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<mods:title id="35EB06FFA1C7C70BB2B0E9BEC9193E83">Descriptions of the larvae and pupae of Sisko Ross with notes on western Dolophilodes Ulmer larvae (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FECEFCD7FE1F" blockId="8.[151,1436,366,501]" box="[151,849,366,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFF01FECEFCD7FE1F" bold="true" box="[151,849,366,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
Key to Larvae of North American
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFDB8FECFFD6CFE1F" ID-CoL="625XC" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[558,746,366,392]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philopotamidae</taxonomicName>
Genera.
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<subSubSection id="C34B6579FFB7A25EFCC0FECEFB03FE62" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFCC0FECEFB03FE62" blockId="8.[151,1436,366,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
The following key is modified from that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B03FFB7A25EFAACFECEFE8EFE3A" author="Morse J. C. &amp; Holzenthal, R. W. &amp; Robertson, D. R. &amp; Rasmussen, A. K. &amp; Currie, D. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="132" pagination="585 - 764" refId="ref6732" refString="Morse J. C., Holzenthal, R. W., Robertson, D. R., Rasmussen, A. K. &amp; Currie, D. C. (2019) Trichoptera. In: Merritt, R. W., Cummins, K. W., Berg, M. B. (Eds.), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 5 th Edition. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 585 - 764." type="book chapter" year="2019">
Morse
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFA1EFECEFF32FE3A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
. Figures
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<geoCoordinate id="EE655035FFB7A25EFE2CFE32FD90FE3A" box="[442,534,403,429]" degrees="19.366" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" precision="55" value="-19.366">19.366</geoCoordinate>
refer to those of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B03FFB7A25EFD45FE32FC2BFE3A" author="Morse J. C. &amp; Holzenthal, R. W. &amp; Robertson, D. R. &amp; Rasmussen, A. K. &amp; Currie, D. C." box="[723,941,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" pagination="585 - 764" refId="ref6732" refString="Morse J. C., Holzenthal, R. W., Robertson, D. R., Rasmussen, A. K. &amp; Currie, D. C. (2019) Trichoptera. In: Merritt, R. W., Cummins, K. W., Berg, M. B. (Eds.), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 5 th Edition. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 585 - 764." type="book chapter" year="2019">
Morse
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFCB7FE32FCDFFE3A" box="[801,857,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
; figures 8.1A8.1C, 8.1F, 8.2B
<geoCoordinate id="EE655035FFB7A25EFA8EFE32FAC8FE3A" box="[1304,1358,403,429]" degrees="8.2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" precision="5555" value="8.2">8.2E</geoCoordinate>
, 8.3C
<geoCoordinate id="EE655035FFB7A25EFF01FE16FF4AFE46" box="[151,204,439,465]" degrees="8.3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" precision="5555" value="8.3">8.3E</geoCoordinate>
refer to those of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B03FFB7A25EFE1AFE16FDB8FE46" author="Wiggins, G. B." box="[396,574,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" refId="ref7641" refString="Wiggins, G. B. (1996) Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 457 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3138 / 9781442623606" type="book" year="1996">Wiggins (1996)</bibRefCitation>
; figure 1B refers to that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B03FFB7A25EFCE6FE16FBDCFE46" author="Weaver III, J. S. &amp; Wojtowicz, J. A. &amp; Etnier, D. A." box="[880,1114,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref7578" refString="Weaver III, J. S., Wojtowicz, J. A. &amp; Etnier, D. A. (1981) Larval and pupal descriptions of Dolophilodes (Fumonta) major (Banks) (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Entomological News, 2, 85 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02016601" type="journal article" year="1981">
Weaver
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFC5AFE16FB82FE46" box="[972,1028,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">et al.</emphasis>
(1981)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<figureCitation id="136A2A77FFB7A25EFBF2FE16FB71FE46" box="[1124,1271,439,465]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 58" captionStart-2="FIGURES 912" captionStartId-0="2.[152,270,1767,1791]" captionStartId-1="3.[152,270,1037,1061]" captionStartId-2="4.[152,270,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox-0="[352,1235,381,1744]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1014]" captionTargetBox-2="[352,1235,345,1708]" captionTargetId-0="figure-103@2.[352,1235,381,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@3.[151,1436,181,1014]" captionTargetId-2="figure-93@4.[352,1235,345,1708]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 14. Variation in Sisko larval head capsules and mandibles, dorsal. 1) Form 1: California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, head width 0.6 mm. 2) Form 2: Oregon, Curry County, perennial creek, head width 0.5 mm. 3) Form 3: California, Humboldt County, seasonal creek, head width 0.7 mm. 4) Form 4: California, Trinity County, seasonal creek, head width 0.7 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 58. Sisko larvae and pupae. 5) Form 4: Larval head, frontal, California, Trinity County, seasonal creek. 6) Form 1: Larval head and prothorax, left lateral, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek. 7) Form 1: Pupal head, ventral, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, width 0.7 mm. 8) Form 1: Pupal abdomen, segments IIVII, dorsal, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, length of segments IIVII 1.7 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 912. Dolophilodes spp. head and mandibles, dorsal. 9) Dolophilodes aequalis (Banks 1924), California, El Dorado County, head width 1.2 mm. 10) Dolophilodes dorca (Ross 1938), California, Humboldt County, head width 1.1 mm. 11) Dolophilodes novusamericana (Ling 1938), California, Humboldt County, head width 0.9 mm. 12) Dolophilodes pallidipes Banks 1936 (presumed larva), California, Siskiyou County, head width 0.9 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843054" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843056" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843058" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10843054/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10843056/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10843058/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Figures 112</figureCitation>
are original in this paper. The larvae of the purported eastern population of
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFCABFE7AFCFEFE62" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1956" box="[829,888,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Sisko" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFCABFE7AFCFEFE62" box="[829,888,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Sisko</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are currently unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34B6579FFB7A25EFF01FD81FA1AFA85" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" type="key">
<key id="FFC061C3FFB7A25EFF01FD81FA1AFA85" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<keyStep id="30A52E57FFB7A25EFF01FD81FA1AFC88" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FD81FA1AFD1A" blockId="8.[151,1437,544,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<keyLead id="30A095C7FFB7A25EFF01FD81FA1AFD1A" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
1 Prothoracic coxae each with long slender, subapicodorsal process bearing apical seta (figs 19.364, 8.1C); foretrochantins small and scarcely projecting (fig. 8.1A); anterior margin of frontoclypeus with prominent notch, typically asymmetrically right of midline (fig. 8.1B); head with setae number 18 at level of posterior point of ventral apotome (figs 19.365, 8.1F); widespread.....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFB4FFDD6FA1AFD1A" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[1241,1436,631,653]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Chimarra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB4FFDD6FA1AFD1A" bold="true" box="[1241,1436,631,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB4FFDD6FABCFD1A" bold="true" box="[1241,1338,631,653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Chimarra</emphasis>
Stephens
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FD12FA1AFC88" blockId="8.[151,1437,544,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<keyLead id="30A095C7FFB7A25EFF01FD12FA1AFC88" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
- Prothoracic coxae without long subapicodorsal processes; foretrochantins small and not projecting (figs 8.3D,
<geoCoordinate id="EE655035FFB7A25EFB6EFD13FAA1FD50" box="[1272,1319,690,711]" degrees="8.3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" precision="5555" value="8.3">8.3E</geoCoordinate>
) or elongate and finger-like (figs 19.363; 8.2C, 8.2D); anterior margin of frontoclypeus variable, prominently notched, slightly sinuous, or completely symmetrical; head with setae number 18 approximately halfway between posterior point of ventral apotome and occipital foramen (figs 19.366;
<geoCoordinate id="EE655035FFB7A25EFD87FCABFDC6FC88" box="[529,576,778,799]" degrees="8.2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" precision="5555" value="8.2">8.2E</geoCoordinate>
, 8.3C).................................................................
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFA06FCABFA1AFC88" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,778,799]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">2</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="30A52E57FFB7A25EFF01FCE4FA1AFC58" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FCE4FA1AFC02" blockId="8.[151,1437,544,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<keyLead id="30A095C7FFB7A25EFF01FCE4FA1AFC02" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
2 Foretrochantins small, scarcely projecting (figs 8.3D,
<geoCoordinate id="EE655035FFB7A25EFD64FCE4FCA4FCCD" box="[754,802,837,858]" degrees="8.3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" precision="5555" value="8.3">8.3E</geoCoordinate>
); anterior margin of frontoclypeus symmetrical, most commonly slightly convex (figs 19.362; 8.3B) or slightly concave, but can have a central emargination or be distinctly crenulate; widespread........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFB22FCDEFA1AFC02" authority="McLachlan" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1865" box="[1204,1436,895,917]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Wormaldia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB22FCDEFA1AFC02" bold="true" box="[1204,1436,895,917]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB22FCDEFAA7FC02" bold="true" box="[1204,1313,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Wormaldia</emphasis>
McLachlan
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FC1AFA1AFC58" blockId="8.[151,1437,544,1299]" box="[151,1436,954,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<keyLead id="30A095C7FFB7A25EFF01FC1AFA1AFC58" box="[151,1436,954,976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
- Foretrochantins projecting, finger-like (figs 19.363; 8.2C, 8.2D;
<figureCitation id="136A2A77FFB7A25EFCDBFC1BFC01FC47" box="[845,903,954,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 58" captionStartId="3.[152,270,1037,1061]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1014]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[151,1436,181,1014]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 58. Sisko larvae and pupae. 5) Form 4: Larval head, frontal, California, Trinity County, seasonal creek. 6) Form 1: Larval head and prothorax, left lateral, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek. 7) Form 1: Pupal head, ventral, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, width 0.7 mm. 8) Form 1: Pupal abdomen, segments IIVII, dorsal, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, length of segments IIVII 1.7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843056/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of frontoclypeus variable........
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFA06FC1BFA1AFC58" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,954,975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A52E57FFB7A25EFF01FC54FA1AFBF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FC54FA1AFBB0" blockId="8.[151,1437,544,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<keyLead id="30A095C7FFB7A25EFF01FC54FA1AFBB0" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
3 Anterior margin of frontoclypeus symmetrical or asymmetrically concave on right (figs 19.361; 8.2B;
<figureCitation id="136A2A77FFB7A25EFB3FFC54FA8DFB9D" box="[1193,1291,1013,1035]" captionStart="FIGURES 912" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[352,1235,345,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-93@4.[352,1235,345,1708]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 912. Dolophilodes spp. head and mandibles, dorsal. 9) Dolophilodes aequalis (Banks 1924), California, El Dorado County, head width 1.2 mm. 10) Dolophilodes dorca (Ross 1938), California, Humboldt County, head width 1.1 mm. 11) Dolophilodes novusamericana (Ling 1938), California, Humboldt County, head width 0.9 mm. 12) Dolophilodes pallidipes Banks 1936 (presumed larva), California, Siskiyou County, head width 0.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843058/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Figs 912</figureCitation>
); if small notch associated with asymmetry, then mandibles with crenulate lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="136A2A77FFB7A25EFC25FBB3FC68FBB0" box="[947,1006,1042,1064]" captionStart="FIGURES 912" captionStartId="4.[152,270,1731,1755]" captionTargetBox="[352,1235,345,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-93@4.[352,1235,345,1708]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 912. Dolophilodes spp. head and mandibles, dorsal. 9) Dolophilodes aequalis (Banks 1924), California, El Dorado County, head width 1.2 mm. 10) Dolophilodes dorca (Ross 1938), California, Humboldt County, head width 1.1 mm. 11) Dolophilodes novusamericana (Ling 1938), California, Humboldt County, head width 0.9 mm. 12) Dolophilodes pallidipes Banks 1936 (presumed larva), California, Siskiyou County, head width 0.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843058/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
); widespread........
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFB44FBB3FA1AFBB0" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer. A" authorityYear="1909" box="[1234,1436,1042,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Dolophilodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB44FBB3FA1AFBB0" bold="true" box="[1234,1436,1042,1064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB44FBB3FAD3FBBF" bold="true" box="[1234,1365,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Dolophilodes</emphasis>
Ulmer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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- Anterior margin of frontoclypeus with distinct notch (fig. 19.360;
<figureCitation id="136A2A77FFB7A25EFCCBFBECFC34FBF5" box="[861,946,1101,1123]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="2.[152,270,1767,1791]" captionTargetBox="[352,1235,381,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[352,1235,381,1744]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 14. Variation in Sisko larval head capsules and mandibles, dorsal. 1) Form 1: California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, head width 0.6 mm. 2) Form 2: Oregon, Curry County, perennial creek, head width 0.5 mm. 3) Form 3: California, Humboldt County, seasonal creek, head width 0.7 mm. 4) Form 4: California, Trinity County, seasonal creek, head width 0.7 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10843054/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Figs 14</figureCitation>
); mandibles without crenulate lateral margins...
<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFA06FBECFA1AFBF5" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1101,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">4</emphasis>
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4 Anterior margin of frontoclypeus with distinct notch on right (figs 19.360; 1B); larval length to
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; Southeast
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(mountains).......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFB3FFB04FA1BFB2C" authority="(Banks)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1193,1437,1189,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Fumonta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFB3FFB04FAC1FB2D" bold="true" box="[1193,1351,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Fumonta major</emphasis>
(Banks)
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<paragraph id="8BEE36F2FFB7A25EFF01FB41FA1AFA85" blockId="8.[151,1437,544,1299]" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">
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- Anterior margin of frontoclypeus with distinct notch central (most common) or with notch left or right of center (
<figureCitation id="136A2A77FFB7A25EFAAEFB41FA16FB62" box="[1336,1424,1247,1270]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 58" captionStartId-0="2.[152,270,1767,1791]" captionStartId-1="3.[152,270,1037,1061]" captionTargetBox-0="[352,1235,381,1744]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1014]" captionTargetId-0="figure-103@2.[352,1235,381,1744]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@3.[151,1436,181,1014]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 14. Variation in Sisko larval head capsules and mandibles, dorsal. 1) Form 1: California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, head width 0.6 mm. 2) Form 2: Oregon, Curry County, perennial creek, head width 0.5 mm. 3) Form 3: California, Humboldt County, seasonal creek, head width 0.7 mm. 4) Form 4: California, Trinity County, seasonal creek, head width 0.7 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 58. Sisko larvae and pupae. 5) Form 4: Larval head, frontal, California, Trinity County, seasonal creek. 6) Form 1: Larval head and prothorax, left lateral, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek. 7) Form 1: Pupal head, ventral, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, width 0.7 mm. 8) Form 1: Pupal abdomen, segments IIVII, dorsal, California, Humboldt County, perennial creek, length of segments IIVII 1.7 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843054" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843056" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10843054/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10843056/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Figs 15</figureCitation>
); larval length to
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; Western
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..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C514D71FFB7A25EFAA7FB5DFA1AFA85" authority="Ross" authorityName="Ross" authorityYear="1956" box="[1329,1436,1276,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Philopotamidae" genus="Sisko" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EAE0FFB7A25EFAA7FB5DFAE0FA85" bold="true" box="[1329,1382,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="132">Sisko</emphasis>
Ross
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