockId="2.[212,1172,862,1053]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">
|
||
To evaluate the infestation levels by immature stages found inside the inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D69FFBFFF817CC1FC49FE9BFC53" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1858" box="[244,374,934,958]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Dieffenbachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="species" species="oerstedii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EAF8FFBFFF817CC1FC49FE9BFC53" box="[244,374,934,958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879">D. oerstedii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we calculated the means and standard error (mean ± SE). Wilcoxon tests were used for comparing infestation levels by fly species, and between sexual sections of the inflorescences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B1BFFBFFF817E06FC0BFD70FC10" author="Zar JH" box="[563,669,997,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1879" refId="ref5684" refString="Zar JH. 2010. Biostatistical analyses. 5 th ed. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall." type="book" year="2010">Zar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica software 7.1 (StatSoft, Inc. 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |