294 lines
35 KiB
XML
294 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="029DFAE6A4D124A28F288173E00B033D" ID-CLB-Dataset="42365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242729" ID-ZooBank="D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460936415633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gravili, Cinzia, Vito, Doris De, Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di, Martell, Luis, Piraino, Stefano & Boero, Ferdinando" docDate="2015" docId="03F887DEFFFEFFB09CD60E6BD30FFAE6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03908p187.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3908 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Bougainvillia muscus Allman 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFC1FFA6FFF6FFB99C410F49D739FFD6" masterDocTitle="The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide" masterLastPageNumber="187" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698583517399" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="129BD6754C0864C028A4FA0704AE2EB7">The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6C8275EA190AA79C2F6CC444480F73F4">Gravili, Cinzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14E489CB771F4304189DA9F448870C2F">Vito, Doris De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="743628AEABD514180468810E0EC03F57">Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A2E97EA81BB3AFD2DD475C566ABB9AB">Martell, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17F12B7AA79DC2963D84C693B852BC8F">Piraino, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F73EBEE134BB092FC982A93455B7205B">Boero, Ferdinando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8E95470AD2056A358209D8A9BDADA72D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B66A4B3CC2CA25A7059A9179240AD006">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7261FD270855A8E88B524C4053B220BE">3908</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F887DEFFFEFFB09CD60E6BD30FFAE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119591017" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F887DEFFFEFFB09CD60E6BD30FFAE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F887DEFFFEFFB09CD60E6BD30FFAE6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFFEFFB19CD60E6BD546FA7D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19CD60E6BD567FEEA" blockId="8.[151,606,290,350]" box="[151,606,290,316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0A681A4FFFEFFB19CD60E6BD567FEEA" bold="true" box="[151,606,290,316]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFEFFB19CD60E6BD567FEEA" ID-CoL="MR4G" authority="Allman, 1863" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,606,290,316]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19CD60E6BD567FEEA" bold="true" box="[151,606,290,316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19CD60E6BD6A7FEEA" bold="true" box="[151,414,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bougainvillia muscus</emphasis>
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(Allman, 1863)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19CD60E0CD634FE88" blockId="8.[151,606,290,350]" box="[151,269,325,350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="136A2A4DFFFEFFB19CD60E0CD7EEFE88" box="[151,215,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[365,1220,410,1303]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[358,1228,402,1310]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bougainvillia muscus: A, colony; B, fragment of a colony with medusa buds; C, mature medusa (A, C drawn by C. G. Di Camillo; B, redrawn and modified after Leloup 1952 by C. G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242731/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A–C
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2E6640FFFEFFB19CD60A7DD267FABE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242731/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[365,1220,410,1303]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19CD60A7DD267FABE" blockId="8.[151,1435,1332,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19CD60A7DD62AFA9F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1332,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFEFFB19D5A0A7DD6CEFA9C" box="[283,503,1332,1354]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19D5A0A7DD6CEFA9C" box="[283,503,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bougainvillia muscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19E450A7DD52FFA9F" bold="true" box="[516,534,1332,1353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
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, colony;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19E360A7DD5B1FA9F" bold="true" box="[631,648,1332,1353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
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, fragment of a colony with medusa buds;
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB1987B0A7DD375FA9C" bold="true" box="[1082,1100,1332,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
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, mature medusa (A, C drawn by C.G. Di Camillo; B, redrawn and modified after Leloup 1952 by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, 1.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19CD60ADCD546FA7D" blockId="8.[151,639,1429,1451]" box="[151,639,1429,1451]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">See Schuchert (2007) for a complete synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFFEFFB19CD60A9ED535F9C3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19CD60A9ED535F9C3" blockId="8.[151,1437,1495,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19CD60A9ED6BBFA26" bold="true" box="[151,386,1495,1520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</emphasis>
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HCUS-S 0 0 1 and HCUS-S 0 0 2 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFFEFFB09C860956D336FCEE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19C860956D36EF9EE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1495,2024]" box="[199,1111,1567,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19C860956D668F9EE" bold="true" box="[199,337,1567,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
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(based on our observations;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFEFFB19ED50956D47CF9EE" author="Edwards" box="[660,837,1567,1592]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Edwards, C. (1966 a) The hydroid and the medusa Bougainvillia principis, and a review of the British species of Bougainvillia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46 (1), 129 - 152. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400017604" type="journal article" year="1966" yearSuffix="a">Edwards 1966a</bibRefCitation>
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; Schuchert 2007, 2012):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19C86090DD4BDF8AB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1495,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19C86090DD60AF98B" bold="true" box="[199,307,1604,1629]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Hydroid.</emphasis>
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Hydrorhiza as an irregular network of tubular stolons from which hydrocauli arise; colony erect; hydrocauli mono- or polysiphonic, irregularly branching and variable in growth and form from dwarf, monosiphonic and little-branched to tall, polysiphonic and tree-like; perisarc of hydrocauli and hydrocladia often covered by detritus, corrugated at base of hydrocladia and thinning out over hydranths forming a pseudohydrotheca; hydranths cylindrical to fusiform, terminal on hydrocauli and hydrocladia; hypostome short and conical; with up to 20 amphicoronate filiform tentacles; pseudohydrotheca thin, much variable in development, from usually present in natural populations to absent in cultivated animals. Medusa buds covered by periderm, arising singly or in groups on hydrocladia just below hydranths, on moderately long stalks. Colours: hydranths pink, red, orange, or greyish purple; colour depends on food items.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFEFFB19C8608CED53BF83E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1495,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19C8608CED65EF876" bold="true" box="[199,359,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Habitat
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<typeStatus id="54EA886AFFFEFFB19D6D08CED658F876" box="[300,353,1927,1952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFEFFB19D3008C0D6DCF876" box="[369,485,1929,1952]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFEFFB19D3008C0D6DCF876" box="[369,485,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. muscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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hydroids usually occur under wave-sheltered conditions, often in slightly reduced salinity and also harbours, on a wide variety of substrata, from the surface to
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<quantity id="4CA99B2DFFFEFFB1984508E5D377F812" box="[1028,1102,1964,1988]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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, but it has also been found in deeper waters (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFEFFB19D010886D6CFF83E" author="Schuchert" box="[320,502,1999,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Schuchert, P. (2012) Athecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, i - viii, 364 pp." type="book" year="2012">Schuchert 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860FDED4BAFF03" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860FDED678FF66" bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Substrate.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFFFFB09D090FDED51CFF66" box="[328,549,151,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09D090FDED51CFF66" box="[328,549,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Posidonia oceanica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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leaves and rhizomes,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFFFFB09F5D0FD0D44BFF66" box="[796,882,153,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09F5D0FD0D44BFF66" box="[796,882,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Zostera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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leaves,
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09F8D0FD1D3F5FF79" box="[972,1228,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFFFFB09F8D0FD1D370FF79" box="[972,1097,152,175]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Sargassum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">Sargassum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFFFFB098150FD1D3F5FF79" box="[1108,1228,152,175]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fucales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Heterokontophyta" rank="genus">Cystoseira</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, bryozoans, algae, hydroids, mussels, polychaete tubes, barnacles, man-made objects.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860F96D6A3FE96" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860F96D66DFF2E" bold="true" box="[199,340,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Seasonality.</emphasis>
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In the Ligurian Sea the species was recorded all year (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09F820FA9D391FF2E" author="Boero" box="[963,1192,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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) and from January to May and November to December (Puce
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09E3C0E4CD58DFECB" box="[637,692,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009). In Salento, the species was observed in February and November (this study).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860E05D3C4FE51" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860E05D6F3FEB3" bold="true" box="[199,458,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Reproductive period.</emphasis>
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May in the Ligurian Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09F550E05D332FEB3" author="Boero" box="[788,1035,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Boero, F. & Fresi, E. (1986) Zonation and evolution of a Rocky bottom hydroid community. Marine Ecology, 7 (2), 123 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1986. tb 00152. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Boero & Fresi 1986</bibRefCitation>
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), January (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB098D10E05D223FEB2" author="Galea" box="[1168,1306,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Galea, H. R. (2007) Hydrozoa, La Ciotat and nearby areas, Mediterranean coast of France. Check List, 3 (3), 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="2007">Galea 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) along the Mediterranean French coast, from spring to autumn (Schuchert 2007) in European temperate waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860EDDD560FD53" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860EDDD614FE7B" bold="true" box="[199,301,404,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Medusa.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Umbrella globular, 2.0–3.5 mm wide and high; mesoglea thick; manubrium bulbous, half of subumbrellar height, sometimes on a short peduncle; oral tentacles long, branching 1–2 (rarely 3–4) times; 4 interradial gonads on manubrium, globular in females and prolonged along sides of radial canals in males; mature eggs covered with a layer of cnidocysts (microbasic euryteles); marginal bulbs small, each bearing 3–5 (rarely 6–9) long marginal tentacles; 2 round ocelli situated adaxially on each marginal bulb near the origin of tentacles. Colours: marginal bulbs and stomach reddish brown, red or yellowish; sometimes with greenish tinge, depends on food items; ocelli red or black in colour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860DC6D650FCC3" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Developmental stages. Newly released medusa with globular umbrella, jelly uniformly thin, with a few nematocysts on exumbrella; manubrium not mounted on a gastric peduncle; 4 unbranched oral tentacles; small not developed oogonia can be seen on the manubrium of females; 2 tentacles and 2 ocelli per marginal bulb. Colours: ocelli red or black.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860C56D336FCEE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" box="[199,1039,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860C56D602FCEE" bold="true" box="[199,315,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cnidome.</emphasis>
|
||
Microbasic euryteles and desmonemes (hydroids and medusae).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFFFFFB09C860C0DD7D5FBC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860C0DD2A3FC1E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860C0DD659FC8B" bold="true" box="[199,352,836,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
A widely distributed species, probably also due to anthropogenic activity, recorded in Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean, and Arctic waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09EA30C2ED4A3FC56" author="Bonnevie" box="[738,922,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Bonnevie, K. (1901) Hydroiden. Meeresfauna von Bergen. 1, 1 - 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10212" type="journal article" year="1901">Bonnevie 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09FEE0C21D365FC56" author="Vervoort" box="[943,1116,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Vervoort, W. (1946) Hydrozoa (C 1) A. Hydropolypen. Fauna van Nederland, 14, 1 - 336." type="journal article" year="1946">Vervoort 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB098300C21D3CAFC56" author="Rees" box="[1137,1267,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Rees, W. J. (1952) Records of hydroids and medusae taken at Herdla, Bergen in 1937. Publications from the Biological Station University of Bergen Aarbok, 1952, Naturvid. Raekke, 16, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1952">Rees 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB099490C2ED2AEFC56" author="Patriti" box="[1288,1431,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Patriti, G. (1970) Catalogue des cnidaires et ctenaires des cotes Atlantiques marocaines. Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique Cherifien et de la Faculte des Sciences, Series Zoologie, 35, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1970">Patriti 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09CD60CC5D657FC72" author="Christiansen" box="[151,366,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Christiansen, B. O. (1972) The hydroid fauna of the Oslo Fjord in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 20 (4), 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Christiansen 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09DC00CC5D519FC73" author="Millard" box="[385,544,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Hirohito 1988; Schönborn
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09F380CC4D48AFC73" box="[889,947,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB098590CC5D2AEFC73" author="Medel" box="[1048,1431,908,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Medel, M. D. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (1996) Updated catalogue of the Hydrozoans from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with remarks on zoogeography and affinities. Scientia Marina, 60 (1), 183 - 209." type="journal article" year="1996">Medel & López-González 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09CD60CE6D670FC1E" author="Schuchert" box="[151,329,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09D150CF9D6A2FC1E" author="Schuchert" box="[340,411,944,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001 a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om Gronland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">2001a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09DAC0CF9D48CFC1E" author="Pena" box="[493,949,944,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB0986B0CF8D362FC1E" box="[1066,1115,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB098F10CE6D2B6FC1E" author="Gravili" box="[1200,1423,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB099470CF8D20EFC1E" box="[1286,1335,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860C9DD7D5FBC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860C9DD68EFC3B" bold="true" box="[199,439,980,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Records in Salento.</emphasis>
|
||
Hydroid moderately frequent at Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB099450C9DD7D9FBC6" author="Gravili" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB0991E0C9CD2ACFC3B" box="[1375,1429,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFFFFFB09C860B55D6D4FBAB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860B55D6D4FBAB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860B55D602FBE3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1052,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C514D4BFFFFFFB09D050B54D680FBE2" box="[324,441,1053,1076]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bougainvillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="muscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09D050B54D680FBE2" box="[324,441,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. muscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very variable species in both stages of the life cycle. Earlier authors attempted to assign the several forms to different species (see Schuchert 2007). Only the hydroid stage and the new born medusa were seen in the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34B6543FFFFFFB09C860BCED30FFAE6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEE36C8FFFFFFB09C860BCED30FFAE6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09C860BCED669FB76" bold="true" box="[199,336,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09D180BCED526FB76" author="Schneider" box="[345,543,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Schneider, K. C. (1898) Hydropolypen von Rovigno, nebst Uebersicht uber das System des Hydropolypen im Allgemein. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 10 (4), 472 - 555." type="journal article" year="1898">Schneider (1898)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09E6C0BCED5FDFB76" author="Babic" box="[557,708,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Babic, K. (1910) Prilog Fauna Jadranskoga mora. Rad Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti. Zagreb, 183, 207 - 232." type="journal article" year="1910">Babic (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09E930BCED45DFB76" author="Broch" box="[722,868,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Broch, H. (1912) Hydroidenuntersuchungen. Vergleichende Studien an Adriatischen hydroiden. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 1, 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1912">Broch (1912</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09F300BC1D495FB76" author="Broch" box="[881,940,1160,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Broch, H. (1933) Zur kenntnis der Adriatischen fauna Von Split. Skrifter Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. Matematisknaturvidenskapelig klasse, 4, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
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),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09F830BCED3D3FB76" box="[962,1258,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Picard, J. & Le Roch, S. (1949) Les cnidaires epiphytes des zosteres de la Mediterranee (note preliminaire). La Feuille des Naturalistes, 4 (9 - 10), 93 - 94." type="journal article">Picard & Le Roch (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB098B90BCED2AEFB76" author="Russell" box="[1272,1431,1159,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Russell, F. S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles, Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London, Cambridge University Press, 530 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 119.3095.562" type="book" year="1953">Russell (1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09CD60BE5D7EAFB12" author="Russell" box="[151,211,1196,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Russell, F. S. (1970) The medusae of the British Isles. II. Pelagic Scyphozoa with a supplement to the first volume on hydromedusae. Cambridge University Press, 284 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19710560438" type="book" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09CAD0BE5D510FB13" author="Tregouboff" box="[236,553,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Tregouboff, G. & Rose, M. (1957) Manuel de Planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Tome I & II. C. N. R. S., Paris, 587 pp. & 31 pls. [pls. 62 - 93]." type="book chapter" year="1957">Trégouboff & Rose (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09E7A0BE5D5D0FB13" author="Vucetic" box="[571,745,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Vucetic, T. (1957) Zooplankton investigations in the sea water lakes " Malo Jezero " and " Veliko Jezero " on the island of Mljet. Acta Adriatica, 6 (4), 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="1957">Vucetic (1957)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09EBB0BE5D49EFB13" author="Picard" box="[762,935,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Picard, J. (1958 a) Origines et affinites de la faune d'hydropolypes (Gymnoblastes et Calyptoblastes) et d'hydromeduses (Anthomeduses et Leptomeduses) de la Mediterranee. Rapports et proces verbaux des Reunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee Monaco, 14, 187 - 199." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">Picard (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09FF80BE4D359FB13" author="Kramp" box="[953,1120,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400007347" type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB098300BE5D2A1FB13" author="Vannucci" box="[1137,1432,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Vannucci, M. & Rees, W. J. (1961) A revision of the genus Bougainvillia (Anthomedusae). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico de Sao Paulo, 11 (2), 57 - 100. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0373 - 55241961000100003" type="journal article" year="1961">Vannucci & Rees (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09CD60B86D664FB3E" author="Edwards" box="[151,349,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Edwards, C. (1966 a) The hydroid and the medusa Bougainvillia principis, and a review of the British species of Bougainvillia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46 (1), 129 - 152. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0025315400017604" type="journal article" year="1966" yearSuffix="a">Edwards (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09D2D0B86D53BFB3E" author="Rossi" box="[364,514,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Rossi, L. (1971) Guida a Cnidari e Ctenofori d'Italia. Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 2, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1971">Rossi (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09E510B99D581FB3E" author="Boero" box="[528,696,1232,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Boero, F. (1981 a) Systematics and ecology of the hydroid population of two Posidonia oceanica meadows. Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli, 2 (3), 181 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.1981. tb 00093. x" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">Boero (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09E860B86D4B2FB3E" author="Maluquer" box="[711,907,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Maluquer, P. (1985) Algunas consideraciones sobre la fauna asociada a las colonias de Schizoporella errata (Waters, 1878) del purto de Mahon (Menorca, Baleares). Publicaciones del Departamento de Zoologia Universidad de Barcelona, 11, 23 - 28." type="journal article" year="1985">Maluquer (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09FDB0B86D316FB3E" author="Riedl" box="[922,1071,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Riedl, R. (1991) Fauna e flora del Mediterraneo. Muzio (Ed.), Padova, 777 pp." type="book" year="1991">Riedl (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB0987C0B86D3C5FB3E" author="Schuchert" box="[1085,1276,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert (1996</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 2007, 2012), Morri & Bianchi (1999),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09DF30BBCD4B2FADA" box="[434,907,1268,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. & Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (2002) The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 337, 1 - 180." type="journal article">Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09FBE0BBCD30EFADB" box="[1023,1079,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004), De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09CAE0A5ED6BCFAE6" author="Galea" box="[239,389,1303,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Galea, H. R. (2007) Hydrozoa, La Ciotat and nearby areas, Mediterranean coast of France. Check List, 3 (3), 193 - 199." type="journal article" year="2007">Galea (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09DD10A5ED55BFAE6" box="[400,610,1303,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Cinar, M. E., Katagan, T., Kocak, F., Ozturk, B., Ergen, Z., Kocatas, A., Onen, M., Kirkim, F., Bakir, K., Kurt, G., Dagli, E., Acik, S., Dogan, A. & Ozcan, T. (2008) Faunal assemblages of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in and around Alsancak Harbour (Izmir Bay, eastern Mediterranean) with special emphasis on alien species. Journal of Marine Systems, 71 (1 - 2), 1 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jmarsys. 2007.05.004" type="journal article">
|
||
Çinar
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09D940A50D537FAE6" box="[469,526,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC04B39FFFFFFB09E2C0A5ED465FAE6" box="[621,860,1303,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Licandro, P. (2008 a) Hydrozoa. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 15 (Supplement), 71 - 91." type="journal article">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09E850A50D5CCFAE6" box="[708,757,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Puce
|
||
<emphasis id="B925EADAFFFFFFB09FE40A50D4E4FAE6" box="[933,989,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |